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This presentation gives an introduction to the world of digital libraries. It first explores different defintions of the phrase "Digital Library". It then looks at 11 real life examples of digital library websites (slides 44-98), including Europeana, Google Books, Flickr the Commons, Delpher, Wikisource, The Memory of the Netherlands and Project Gutenberg. Each of these DLs is assessed against five different criteria (concepts, properties) - Content/User experience - Cutural heritage domain (libraries, archives, museums, AV-institutions) - Control / run by - Content providing parties - User involvement Many references are made to Web2.0-concepts from Tim O'Reilly's article http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-eb-20.html From these 11x5 = 55 datapoints 6 trend plots are drawn (slides 99-140) to show "what is hot" and "what is not" in the current DL-landscape. Key slide summarizing this = no 142 Finally, some strategies for content & brand distribution of DLs are being discussed (SEO, Wikipedia, social & ego networks, APIs) This presentation was given by Olaf Janssen (National Library of the Netherlands - KB) as a lecture for students of the master's course "The Library" at Leiden University on 25-11-2013
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Lecture for the course “The Library” at Leiden University, 25-11-2013
Olaf Janssen, National Library of the Netherlands
olaf.janssen@kb.nl - @ookgezellig - slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL
Introduction to digital libraries Definitions, examples, concepts and trends
Lecture for the course “The Library” at Leiden University, 25-11-2013
Olaf Janssen, National Library of the Netherlands
olaf.janssen@kb.nl - @ookgezellig - slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL
Introduction to digital libraries Definitions, examples, concepts and trends
± 50 min ± 40 min
Hi, I’m Olaf Janssen I’m a GLAM-Wiki & Open Data Coordinator at the National Library of the Netherlands (KB) GLAM-Wiki coordinator??? That means I initiate and coordinate projects to strengthen the collaboration between the KB and Wikimedia-projects (such as Wikipedia) Open Data coordinator??? That means I make sure KB’s open data and APIs get used by as many parties and services as possible
olaf.janssen@kb.nl @ookgezellig
slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL
My presentation philosophy
This slidedeck is optimised
for
slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL
What I hope you’ll get out of this talk 1. Basic understanding of what a digital library is
2. Understanding of some basic concepts and trends
over time in digital libraries
3. Understanding how these trends relate to “2.0”
How does my talk fit in the overall course?
In my talk:
digital
In my talk:
front-end/UX of digital libraries
In my talk: Online/web
Alright, let’s go!
I’ll start with a bit of
history
http://www.iupui.edu/~g115/assets/mod03/earth_history.jpg
http://www.iupui.edu/~g115/assets/mod03/earth_history.jpg
Not all of history, only
human history
http://www.mitchellteachers.net/WorldHistory/templates/images/earlyhumans/humanancestorsmainpic.jpg
http://www.mitchellteachers.net/WorldHistory/templates/images/earlyhumans/humanancestorsmainpic.jpg
Not all of human history, only
internet history
http://joaobordalo.com/files/topInternetHistory.png
Not all of internet history, only
history of websites
http://joaobordalo.com/files/topInternetHistory.png
Not all of internet history, only
history of the web
http://www.everyjoe.com/2007/09/05/technology/pc-magazines-top-100-classic-web-sites/
http://www.everyjoe.com/2007/09/05/technology/pc-magazines-top-100-classic-web-sites/chunk.id=ss1-5-6
Context
Historic development of the web : Rise of Web2.0
You read this article in preparation
http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
Web2.0 key concepts Tim O’Reilly (2005) What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software
1. The long tail 2. Data is the next Intel Inside 3. Users add value 4. Network effects by default 5. Some rights reserved 6. The perpetual beta 7. Software above the level of a single device 8. Cooperate, don't control
Slide taken from http://www.slideshare.net/edsonm/michael-edson-let-us-go-boldly-into-the-future
Tim O’Reilly (2005) What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0
Not history of all the web, only the web in library
context digital libraries
(like Delpher, newest DL-site of the KB)
First things first
What is a digital library
(there is no unique definition..)
but let’s give it a shot…
- aa
- aa
“a library in which collections are stored in
electronic media formats […] and accessible via computers.
The electronic content may be stored locally, or
accessed remotely via computer networks.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_library
“[..] at Stanford University, some discussion was held as to
what did we mean by the term "digital library“”. [..]
it would be valuable [..] to document a common understanding of the term, but agreed that […] we could
not and would not aim for a general consensus.
http://www.dlib.org/metrics/public/papers/dig-lib-scope.html
“[..] at Stanford University, some discussion was held as to
what did we mean by the term "digital library“”. [..]
it would be valuable [..] to document a common understanding of the term, but agreed that […] we could
not and would not aim for a general consensus.
http://www.dlib.org/metrics/public/papers/dig-lib-scope.html
The term "Digital Library" has a variety of potential
meanings,
ranging from a digitized collection of material that one might find in a traditional library
through to the collection of all digital information along
with the services that make that information
useful to all possible users.
http://www.dlib.org/metrics/public/papers/dig-lib-scope.html
“[..] at Stanford University, some discussion was held as to
what did we mean by the term "digital library“”. [..]
it would be valuable [..] to document a common understanding of the term, but agreed that […] we could
not and would not aim for a general consensus.
http://www.dlib.org/metrics/public/papers/dig-lib-scope.html
The term "Digital Library" has a variety of potential
meanings,
ranging from a digitized collection of material that one might find in a traditional library
through to the collection of all digital information along
with the services that make that information
useful to all possible users.
http://www.dlib.org/metrics/public/papers/dig-lib-scope.html
[..] the following definition was proposed: The Digital Library is:
– The collection of services
– And the collection of information objects
– That support users in dealing with information objects
– And the organization and presentation of those objects
– Accessable directly or indirectly via electronic/digital means
http://www.dlib.org/metrics/public/papers/dig-lib-scope.html
The Digital Library Reference Model (2011)
(273 pages!)
“…a potentially virtual organisation, that
comprehensively collects, manages and preserves for the long depth of time rich digital content, and offers to its targeted user communities [..] according to comprehensive
codified policies."
The Digital Library Reference Model - http://bscw.research-infrastructures.eu/pub/bscw.cgi/d222816/D3.2b%20Digital%20Library%20Reference
%20Model.pdf
- aa
- aa
“Digital libraries are organised collections of digital content made available to the public.“
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/strategies/l24226i_en.htm
Google (search) ≠ DL
And there are many more definitions…*
* Such as https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~i385d/readings/Borgman-1999-What_Are_Digital_Libraries.pdf
Let’s summarize the red key phrases
we’ve just seen...
too textual, vague,
abstract
Is ?
No worries, let’s look at
11 real life examples of digital libraries
to improve our understanding
too textual, vague,
abstract
No worries, let’s look at
11 real life examples of digital libraries
to improve our understanding
Is ?
E-lev-en?!!
Yes, sorry…. I really need some critical mass here, each example will become a ‘datapoint’ for making
some trend plots later on (I will keep it brief, you can study them in more detail at home)
4 cultural heritage domains
1. Library: publications Books, magazines, newspapers
4 cultural heritage domains
2. Archive: primary documents (unique & unpublished) Public records, government docs, legal administrations
4. Audio-visual: recordings Films, audio, TV, radio, speeches, plays
1. Library: publications Books, magazines, newspapers
3. Museum: artefacts Paintings, drawings, sculpture, instruments, flora, fauna
4 cultural heritage domains
3. Museum: artefacts Paintings, drawings, sculpture, instruments, flora, fauna
2. Archive: primary documents (unique & unpublished) Public records, government docs, legal administrations
4. Audio-visual: recordings Films, audio, TV, radio, speeches, plays
1. Library: publications Books, magazines, newspapers
GLAMs
Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums
= CH-sector
1. KB Catalogue opc4.kb.nl
1. KB Catalogue opc4.kb.nl
Focus on raw metadata, no full-texts, no visuals
1. KB Catalogue opc4.kb.nl
Replacement of card catalogue
• Content/UX: Raw metadata (no full-texts, no visuals)
• Content domain: library (books, newspapers, magazines)
• Run by: commercial company (OCLC)
• Content partners: Institutional (KB)
• User involvement: none; 1-directional institutional broadcasting; “See what KB has” (Web1.0)
2. LibraryThing Librarything.com
2. LibraryThing Librarything.com
Focus on metadata, no full-texts, tiny visuals
2. LibraryThing Librarything.com
User generated content
Web2.0 library catalogue
• Content/UX: Raw metadata-oriented (no full-texts, poor visuals)
• Content domain: library (books)
• Run by: commercial company (40% Amazon)
• Content partners: user community (Web2.0)
• User involvement: very strong: “Contribute & share your
metadata” (Web2.0)
Web2.0: “Harnessing collective intelligence”
Web2.0 library catalogue
• Content/UX: Raw metadata-oriented (no full-texts, poor visuals)
• Content domain: library (books)
• Run by: commercial company (40% Amazon)
• Content partners: user community (Web2.0)
• User involvement: very strong: “Contribute & share your
metadata” (Web2.0)
Further reading • http://carl-acrl.org/ig/carlitn/9.07.2007/LTFL.pdf • http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0737-
8831&volume=27&issue=1&articleid=1775785&show=pdf
3. Delpher Delpher.nl
3. Delpher Delpher.nl
Focus on visuals, not metadata
Focus on OCR, not metadata
3. Delpher Delpher.nl
3. Delpher Delpher.nl
Metadata-based advanced search
3. Delpher Delpher.nl
Joint effort
Multiple content partners
delpher.nl/nl/pages/partners
3. Delpher Delpher.nl Full-text historic Dutch publications
• Content/UX: Full-text: visuals & OCR, with metadata-
based searching
• Content domain: library (publications)
• Run by: non-commercial institution (KB)
• Content partners: Institutional (libraries, archives, newspaper publishers etc.)
• User involvement: none; “See what full-text publications we have” (Web1.0)
Further reading (historic newspapers only, precursor of Delpher) • http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january08/klijn/01klijn.html • http://kranten.kb.nl/documents/newsletter_IFLA_no19_2009.pdf
4. Digital Library for Dutch Literature dbnl.org
4. Digital Library for Dutch Literature dbnl.org
Focus on full-text…
4. Digital Library for Dutch Literature dbnl.org
… with metadata for searching
4. Digital Library for Dutch Literature dbnl.org Full-text Dutch literature database
• Content/UX: Full-text: OCR & PDF (scans), with metadata
for search
• Content domain: library (literature, publications)
• Run by: non-commercial institution (Society of Dutch Literature)
• Content partners: none (own SDL-collection)
• User involvement: none; “See what we SDL have” (Web1.0)
Further reading • van Stipriaan, Rene. "Future proofing Dutch literature-Rene van Stipriaan
answers questions about the Digital Library for Dutch Literature, how it was started and why users like it." Research Information 41 (2009): 13.
5. Google Books books.google.com
5. Google Books books.google.com
Focus on full-text
5. Google Books books.google.com
Joint effort
Many big libraries (incl. KB) as content partners
5. Google Books books.google.com World largest e-book store
• Content/UX: Full-texts: e-books + e-magazines
• Content domain: library (books)
• Run by: commercial company (Google)
• Content partners: Institutional - big libraries worldwide (eg.
KB, Oxford, Stanford, Harvard)
• User involvement: weak, users can contribute book reviews (“Web1.1”)
Further reading • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books_Library_Project • http://liber.library.uu.nl/index.php/lq/article/download/URN%3ANBN%3ANL%3
AUI%3A10-1-113624/8371 • http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbreader.asp?ArticleID=16307
6. Project Gutenberg gutenberg.org
6. Project Gutenberg gutenberg.org
6. Project Gutenberg gutenberg.org
E-books, focus on full-text
6. Project Gutenberg gutenberg.org Free public domain e-books (since 1971!)
• Content/UX: Full-text e-books
• Content domain: library (books)
• Run by: not-for-profit company (foundation, PGLAF)
• Content partners: Institutional (publishers)
• User involvement: some; users can contribute books, reviews,
comments etc. (self.gutenberg.org) (“Web1.5”)
Further reading • http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Gutenberg:About • http://www.enebooks.com/data/JK82mxJBHsrAsdHqQvsK/2010-01-17/1263695736.pdf
Access ’90s – websites are T.F.O.’s 7. Wikisource wikisource.org
Access ’90s – websites are T.F.O.’s 7. Wikisource wikisource.org
Access ’90s – websites are T.F.O.’s 7. Wikisource wikisource.org
Focus on full-text
Access ’90s – websites are T.F.O.’s 7. Wikisource wikisource.org Open full-text library & archive
• Content/UX: Rights-free full-texts (novels, non-fiction works, letters, speeches,
constitutional and historical documents, laws etc.)
• Content domains: library & archive
• Run by: User-community, supported by not-for-profit organisation
(Wikimedia Foundation)
• Content partners: user community (Web2.0)
• User involvement: very strong: “Contribute, improve, share & re-
use texts” (Web2.0)
Web2.0: “Design for remixability"
Access ’90s – websites are T.F.O.’s 7. Wikisource wikisource.org Open full-text library & archive
• Content/UX: Rights-free full-texts (novels, non-fiction works, letters, speeches,
constitutional and historical documents, laws etc.)
• Content domains: library & archive
• Run by: User-community, supported by not-for-profit organisation
(Wikimedia Foundation)
• Content partners: user community (Web2.0)
• User involvement: very strong: “Contribute, improve, share & re-
use texts” (Web2.0)
Further reading • https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Community_portal
Memory of the Netherlands
8.Memory of the Netherlands Geheugenvannederland.nl
Memory of the Netherlands
8.Memory of the Netherlands Geheugenvannederland.nl
Memory of the Netherlands
Metadata and image get about same amount of
attention
“visual catalogue”
8.Memory of the Netherlands Geheugenvannederland.nl
Memory of the Netherlands
Joint effort
Hosted by KB 100 content partners
133 collections
8.Memory of the Netherlands Geheugenvannederland.nl
Memory of the Netherlands
7.Memory of the Netherlands Geheugenvannederland.nl
8.Memory of the Netherlands Geheugenvannederland.nl Dutch cultural heritage media database
• Content/UX: “Visual catalogue” : metadata + low/mid-res
images, sounds, videos
• Content domains: museum, archive, library, AV
• Run by: non-commercial institution (KB)
• Content partners: Institutional - 100 Dutch GLAMs
• User involvement: none; “See what we GLAMs have” (Web1.0)
Further reading • http://www.archimuse.com/publishing/ichim03/073C.pdf
9. Europeana europeana.eu
9. Europeana europeana.eu
Metadata and image get about same amount of
attention
“visual catalogue”
9. Europeana europeana.eu
9. Europeana europeana.eu
Joint effort
100s content providers from Europe
9. Europeana europeana.eu European cultural heritage aggregator
• Content/UX: “Visual catalogue”: metadata + low/mid-res
images (sounds, videos, texts)
• Content domains: museum, archive, library, AV
• Run by: non-commercial organisation (Europeana Foundation), with voice from content partners
• Content partners: Institutional - 100s of European GLAMs
• User involvement: none; “See what we have” (Web1.0)
Further reading • http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0264-
0473&volume=27&issue=6&articleid=1827227&show=pdf • https://liber.library.uu.nl/index.php/lq/article/download/URN%3ANBN%3ANL%3AUI%3A10-1-
113558/8239 • http://pro.europeana.eu
10. Flickr The Commons flickr.com/commons
Joint effort
10s content providers worldwide
10. Flickr The Commons flickr.com/commons
10. Flickr The Commons flickr.com/commons
Focus on visual, page doesn’t feel “metadata-y”
10. Flickr The Commons flickr.com/commons
10. Flickr The Commons flickr.com/commons
10. Flickr The Commons flickr.com/commons
Web2.0 “Wisdom of the crowd”
Crowd-curation Folksonomy
10. Flickr The Commons flickr.com/commons
Web2.0 “Wisdom of the crowd”
Crowd-curation Folksonomy
Crowd-curated open photo archive • Content/UX: Rights-free rich visuals: mid/hi-res images,
metadata secondary
• Content domain: library, archive, museum
• Run by: commercial company (Yahoo)
• Content partners: Institutional - 10s GLAMs worldwide
• User involvement: some; users can contribute comments, tags etc. (“Web1.5”)
Further reading • http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/flickr_report_final.pdf • http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/technology/internet/19link.html?_r=1&partner=permalink
&exprod=permalink • http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v010/10.2.vaughan.pdf
11. Rijksmuseum rijksmuseum.nl
125,000 rights-free ultra hi-res images
11. Rijksmuseum rijksmuseum.nl
Focus on hi-res images Metadata “almost invisible”
11. Rijksmuseum rijksmuseum.nl
125,000 rights free images re-usable
for everbody, everywhere
Rijksstudio Pinterest meets RM-
collection
http://mw2013.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/rijksstudio-make-your-own-masterpiece/
11.a Rijksstudio rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio
Rijksstudio Pinterest meets RM-
collection
11.a Rijksstudio rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio
Crowd-curation discovering cross-collection
themes
11.a Rijksstudio rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio
Crowd-curation: discovering cross-collection themes
11. Rijksstudio rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio Free hi-res artworks photo database
• Content/UX: Rights-free ultra hi-res images, metadata “under
the hood”
• Content domain: museum
• Run by: non-commercial institution (Rijksmuseum)
• Content partners: none, own RM-collection
• User involvement: some, via Rijksstudio: users can create Pinterest-like boards, incl. user-curation (“Web1.5”)
Further reading • http://mw2013.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/rijksstudio-make-your-own-
masterpiece/
OK, so far for the 11 DL-examples….
I did not choose them randomly…
Let’s use their properties as input for some plots…
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
“Dressed-up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
1. Content/Presentation/UX What does the DL look & feel like?
KB Catalogue
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
KB Catalogue
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
KB Catalogue
Flickr The Commons
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
KB Catalogue Flickr The Commons
Flickr The Commons
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
KB Catalogue
Rijksmuseum/studio
KB Catalogue
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
KB Catalogue
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
Europeana
KB Catalogue
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
Europeana
KB Catalogue
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
Europeana
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
KB Catalogue
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
Europeana Digital Library for Dutch Literature
KB Catalogue Digital Library for Dutch Literature
LibraryThing
Europeana
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
KB Catalogue Digital Library for Dutch Literature
LibraryThing
Europeana
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
Memory of the Netherlands
KB Catalogue Digital Library for Dutch Literature
LibraryThing
Europeana
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
Memory of the Netherlands Delpher
KB Catalogue Digital Library for Dutch Literature
LibraryThing
Europeana
Memory of the Netherlands
Rijksmuseum/studio
“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual
“all about full-texts”
Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face
Google books
Project Gutenberg
Wikisource
Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”
Flickr The Commons
Delpher
2. Domain of content Which CH-domain(s) contribute to the DL?
Archives documents
Cross-domain Content from libraries, museums and archives
Libraries publications
Museums artefacts
Libraries publications
Museums artefacts
Archives documents
Cross-domain Content from libraries, museums and archives
Rijksmuseum/studio
KB Catalogue
LibraryThing
Google books
Digital Library for
Dutch Literature
Project Gutenberg
Libraries publications
Museums artefacts
Archives documents
Cross-domain Content from libraries, museums and archives
Rijksmuseum/studio
Delpher
KB Catalogue
LibraryThing
Google books
Digital Library for
Dutch Literature
Project Gutenberg
Wikisource
Libraries publications
Museums artefacts
Archives documents
Cross-domain Content from libraries, museums and archives
Rijksmuseum/studio
Delpher
KB Catalogue
LibraryThing
Europeana
Memory of the Netherlands
Flickr The Commons Google books
Digital Library for
Dutch Literature
Project Gutenberg
Wikisource
Libraries publications
Museums artefacts
Archives documents
Cross-domain Content from libraries, museums and archives
Rijksmuseum/studio
Delpher
International National Dutch
3. Geo scope What’s the geographical scope of the DL?
Continental European
Local/regional
Memory of the Netherlands
Rijksstudio
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
International Local/regional National Dutch
Continental European
Delpher
Europeana
Memory of the Netherlands
Rijksstudio
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
International Local/regional National Dutch
Continental European
Delpher
LibraryThing Europeana
Flickr The Commons
Google books
Project Gutenberg
Wikisource
International Local/regional National Dutch
Continental European
Memory of the Netherlands
Rijksstudio
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Delpher
User content “We are nothing without contributions from our users”
Institutional content “We do it ourself, we show off our own content” (no partner content, no user generated content)
4. Collaboration between content partners
Who provides content & value for our DL?
Partner content “We add value by collaboration, we need & show content from our institutional partners”
Web2.0: “Users add value”
KB Catalogue
Rijksmuseum/studio
User content “We are nothing without contributions from our users”
Institutional content “We do it ourself, we show off our own content” (no partner content, no user generated content)
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Partner content “We add value by collaboration, we need & show content from our institutional partners”
KB Catalogue Europeana
Memory of the Netherlands Rijksmuseum
/studio
User content “We are nothing without contributions from our users”
Institutional content “We do it ourself, we show off our own content” (no partner content, no user generated content)
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Partner content “We add value by collaboration, we need & show content from our institutional partners”
Delpher
KB Catalogue LibraryThing
Europeana
Memory of the Netherlands
Wikisource Rijksmuseum/studio
User content “We are nothing without contributions from our users”
Institutional content “We do it ourself, we show off our own content” (no partner content, no user generated content)
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Partner content “We add value by collaboration, we need & show content from our institutional partners”
Delpher
KB Catalogue LibraryThing
Europeana
Memory of the Netherlands
Wikisource
Flickr The Commons
Rijksmuseum/studio
User content “We are nothing without contributions from our users”
Institutional content “We do it ourself, we show off our own content” (no partner content, no user generated content)
Project Gutenberg
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Google books
Partner content “We add value by collaboration, we need & show content from our institutional partners”
Delpher
Institution(s) in control and (very) nervous about user contributions
5. Control Who decides how the DL develops?
User-controlled The community is in control, no need for institutions
Web2.0: “Radical trust”
Users can contribute, we trust them, but institution/company keeps control
Users can contribute, we trust them, but institution/company keeps control
KB Catalogue
Europeana
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Memory of the Netherlands
Delpher
User-controlled The community is in control, no need for institutions
Institution(s) in control and (very) nervous about user contributions
Users can contribute, we trust them, but institution/company keeps control
KB Catalogue Wikisource
Europeana
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Memory of the Netherlands
User-controlled The community is in control, no need for institutions
Institution(s) in control and (very) nervous about user contributions
Delpher
Users can contribute, we trust them, but institution/company keeps control
KB Catalogue Wikisource
Europeana
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Memory of the Netherlands
Flickr The Commons
LibraryThing
User-controlled The community is in control, no need for institutions
Rijksmuseum/studio
Institution(s) in control and (very) nervous about user contributions
Project Gutenberg
Google books
Delpher
6. Openness Can others reuse, revise, remix, redistribute the DL content?
Web2.0: “Some rights reserved”
Closed, © You can only use our content for personal use or non-commercial research purposes
Fully open You can do anything you like with our content, no conditions apply
Part closed, part open Part of content is public domain, other part is ©
Creative Commons You can remix and share under certain conditions
6. Openness Can others reuse, revise, remix, redistribute the DL content?
Web2.0: “Some rights reserved”
Closed, © You can only use our content for personal use or non-commercial research purposes
Fully open You can do anything you like with our content, no conditions apply
Part closed, part open Part of content is public domain, other part is ©
Creative Commons You can remix and share under certain conditions
Further reading • “The 4 Rs” - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content • Open culture - http://www.ciac.ca/en/open-culture-definition-en
KB Catalogue
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Closed, © You can only use our content for personal use or non-commercial research purposes
Fully open You can do anything you like with our content, no conditions apply
Part closed, part open Part of content is public domain, other part is ©
Creative Commons You can remix and share under certain conditions
KB Catalogue
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Rijksmuseum/studio
Closed, © You can only use our content for personal use or non-commercial research purposes
Fully open You can do anything you like with our content, no conditions apply
Part closed, part open Part of content is public domain, other part is ©
Creative Commons You can remix and share under certain conditions
Flickr The Commons
Europeana (metadata)
Project Gutenberg
KB Catalogue
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Rijksmuseum/studio
Closed, © You can only use our content for personal use or non-commercial research purposes
Fully open You can do anything you like with our content, no conditions apply
Part closed, part open Part of content is public domain, other part is ©
Creative Commons You can remix and share under certain conditions
Flickr The Commons
Memory of the Netherlands
Europeana (metadata)
Project Gutenberg
KB Catalogue
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Rijksmuseum/studio
Closed, © You can only use our content for personal use or non-commercial research purposes
Fully open You can do anything you like with our content, no conditions apply
Google books
Part closed, part open Part of content is public domain, other part is ©
Creative Commons You can remix and share under certain conditions
Delpher
Flickr The Commons
Memory of the Netherlands
Wikisource (CC-BY-SA)
Europeana (metadata)
Project Gutenberg
KB Catalogue
Digital Library for Dutch Literature
Rijksmuseum/studio
Closed, © You can only use our content for personal use or non-commercial research purposes
Fully open You can do anything you like with our content, no conditions apply
Part closed, part open Part of content is public domain, other part is ©
Creative Commons You can remix and share under certain conditions
Google books
Delpher
These plots represent some
trends in DL-development
Past Present
1.0 2.0
“Not” “Hot”
CONCEPT PAST PRESENT
Content – Presentation - UX
Metadata in your face - “Raw” library catalogue - No / low-res images
Objects in your face - Full-texts & OCR - Hi-res images - Metadata “under the hood”
Collaboration between institutions
Single institution Institutions do it themselves, no partners
Multiple institutions Institutions realize they stand stronger with partners
Collaboration between domains
Single domain Institutions collaborate within own domain
Single & cross-domain Institutions also collaborate outside own domain, are aware of added value cross-domain approach can bring
Geo-scope of DL Local Scope is local (regional, national), unaware of bigger world
‘Global village’ Local initiatives & services are aware of the bigger world, and their roles within it
User contribution Institutions add content & value - 1-directional institutional broadcasting - Users are passive consumers
Users also add content & value - Users are creators - Harnassing collective intellligence, crowd-curation, folksonomy
Control Institution(s) in control The wishes of our users are scary and complex, we know what’s best for them
User voice heard Our users are our co-developers, they give us valuable input how we should develop our DL
Openness of content (reuse, revise, remix, redistribute)
Closed - You can use our content yourself, but you can’t build upon it - © , All rights reserved
Open - We propagate sharing & remixing our content, as far as legitimate rightholders are not harmed - Creative Commons
1.0
1.0
1
.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
OK, now we have at least some understanding of
basic concepts and trends in DLs…
In terms of
we’ve just looked at…
Let’s now look at 3 less directly visible ingredients
of DLs
strategy
What I’m trying to say here:
DL webservices don’t just run by themselves, it
takes organisation, management & strategy
to build them, keep ‘m running and make ‘m grow….
Let’s look at (only) one trend in this field…
Content & brand distribution trend
Content & brand distribution trend
Less “Come to daddy” More “Dressing up as pandas”
http://communist812.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/come-to-daddy-2.jpg
We GLAMS expect people to take the trouble to leave their trusted online hang-outs to visit our little, geeky, not-so-sexy
DL-sites, to consume our DL-content, services & brand
http://communist812.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/come-to-daddy-2.jpg
We GLAMS expect people to take the trouble to leave their trusted online hang-outs to visit our little, geeky, not-so-sexy
DL-sites, to consume our DL-content, services & brand We have to make an awful lot of noise (=institutional marketing) to make people like our little boutique
On the modern web (most) DL-sites are niche market “boutiques” with relatively local
or specialized audiences
… but honestly, often we’re just too small
for that..
http://communist812.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/come-to-daddy-2.jpg
We (ie. GLAMs) expect people to take the trouble to leave their trusted online hang-outs to visit our little, geeky, not-so-sexy
DL-site, to consume our DL-content & brand We have to make an awful lot of noise (=institutional marketing) to try to make people like our little, geeky, not-so-sexy DL-site & brand
http://www.collaboration-incontext.com/2006/12/enterprise_20_t.html
Web2.0:
“The long tail”
We GLAMs know the big, cool, popular platforms & communities normal people use in their daily lives (Google, Youtube, social networks, Wikipedia, App stores, etc.)
Mass markets “Department stores” with global audiences
(head of long tail)
We GLAMs know the big, cool, popular platforms & communities normal people use in their daily lives (Google, Youtube, social networks, Wikipedia, App stores, etc.)
Because we realize most normal people won’t take the trouble to come to our little,
geeky, not-so-sexy DL-site, we have to find a … Most people go to
dept. stores instead of boutiques
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1336070/Why-Chinese-scientists-dressing-Panda-suits-fool-bear-cubs.html
We GLAMs know the big, cool, popular platforms & communities normal people use in their daily lives (Google, Youtube, social networks, Wikipedia, App stores, etc.)
Because we realize most normal people won’t take the trouble to come to our little,
geeky, not-so-sexy DL-site, we have to find a … Cunning trick! We “dress up as pandas” to seamlessly fit into the existing platforms, communities and workflows, so we can more easily distribute our niche DL-content, services & brand to global audiences In addition to traditional marketing, we also rely on mouth-to-mouth 2.0 to make our niche DL-content, services & brand known and liked
We set up in-store boutiques!
Some dressing up styles of GLAMS
1. Search engine optimisation (dressing up to be liked by Google)
• Collaboration with Wikipedia
(dressing up to be liked by curious people)
• Social content sharing (Flickr, Pinterest..)
(dressing up to be visually liked)
• Ego networks (Facebook, Twitter ..)
(dressing up to be seen & gossiped about)
• Offering APIs (dressing up to be liked by businesses & developers)
Some dressing up styles of GLAMS
http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs71/i/2013/118/2/4/google_in_a_dress_by_wingsade-d63g1ce.png
Further reading • What is SEO? - http://searchengineland.com/guide/what-is-seo • What’s the problem? - http://jpwilkin.blogspot.nl/2011/01/our-hidden-digital-libraries-july-27.html • SEO and metadata - http://eprints.rclis.org/13518/1/AD_Google.doc.pdf • Best paractices - http://www.libsuccess.org/Search_Engine_Optimization_%28SEO%29
1. Search engine optimisation (dressing up to be liked by Google)
2. Collaboration with Wikipedia
(dressing up to be liked by curious people)
• Social content sharing (Flickr, Pinterest..)
(dressing up to be visually liked)
• Ego networks (Facebook, Twitter ..)
(dressing up to be seen & gossiped about)
• Offering APIs (dressing up to be liked by businesses & developers)
Some dressing up styles of GLAMS
http://partnersinexcellenceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/curious.jpg
Which information sources does NL use most? (*)
• Google: 82%
• Wikipedia: 52%
• Books and libraries: 1%
* http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/nl/d/d6/Z1676_Vereniging_Wikimedia_Nederland_rp03.pdf (in Dutch, slide 34)
70% of Dutch people use Wikipedia
More than 35% use it weekly
(Digital) libraries can reach significantly larger audiences by
exposing their materials on Wikipedia
KB manuscripts case study
Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts manuscripts.kb.nl
Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts manuscripts.kb.nl
Wikipedia in German
Wikipedia in French
Wikipedia in Bavarian
Wikipedia in Hungarian
Wikipedia in Russian
Wikipedia in Chinese
Wikipedia in Korean
This baker image is not the only image from KB that is used on Wikipedia.
In total KB offers 776 images for Wikipedia
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Library,_The_Hague
Using Wikipedia, these images are seen all over the world
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CountryWorldMap_LangaugeVersionsWikipediaContainingKBImages_30092013.png#file
This maps shows the countries (red) in which Wikipedia articles containing images related to the National library of the Netherlands (KB) have been consulted (dd 30-9-2013)
Some statistics on the KB manuscripts (*)
This site contains 11.141 images
* http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/Koninklijke_Bibliotheek_en_Nationaal_Archief/Resultaten/KPIs/KPI8/CasestudyKBManuscripten#Impact_Wikipedia_:_casestudy_KB-manuscripten (in Dutch) ** 1 july - 30 sept 2013
In 3 months (**) these 11.141 images were seen in 33.324 page views
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Library,_The_Hague,_manuscripts
Of these 11.141 images, (only) 163 are used in
Wikipedia articles
In the same 3 months these 163 images were seen in 2.336.000 (!) Wikipedia article views
Some statistics on the KB manuscripts (*)
BANG!!
1. Search engine optimisation (dressing up to be liked by Google)
2. Collaboration with Wikipedia
(dressing up to be liked by curious people)
3. Social content sharing (Flickr, Pinterest..)
(dressing up to be visually liked)
• Ego networks (Facebook, Twitter ..)
(dressing up to be seen & gossiped about)
• Offering APIs (dressing up to be liked by businesses & developers)
Some dressing up styles of GLAMS
http://tweakers.net/ext/f/ABh9LXs58VV9cBY3VnMBvbLf/full.jpg
http://www.pinterest.com/amlibraries/featured-digital-libraries
http://www.pinterest.com/britishlibrary/
http://www.pinterest.com/amlibraries/featured-digital-libraries
http://www.pinterest.com/uscdiglib/
http://www.pinterest.com/amlibraries/featured-digital-libraries
http://www.pinterest.com/uscdiglib/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/imlsdcc/sets/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/koninklijkebibliotheek/sets/
1. Search engine optimisation (dressing up to be liked by Google)
2. Collaboration with Wikipedia
(dressing up to be liked by curious people)
3. Social content sharing (Flickr, Pinterest..)
(dressing up to be visually liked)
4. Ego networks (Facebook, Twitter ..)
(dressing up to be seen, gossiped and liked)
• Offering APIs (dressing up to be liked by businesses & developers)
Some dressing up styles of GLAMS
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fGneNjF84zM/TZTAzh8wd6I/AAAAAAAAGCc/jWh3C5gk6LI/s1600/gossip1.jpg
Screenshot of feed of @ookgezellig 23-11-2013@00:33
“seamlessly fit into people’s exisitng workflows”
Mouth-to-mouth gossip about Delpher.nl - Screenshot 23-11-2013@01:53
Tweets about Delpher.nl - Screenshot 23-11-2013@01:53
1. Search engine optimisation (dressing up to be liked by Google)
2. Collaboration with Wikipedia
(dressing up to be liked by curious people)
3. Social content sharing (Flickr, Pinterest..)
(dressing up to be visually liked)
4. Ego networks (Facebook, Twitter ..)
(dressing up to be seen & gossiped about)
5. Offering APIs (dressing up to be liked by businesses & developers)
Some dressing up styles of GLAMS
http://media.edge-online.com/wp-content/uploads/edgeonline/2012/10/journodevswap.jpg
My DACH 2014 lecture
OK, that was about it!
.. but please let me update the trends table for you!
CONCEPT PAST PRESENT
Geo-scope of DL Local Scope is local (regional, national), unaware of bigger world
‘Global village’ Local initiatives & services are aware of the bigger world, and their roles within it
User contribution Institutions add content & value - 1-directional institutional broadcasting - Users are passive consumers
Users also add content & value - Users are creators - Harnassing collective intellligence, crowd-curation, folksonomy
Control Institution(s) in control The wishes of our users are scary and complex, we know what’s best for them
User voice heard Our users are our co-developers, they give us valuable input how we should develop our DL
Openness of content (reuse, revise, remix, redistribute)
Closed - You can use our content yourself, but you can’t build upon it - © , All rights reserved
Open - We propagate sharing & remixing our content, as far as legitimate rightholders are not harmed - Creative Commons
Content distribution
“Come to daddy” - People need to visit our website - Niche-markets reached
“Dressing up as pandas” - DL-content/services/brand embedded in user’s daily workflows - Niche and global audiences reached
1.0
1
.0
1
.0
1.0
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
THANKS!
olaf.janssen@kb.nl @ookgezellig slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL
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