Impairments and Disability: Points for Discussion

Impairments and Disability: Discussion Points March 17, 2012 1

Impairments and Disability:Discussion Points

Paul Edward MuegoPhilippine Coordinating Center for Inclusive Development, Inc.

Presented to the 2nd year class of social work students at the Philippine Christian University last March 17, 2012

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• Our office started in 2004 as the cbm Community-Based Rehabilitation Coordination Office with the aim “to promote CBR as the main strategy for the delivery of educational, rehabilitation and medical services, together with work aimed at promoting greater inclusion and participation.”

• July 30, 2013, eighteen people from diverse fields and backgrounds were invited to be the founding incorporators of a “new” organization to take the place of the cbm CBR CO.

• The Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission formally recognized the new organization in November 22, 2013: the Philippine Coordinating Center for Inclusive Development, Inc.

better communities for everyone

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“The few own the many because they possess the

means of livelihood of all ... The country is governed

for the richest, for the corporations, the bankers, the

land speculators, and for the exploiters of labor. The

majority of mankind are working people. So long as

their fair demands - the ownership and control of their

livelihoods - are set at naught, we can have neither

men's rights nor women's rights. The majority of

mankind is ground down by industrial oppression in

order that the small remnant may live in ease.”

- Helen Keller

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Who? Where? What?!#%

• “In Brgy. 462, a group of W, M, C, Y, UP, FFs, OPs, Ls and PWDs were having a meeting.”

• Does this make sense?

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PWD? Pilay na Walang Dangal?!

• “PWD” can mean a variety of things!

• Use person with disability not PWD

• Language reflects and shapes the way we view the world.

• Words we use influence community attitudes, both positively and negatively, and impact on the lives of others.

Source: http://www.pwd.org.au/students/terminology.html

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Why do we behave like this?

• Culture of:“intolerance

to differences”

“exclusion”“quick fix”“shortcuts”

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As such…

• Other people decide things for persons with disabilities without their participation

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KEY CONCEPTS

Exploring the UNCRPD & Philippine CBR Manual: An Inclusive Development Strategy

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Key Concepts:Impairments

• Impairments—of functions of:

PhysicalMental IntellectualSensory

Long termSource: UN CRPD, 2006

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Some Causes of Impairments

• Extreme poverty as manifested in situations like:

Malnutrition Overcrowding Lack of access to

information, safe water, health and social services

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Some Causes of Impairments

• Goitre, ear infection, cataract• Diabetes & cardio vascular diseases• Unsafe environments • Natural disasters• Armed conflict

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Key Concepts:Disability

• Disability— Result of interaction

between persons with impairments and attitudinal/ environmental barriers

Hinders full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.

Source: UN CRPD, 2006

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Thus…

• Disability is not due to functional impairments, but rather due to societal factors—attitudinal, institutional, and environmental barriers

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Key Concepts:CBR Principles (UNCRPD General Principles)

• Inclusion• Participation• Self-Advocacy• Sustainability• Equal Opportunity• Accessibility

Source: Philippine CBR Manual, 2009

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DEMOGRAPHIC DATAQuick Glance at Statistics

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Global Population Estimate

• WHO: persons with disabilities make up an estimated 10% of the world’s population, 80% of which reside in developing countries.

Source: http://www.e-include.eu/

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Local population of persons with disability

• 2000 National Population Census:

942,0001.23% of total

population• 2011 National

Household Targeting System:

302,421

Source: www.ncda.gov.ph

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Geographic information

• 70% of people with disability live in rural areas (& poor communities)

• 4.5 million Filipinos with disability are not receiving the essential services they need

Source: Asian Development Bank, 2005/NCDA, 2005

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Related statistics

• 2008:Out of 2.7 million Filipino children with disability of school age, only 78,144 are allowed to attend school.

Source: Department of Education

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Related statistics

• 2005: Of the total population of persons with disabilities, 57.12% are employed; 62.95% were males & 37.05% were females.

Source: NSO 2005

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LEGISLATIONS, ISSUANCES

Those who have less… have laws, (only)?!

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International Commitments

• United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Signed: 9-25-2007 Ratified: 4-15-2008

• UDHR, UN CRC, MDGs, etc.

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Local Laws, Issuances

• RA No. 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons)

• RA No. 9442• BP Blg. 344• Joint Circular No.

2003-01 (DBM, DSWD)

• EO 437 (CBR)

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Laws & community realities

• The gap between what the laws say and what reality actually is… well, that is another thing...

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EXISTING PROGRAMS & SERVICES

Using the CBR Matrix to examine

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Like everybody else…

• People with disabilities have different needs and different situations

• They too need access to food, healthcare, education, livelihood, and even marriage & relationships… like everybody else

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The CBR Matrix

GOAL: HUMAN RIGHTS—INCLUSIVE SOCIETY

GUIDING PRINCIPLES: PARTICIPATION, INCLUSION, SUSTAINABILITY, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, ACCESSIBILITY, SELF ADVOCACY

HEALTH EDUCATION LIVELIHOOD SOCIAL EMPOWER-MENT

PROMOTION

PREVENTION

MEDICAL CARE

REHABILITATION

ASSISTIVE DEVICES

EARLY CHILDHOOD

PRIMARY

SECONDARY & HIGHER

NON-FORMAL

LIFELONG LEARNING

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

SELF EMPLOYMENT

FINANCIAL SERVICES

EMPLOYMENT

SOCIAL PROTECTION

RELATIONSHIIP, MARRIAGE, & FAMILY

PERSONAL ASSISTANCE

CULTURE/ARTS

LEISURE/ SPORTS

JUSTICE

COMMUNIICA-TION

SOCIAL MOBILIZATION

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

SELF HELP GROUP

DPOs

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CBR Components

EDUCATION

SOCIAL

HEALTH

LIVELIHOODEMPOWERMENT

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IMPLICATIONS OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

TIDES OF TRANSFORMATION

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Challenges

• Poverty in rural and urban areas

• Corruption, misuse of government funds

• Environmental-related disasters, and

• Armed conflict, among others

are expected to increase the number of persons with impairments

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Facing the challenges

• Based on the principles of SELF ADVOCACY and PARTICIPATION persons with disabilities, through their Disabled Peoples’ Organizations, are at the heart of CBR. 

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Organizing & Strengthening DPOs

• DPOs, organized based on their collective goal to live life to the full, are:

Working with local government, support institutions, and other organizations

Ensuring that their needs and rights, and that of the whole community, are met, ensured and protected.

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Challenge for social workers

• Be true to facilitative role

• Helping persons with disabilities must be done in the community development way:

• Defining development together with the people, most especially the excluded;

• Starting from where they are and building on what they have; and

• Helping them in their continuing capability building, empowerment and self reliance.

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Some Reference Materials:

1. UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

2. WHO CBR Guidelines3. Philippine CBR Manual4. WHO 2011 Report on

Disability5. Universal Declaration of

Human Rights6. RA No. 7277 (Magna Carta for

Disabled Persons) and RA No. 9442 (ammendment)

7. BP Blg. 344 (Accessibility Law)

8. EO 437 (Encouraging LGUs to use CBR)

• Contact us:Philippine Coordinating Center for Inclusive Development, Inc.Unit 101 Erisha CondominiumNo. 1142 P. Ocampo Street corner Dian Street1004 Malate, Manila

Tel. No. (02) 522 4429cbmcbrph@pldtdsl.netpccidinc@gmail.comwww.pccid.org