Honors Biology - Atoms

BIOCHEM BASICSTHE CHEMICAL CONTEXT OF LIFE

OUTLINE

Matter: Elements and Compounds

Atoms and their structure

Bonding

Chemical Reactions

IT’S ALL MATTER

ELEMENT

Substance the cannot be broken down into other substances.

28 man-made elements + possibly 6 more

COMPOUNDS

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

Twenty-five essential to life

Four make up 96% of ALL living matter

• N O C H

Remaining 4% calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur

TRACE ELEMENTS

UP AND ATOM!

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

DaltonsAtomic NumberAtomic Mass

ISOTOPES

Elements with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.

ISOTOPES USED IN:

Dating fossils.

Tracing atoms.

Diagnostics.

ENERGY LEVELS OF ELECTRONS

ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION

Valence electrons/shell

Inert

ELECTRON ORBITALS

Three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time.

BONDING

Covalent

Sharing of valence electrons

POLAR AND NONPOLAR COVALENT BONDS

Unequal sharing

IONIC BONDS

IONIC BONDS

IONIC COMPOUNDS - SALTS

WEAK BONDSHydrogen bonds

Van de Waal interactions

HYDROGEN BONDS

VAN DER WAALS INTERACTIONS

Unequally distributed molecules that form “hot spots” of positive or negative charge.

CHEMICAL REACTION

MAKING AND BREAKING BONDS