How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors

To what extent has Mahbub ul Haq influenced our

view of world develop-

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson I will…

Assess how the inter-related nature of factors affecting development have been interpreted by Geographers

Physical Ecologists

EnvironmentalDeterminism

PoliticalEconomists

InterdisciplinaryScience

Physical environment sets lim-its on human social develop-ment

Place determines suc-cess because the cli-mate sets peoples attitudes

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

The frequent

variability in the

weather of the

middle latitudes led

to more determined

and driven work

ethics

Tropical climates were said to cause laziness, relaxed attitudes and promiscuity,

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

How would this place limit

human social development?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Resources?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Resources? Attitudes?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Construc-

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Construc-

Religion?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Resources?

Water?

Attitudes?

Construc-

Religion?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Resources?

Water?

Attitudes?

Construc-

Religion?

Minerals?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Resources?

Water?

Attitudes?

Construc-

Religion?

Agriculture?

Minerals?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Resources?

Water?

Attitudes?

Construc-

Religion?

Agriculture?

Minerals? Trade Part-

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Resources?

Water?

Attitudes?

Construc-

Religion?

Agriculture?

Minerals? Trade Part-

Carrying Capacity?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Is environmental determin-

ism a form of racism built

around

climatological science?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

around

Is it eurocentric by

design?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

around

design?

Is it still widely used?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

around

design?

Is it still widely used?

"Environmental Determinism was not disproved, only disapproved.“- Erhard Rutland

"Yet, environmental advantages were only the beginning. Growth and development

call for enterprise, and this is not a quality to be taken for granted. Grounded in the Greco-Roman concepts of democracy

and Judeo-Christian cultural beliefs, such inventions as private property rights and free enterprise made European-based

societies different from other civilisations."

- Peet & Hartwick, Theories of Development, 2009

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Physical Ecology is an exten-

sion of Physical Geography

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

When analysing reasons for

Kenya’s low crop yields

physical ecologists would

identify

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Changing rainfall pat-

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

ternsUse of fertilisers

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Soil nutrient quality

Use of fertilisers

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Use of fertilisers

Hours of daylight

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Altitude

Use of fertilisers

Hours of daylight

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Altitude Climate

Use of fertilisers

Hours of daylight

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Altitude Climate

Use of fertilisers

Hours of daylight

Irrigation meth-

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

What would this map of soil

quality tell physical eco-logists about the current state of

development in those areas?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Political Economy is an ex-

tension of Human Geography

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Kenya’s low crop yields polit-

ical economists would

identify

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Land ownership rights

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Land ownership rights Fertiliser prices

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Co-operative trade

groups

Fertiliser prices

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Co-operative trade

groups

Fertiliser prices

Inheritance laws

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Co-operative trade

groups

Corruption

Fertiliser prices

Inheritance laws

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Co-operative trade

groups

Corruption Bribery

Fertiliser prices

Inheritance laws

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

identify

Co-operative trade

groups

Corruption Bribery

Fertiliser prices

Inheritance laws

Distance from mar-

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

What would this map of political cor-ruption tell political economists about the current state of development in those areas?

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Physical Ecolo-gists

PoliticalEconom-

Interdiscip-linary

DevelopmentScience

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Interdiscip-linary

DevelopmentScience

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Interdiscip-linary

DevelopmentScience

Water Availability

Mineral QualityEnvironment

QualitySoil Quality

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Interdiscip-linary

DevelopmentScience

Water Availability

QualitySoil Quality

Level of Debt

Corruption

Vision

Colonial Leg-acy

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Interdiscip-linary

DevelopmentScience

Water Availability

QualitySoil Quality

Trade Links

GDP per Cap-ita

Level of Debt

Corruption

Economic Group-ings

Involvement of TNCs

Vision

Colonial Leg-acy

Physical Ecologists

PoliticalEconomists

Interdiscip-linary

DevelopmentScience

Water Availability

QualitySoil Quality

Demograph-ics

Education

Workforce Skills

Infrastructure

Trade Links

GDP per Cap-ita

Level of Debt

Corruption

Economic Group-ings

Involvement of TNCs

Vision

Colonial Leg-acy

Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson I can…

Assess how the inter-related nature of factors affecting development have been interpreted by Geographers

Further Research

Read this articlehttp://climateandcapitalism.com/2013/01/24/environmental-determinism-does-climate-control-our-destiny /

These slides, article links, and further support will be shared

@WhitehavenGeog

How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors

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