Innovation In Services And Business Models

john wilbankscreative commons / science commons

Open Innovation, Institutional Policy, and the Digital Commons

10 november 2008haas school of business

knowledge gapsprocess failures

transaction costslost opportunities

knowledge gapsprocess failures

transaction costslost opportunities

is the answer more products?

the discovery process:

the discovery process:

thanks to the products, we already know a lot...

we need process innovationsto match product innovations.

collaborative workflowsstandard data formatscollaboration software

secure legal frameworks

we need process innovationsto match product innovations.

most products advance incrementally

business model: sell more, faster, cheaper

business model: sell more, faster, cheaper

does the ability to ask more questions, faster, lead us to more

knowledge or just more data?

what’s different about communications and computers?

1. we know stuff.

1. we know stuff.2. open networks.

physical

code

content

1.

the “digital commons” represents a methodology to bring network externalities to the sciences

“the commons”

knowledge rights

“digital commons”

interoperabilitylow transaction costslaw and technology

user interface to copyright

140,000,000+ digital objects online under our licenses

licenses “ported” to 45+ countries

integrated with Google, Yahoo, Firefox, Microsoft Office...

physical

code

content

physical

code

content

innovation

2.

the digital commons is a innovation-friendly way to manage data,

materials, and content for science.

“think market”

project development

funding

pro bono

community

“do no harm”

“running code”

early focus on life sciencesexploring climate change, geospatial, elsewhere

what would move via the science network?

Open AccessResearch Tools

making the tacit knowledge encoded in materials and data available at high speed and low

transaction costs.

user interface to technology transfer

core contract grants the right to do research

“one-click” for DNA and

materials

ibridge

build offer through simple set of choices(post-authentication)

Scientist readable

Lawyer readable

Machine readable

service opportunity:

amazon, e-bay, paypal, shipping, materials prep

“one-click” for clinical data

service opportunity:

data cleaning, data integration, data analytics,

“virtual” clinical trials, storage, escrow, etc.

Open Access Content

making knowledge legally and technically available for re-use and composition into new knowledge.

we use digital tools to replicate paper technology

© creative expression

© ideas or facts

e=mc2

the container, not the facts.

the container, not the facts.

but © locks the container.

IGFBP-5 plays a role in the regulation of cellular senescence via a p53-dependent pathway and in aging-associated vascular diseases

IGFBP-5 plays a role in the regulation of cellular senescence via a p53-dependent pathway and in aging-associated vascular diseases

http://orpheus-1.ucsd.edu/acq/license/cdlelsevier2004.pdf

indexing: disallowed.

image from the public library of sciencelicensed to the public under CC-BY 3.0

>1000 journals under CC

c

service opportunity:

enhanced publishing, document markup,

literature-data integration, indexing and search

3.

we have to build infrastructure for data into the web of documents that we have.

solves the legal problem

but not the container problem.

web 2.0, science 3.0, what about making Google work better?

over 200years at

one paper/day

what you want is a list of genes.

not a list of documents.

building a web for data:the “semantic web”

Web page Web pagelinks to

making computers understand links between documents

drinking coffee feel awakecauses

making computers understand relationships between concepts

drink coffee feel awakecauses

drinking coffee feel awakecauses

http://ontology.foo.org/drinking coffee http://ontology.foo.org/feel awake http://ontology.foo.org/receptor

http://ontology.foo.org/causes

192.168.1.1

we need a Domain Name System for concepts:

http://sciencecommons.org

coffee http://ontology.foo.org/coffee

coffee

“coffee”

“cafe”

“kopi” http://ontology.foo.org/coffee

use the web to integrate information from different places and different names

bed

get out of bed

get out of beddrink coffee

open eyes

located atlast subevent

first subevent

after

drink

coffee

wet

cup

is a

property ofoften near

make coffee

is for

subevent

feel awake

person

feel jittery

does not wantwants

causes

causes

pour coffee pick up cupafter after

cafe

sugar

often near

located in

(too much work for coffee)

(distributed, networked approaches start to look pretty good)

Open SourceData Integration

formatting digital knowledge into modular building blocks for

composition into new knowledge.

e pluribus unum.

500,000,000+ RDF “triples”pre-formatted queries

pathway analytic software donated by MLNMuses $5,000 of off-the-shelf hardwarebundled with open source triple store

download, mirror, fork.http://neurocommons.org

uses:

“DNS for life sciences”enhanced document markupmodular data distributions

prefix go: <http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#>prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>

prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>prefix mesh: <http://purl.org/commons/record/mesh/>

prefix sc: <http://purl.org/science/owl/sciencecommons/>prefix ro: <http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/ro.owl#>

select ?genename ?processnamewhere

{ graph <http://purl.org/commons/hcls/pubmesh> { ?paper ?p mesh:D017966 .

?article sc:identified_by_pmid ?paper. ?gene sc:describes_gene_or_gene_product_mentioned_by ?article.

} graph <http://purl.org/commons/hcls/goa>

{ ?protein rdfs:subClassOf ?res. ?res owl:onProperty ro:has_function.

?res owl:someValuesFrom ?res2. ?res2 owl:onProperty ro:realized_as.

?res2 owl:someValuesFrom ?process. graph <http://purl.org/commons/hcls/20070416/classrelations>

{{?process <http://purl.org/obo/owl/obo#part_of> go:GO_0007166} union

{?process rdfs:subClassOf go:GO_0007166 }} ?protein rdfs:subClassOf ?parent.

?parent owl:equivalentClass ?res3. ?res3 owl:hasValue ?gene.

} graph <http://purl.org/commons/hcls/gene>

{ ?gene rdfs:label ?genename } graph <http://purl.org/commons/hcls/20070416>

{ ?process rdfs:label ?processname}}

Mesh: Pyramidal Neurons

Pubmed: Journal Articles

Entrez Gene: Genes

GO: Signal Transduction

get precise answers out of existing databases and resources

DRD1, 1812 adenylate cyclase activationADRB2, 154 adenylate cyclase activationADRB2, 154 arrestin mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayDRD1IP, 50632 dopamine receptor signaling pathwayDRD1, 1812 dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathwayDRD2, 1813 dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathwayGRM7, 2917 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayGNG3, 2785 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayGNG12, 55970 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayDRD2, 1813 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayADRB2, 154 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayCALM3, 808 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayHTR2A, 3356 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathwayDRD1, 1812 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerSSTR5, 6755 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMTNR1A, 4543 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerCNR2, 1269 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerHTR6, 3362 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerGRIK2, 2898 glutamate signaling pathwayGRIN1, 2902 glutamate signaling pathwayGRIN2A, 2903 glutamate signaling pathwayGRIN2B, 2904 glutamate signaling pathwayADAM10, 102 integrin-mediated signaling pathwayGRM7, 2917 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activityLRP1, 4035 negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathwayADAM10, 102 Notch receptor processingASCL1, 429 Notch signaling pathwayHTR2A, 3356 serotonin receptor signaling pathwayADRB2, 154 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation (dimerization)PTPRG, 5793 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathwayEPHA4, 2043 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathwayNRTN, 4902 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathwayCTNND1, 1500 Wnt receptor signaling pathway`

http://hcls1.csail.mit.edu:8890/sparql/?query=prefix%20go%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fobo%2Fowl%2FGO%23%3E%0Aprefix%20rdfs%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2F01%2Frdf-schema%23%3E%0Aprefix%20owl%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2002%2F07%2Fowl%23%3E%0Aprefix%20mesh%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Frecord%2Fmesh%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20sc%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fscience%2Fowl%2Fsciencecommons%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20ro%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.obofoundry.org%2Fro%2Fro.owl%23%3E%0A%0Aselect%20%3Fgenename%20%3Fprocessname%0Awhere%0A%7B%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2Fpubmesh%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%3Fpaper%20%3Fp%20mesh%3AD017966%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Farticle%20sc%3Aidentified_by_pmid%20%3Fpaper.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fgene%20sc%3Adescribes_gene_or_gene_product_mentioned_by%20%3Farticle.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2Fgoa%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%3Fprotein%20rdfs%3AsubClassOf%20%3Fres.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres%20owl%3AonProperty%20ro%3Ahas_function.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres%20owl%3AsomeValuesFrom%20%3Fres2.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres2%20owl%3AonProperty%20ro%3Arealized_as.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres2%20owl%3AsomeValuesFrom%20%3Fprocess.%0A%20%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2F20070416%2Fclassrelations%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%7B%3Fprocess%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fobo%2Fowl%2Fobo%23part_of%3E%20go%3AGO_0007166%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20union%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%3Fprocess%20rdfs%3AsubClassOf%20go%3AGO_0007166%20%7D%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fprotein%20rdfs%3AsubClassOf%20%3Fparent.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fparent%20owl%3AequivalentClass%20%3Fres3.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres3%20owl%3AhasValue%20%3Fgene.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2Fgene%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%3Fgene%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3Fgenename%20%7D%0A%20%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2F20070416%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%3Fprocess%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3Fprocessname%7D%0A%7D&format=&maxrows=50

transforms complex queries into links

transforms complex queries into links

“While brain maps until now have been similar to a traditional encyclopedia, the Allen Brain Atlas is more like Google Earth.”

“mashups” in science

open systems do things you don’t expect, that are occasionally more valuable...

service opportunity:

distribution and services, database conversion, ontology creation,

namespace servers, registries

they’re coming.

changes from a guild culture of knowledge

physical

code

content

knowledge

wilbanks@creativecommons.org

http://sciencecommons.org