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This course will cover contents about the academical and the daily culture of Spain and the Basque Country. It's a course designed to help the foreigner postgraduate students of the University of Deusto to integrate in the daily life of Bilbao and San Sebastian.
Citation preview
Introduction to Spanish & Basque Culture. Unit 3
Guillermo Gómezggomez@deusto.es
http://profesorenapuros.es/culture
This presentation is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution
What will we talk about?
From dictatorship to democracy
Are we so informal as we seem to be?
Where do we come from?
Turbulent 19th century
➔ 6 Constitutions➔ Division of Spain into
progressives & traditionalists➔ 1 republic➔ 1 change of royal house➔ Restoration: bipartidism
Where do we come from?
2nd Republic (1931-1936): reforms & radicalization
➔ 3 governments: center-left, far right, far left.
➔ Important reforms: regional, religious, militar, agricultural & social.
➔ Division & radicalization of society.
Video
Where do we come from?
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
➔ The Coup d’etat that transforms in a Civil War.
➔ Revolution and counter-revolution
➔ International allies: Germany, Italy & Soviet Union.
Video
War evolution
Video
The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
Nationalcatholicism: Church, Army & Single Party
Video
The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
Main points of its ideology
➔ Antiliberalism, anticapitalism.➔ Anticomunism➔ Spanish patriot: centralist➔ Extreme catholic➔ Traditionalist Vs Republican
progresist reforms➔ Antiparliamentarism
The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
The 40’s: the post-war period.
➔ Autarchy➔ Isolation➔ Hunger➔ Opposition➔ Repression
The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
The 50’s: End of isolation
➔ Cold War:
The American friend➔ Nationalcatholicism
Video
The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
The 60’s: the economic miracle
➔ Technocrats arrive to the government.
➔ Baby boom.➔ Women enter the labour market
& the university.➔ International tourism arrives to
Spain.➔ The economic miracle lasts till
middle 70’s (oil crisis).
The Dictatorship: Franquism (1939-1977)
The 70’s: the end of the dictatorship
➔ Active opposition: inside Spain and in exile.
➔ Increasing social unrest.➔ Active terrorist groups: ETA,
GRAPO, FRAP, AAA, BVE…➔ “Proceso de Burgos”:
International opposition.➔ Carrero Blanco’s assassination➔ Juan Carlos: successor.
Video
The Spanish Transition to Democracy
Arias Navarro’s government (1974-1976)
Video
➔ Government with Franco alive.➔ He announces Franco’s death.➔ Government with the king as head of
the state.➔ Resigns on July 1st, 1976.
The Spanish Transition to Democracy
“Exemplary” transition to democracy?
➔ Transition from inside the regime.➔ Transition based in agreement.➔ “Peaceful” transition?➔ Amnesty law = law to forget the past?
1973 (Carrero Blanco) - 1982 (PSOE)
1975 (Franco) - 1978 (Constitution)Video
The Spanish Transition to Democracy
The proclamation of Juan Carlos I
➔ July 22nd, 1969: Prince of Spain➔ November 22nd, 1975: proclamation.
Swears the “Principios del Movimiento Nacional”
➔ Promotes the Law for Political Reform (1976)
Video
The Spanish Transition to Democracy
Adolfo Suárez (1976-1981): UCD
➔ Three governments:◆ 1976-1977◆ 1977-1979◆ 1979-1981
➔ Law for Political Reform, Spain of Autonomies, Communist Party legalization
The Spanish Constitution (1978)
➔ Referendum: December 6th, 1978. (87% agree)
➔ Into effect: December 29th, 1978.
The Spanish Transition to Democracy
23-F: a coup d’état in the Parliament
Video 1
Video 2
Video 3
➔ “Operación Galaxia”.➔ Teniente Coronel Antonio Tejero:
occupies the Parliament.➔ General Captain Milans del Bosch
occupies Valencia.➔ The King appears in TV: February
24th, 1:14 a.m.➔ February 24th, 12 a.m: Tejero leaves
the Parliament.
The Spanish Transition to Democracy
Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo’s government (1981-1982): UCD
➔ Divorce Law.➔ NATo.➔ Changes Spanish flag.➔ Stops coup d’état
attempt. (1982)
The opposition to Franco governs
Felipe González (1982-1996): PSOE
Video
1982-1986: absolute majority.1986-1989: absolute majority.1989-1993: simple majority.1993-1996: simple majority.
➔ Social opposition against NATO (referendum, 1986)
➔ Industrial modernization: social conflicts.➔ EEC (1986).➔ GAL (state terrorism) & political
corruption.
The center-right again in the government
José María Aznar (1996-2004): PP
➔ Labour reform (1997)➔ Land law (1998)➔ Economic “miracle” based in real state
market.➔ EURO (1999, 2002)➔ Social opposition against War in Iraq.➔ March 11th, 2004: Madrid’s bombs.
1996-2000: simple majority.2000-2004: absolute majority.
The start of the economic crisis
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004-2011): PSOE
Video
2004-2008: simple majority.2008-2011: simple majority.
➔ Civilizations Alliance (2004)➔ Referendum for European Constitution (2005)➔ Gay marriage & adoption (2005)➔ LOE (2006)➔ Peace process with ETA (2006)➔ Dependent Care Law (2006)➔ Real state bubble explodes (2007)➔ Unemployement increases (21,52%, 2011)➔ Financial crisis (2009)➔ Labour reform (2010)
The society takes public squares
15-M: “los indignados” (May 15th, 2011)
Mariano Rajoy (2011-...): PP
2011-...: absolute majority.
➔ Reduction of public deficit.➔ The risk premium arrives historical maximums:
642 points. (2012)➔ Unemployment: 5 965 400 (26%, 2012).➔ Political corruption cases: Gürtel, Púnica, EREs,
Pujol…➔ Conflict with Catalunya.➔ GDP starts growing (0,1%-0,3%, 2013)
Juan Carlos I abdicates
The proclamation of Felipe VI
Video
➔ June 19th, 2014: Juan Carlos I abdicates and Felipe VI is proclaimed King of Spain.
Are we so informal as we seem to be?
Photographies’ source
All the photos in this presentation are licensed under Creative Commons terms of use.
➔ Franco➔ Business men➔ 1869 government➔ Republican flag➔ Gernika➔ Spanish Civil War: map➔ Franquist flag➔ Falange➔ Franco➔ Franco➔ Eisenhower➔ Franco’s death➔ Referendum Reforma Política➔ Prince of Spain➔ Arias Navarro➔ Adolfo Suárez➔ Constitution
➔ 23F➔ Calvo Sotelo➔ Felipe González➔ José María Aznar➔ José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero➔ 15-M➔ Mariano Rajoy➔ Felipe VI➔ Creative Commons
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