Introduction to Zoology Lecture 1

Flash Card Info

1. Name2. Age3. Major4. Favorite Music Genre5. What is the best way that you learn6. Favorite Movie 7. Anyone in class you don’t want to be in your

group

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N190: Animals Among UsIntroduction to Zoology for Non-Majors

Cecilia Hennessy, PhD

Course Objectives

• Discover and explore other animals• Learn to identify adaptations and understand

how they enable niche inhabitance• Expand awareness of the natural world• Understand how resources are limited• Hone skills to participate in citizen science and

be an ambassador for nature

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Broad Outline

• Zoology– What makes an animal an animal?– List

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Animals

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Animal?

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Broad Outline

• Zoology– What makes an animal an animal?– Animal cells– Form and function– Comparative morphology

• Major Taxa (singular: taxon)– Invertebrates and Vertebrates

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Broad Outline

• Evolution and adaptation• Cognition and Social Behavior• Biodiversity and Conservation• Artificial Selection– Animals we WANT

• Pests and Parasites– Animals we DON’T WANT

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Assignments

• Readings most Thursdays– Answer 2-4 questions before Tuesday Lecture– Discussions of readings in Lab

• Media assignments (2)– Two REPUTABLE news sources– Summaries turned in, one presented to class

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Semester Project

• Observe assigned animal at Potawatomi Zoo• Ethology report

• 6-8 page report• 10 minute presentation to class with

Powerpoint• At least 3 citations from primary literature• Zoo exhibit critique

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Testing

• Exams– Two midterms– One final

• 5 independent quizzes• 5 group quizzes

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Animals of Michiana

• Ongoing animal ID– Sight– Sound

• ~3 per lecture• Any could be on quiz or exam• Stay on top of these

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American Goldfinch

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Expectations

• We cannot fulfill our expectations if we do not share them with each other

• AKA: I cannot read your mind, and you cannot read mine

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My Expectations of You

• We will communicate during normal human hours– You will not expect me to respond to an email

anytime 9 PM to 6 AM. I might, but don’t count on it.

• You will depend on online resources and other students for missed notes– I will not provide anything beyond what is online.

My handwriting is atrocious.

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My Expectations of You

• Basic Respect– No texting during class– No disruptive behavior– No texting during class– Attending class and paying attention– No texting during class– Zero tolerance for cheating

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What it takes to be a student

• Set aside your ego– Admit ignorance (ask questions)– Drop your cool (ask questions, approach prof)

• Set aside your time– 2.5 study hours for every 1 hour in class– This is your job

– If getting credentials was easy, they would be worthless.

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What it takes to be a student

• Respect– Your professor– Your fellow students– Yourself• Take breaks, feed yourself, seek help when needed

• Non-students will not understand– Do yourself a favor and explain to your family,

children, friends, etc. why you need time to study

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Good Study Habits

• Set aside TIME and SPACE– A regular time, during the day• What takes 1 hour during daylight can take 1.5 at night

– A regular space• Dedicated to studying • Shut out distractions

– Training your mind to process and think

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Study Breaks Every 15 Minutes

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Good Study Habits

• Schedule space in between classes, if possible– Good time to ask a question of the prof/TA– Great time to study and prepare

• “Overprepare”– Be pro-active, not reactive. Bring your tools to

class and be ready to learn

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Good Study Skills

• Use campus resources– Writing labs, computer labs, tutoring– 10% of Final Project grade is writing• “Can I understand what you are trying to state?”• “Are you stating this in the best way possible?”

• Form a study group– Avoid discussing extraneous topics – this is YOUR

TIME and YOUR MONEY

• Study the hardest topics first22

Good Study Skills

• TIME + ENERGY = LEARNING

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Life and Cells

List Properties of Life

• Think-Pair-Share

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Defining Properties of Life

1. Complex molecular organization– Macromolecules: lipids, nucleic acids, proteins,

carbohydrates

2. Complex, hierarchical organization– Macromolecules -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs ->

Organ systems -> Organisms -> Populations

3. Reproduction– Heredity and Variation

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Defining Properties of Life

4. Genetic Code5. Metabolism– Acquiring nutrients from the environment to

obtain energy

6. Development– Characteristic life cycle from gametes to adult

7. Environmental Interaction– Ecology

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Fundamental Difference Between Animals and Everything Else*

• Obtain their nutrition from other organisms– Heterotrophs

• Multicellular• Typically motile

Autotrophs28

Heterotrophs

Eukaryotic Cells

• Plasma membrane forms cell• Filled with cytoplasm• Membrane-bound nucleus• DNA in nucleus• Organelles– Golgi bodies, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes– Specialized function for types of work

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Tutorvista.com

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Cellular Differences

• Plants– Cell wall– Vacuole– Chloroplasts

• Animals– No cell wall– Smaller vacuole– No chloroplasts– More mitochondria

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Why Is a Sponge an Animal but Fungi Aren’t?

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1. Although fungi lack cellulose in their cell walls, they still have cell wall structures.

2. All animals are motile, if only at one life stage. Sponge larvae are motile.

Structures of the Animal Cell

• Plasma Membrane• Centrioles• Endoplasmic Reticulum– Ribosomes

• Lysosomes• Mitochondria• Nucleus

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Semi-Permeable Plasma Membrane

• Keeps some substances out, lets others in• Lipid-protein composition– Lipids maintain flexibility– Proteins allow substances to cross membrane

• Lipid bilayer– Hydrophobic heads out– Hydrophilic tails in

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Centrioles

Organize assembly of microtubules during cell division

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Synthesizes important macromolecules, such as membranes, proteins, antibodies, carbohydrates, lipids, and hormones.

• Rough ER has ribosomes• Ribosomes assemble proteins

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Lysosome

Via hydrolytic processes (adding water molecule to break bonds), lysosomes break down macromolecules into smaller components

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Mitochondria

• “Mighty” power house• Cellular respiration – source of all energy in

animal cells• Endosymbiotic theory – mitochondria were

bacteria that entered animal cells early in evolutionary history

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Nucleus

• Nuclear envelope– Double membrane

• Chromosomes reside inside nucleus

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Next Lecture

• Cellular Reproduction (Mitosis and Meiosis) • Cellular Respiration and Metabolism

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Microscope

• Carry with both hands– One hand on arm and one underneath

• Never use the coarse adjustment while looking at an object under high power– Be careful to not crush the lens against the slide

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Slides

• Prepared plant cells• Prepared animal cells• Muscle Tissue Slides• Bone Tissue Slides• Cheek swabs• Answer in-lab assignment

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