Grade 10 hardware& net working

2014 mrs.Kl oDvdx. yd cd,lrK ms<sno jevuq¿j

fufyhùu uOHu m<d;a f;dr;=re ;dËK tallh

Tool kit

Tool kit

Tool kit

Tool kit

Tool kit

Network Tool ( Clipping Tool )

Brush

Magnifier

Screwdriver Set

Multi Meter

Digital Multi Meter

Sucker

mß.Kl ljrfha fldgia Parts of Casing

fuys my; wdldrhg WmlrK iúlsÍug wjYH neúka flaiskfha fomi mshka iy bosßmi

mshka bj;alr .;hq;=h'

Power Cable

AT Power Unit

ATX Power Unit

ATX Power Unit

ATX Power Unit

ATX Casing

ATX Casing

ATX Casing

Processor Socket

Processor Socket

Dual Core Socket

AMD Processor

AMD Processor

AMD Athlon Processor

AMD sempron Processor

Cache Memory m%Odk u;lfhka o;a; ilikh fj; f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh jk fõ.h"

o;a; ilikfha fõ.j;a njg fkdiEfyk neúka .eg¿j uÕ yerùug fuu m%Odk u;lh;a o;a; ilikh;a w;rg wêfõ.S u;lhl wjYH;djh we;s úh' ta i|yd Cache Memory Ndõ; fõ' wêl ksIamdok ñ,la iys; fõ' fuh 80$20 kS;shg wkqj l%shd;aulfõ' tkï ksYaÑ; ld,hloS hï l%shdjla i|yd Ndú; jk ish¨u mß.Kl jev igyka f;dr;=re iy o;a; Cache u;lfhka 20] l m%udKhla tu ld¾h flfrk ld,fhka 80] la ;=< Ndú; fõ' fïjd m%Odk j¾. folls'

• L1 Cache - fm%dfiirh ;=< we;s fõ.j;a u;l Ñmhhs'

• L2 Cache - fm%dfiirh wi, we;s fõ.j;a u;l Ñmhls

Intel (8008) Micro Processor

Intel (8080) Micro Processor

Slot Processor

Intel Processor

Processors

Intel Processor

Core 2 Duo Processor

Intel celeron Processor

CPU Register – CPU memory o;a; ilik Processor ;=< iuyr wêfõ.Sj

u;lhka .nvd l< yels ia:dk we;' fïjd Internal registers f,i yÿkajhs' RAM j,g jvd fú.j;ah' CPU tl yd ALU tl fuu u;l .nvd Ndú;d lrñka o;a; ,nd .kS'

tfukau ;djld,slj ilik ,o o;a;o .nvd lr ;nhs' fuu fya;=fjka o;a; ilikfha fú.j;a nj jeäfú' fïjd j¾.

lsysmhls'PCR - Programme Counter Register IR - Instruction Register MBR - Memory Buffer RegisterMAR - Memory Address RegisterIO/AR- Input Output Address RegisterI/OBR- Input Output Buffer Register

Heat Zink, Cooling Fan

Mother Board

Mother Board

Mother Board

Mother Board

Mother Board

Mocury Mother Board

Foxconn Mother Board

BIOSfuu BIOS fmr ld,j,oS .,jd kej; iõ l< yels jqjo

wo Flash BIOS iú lr we;s neõka th l< fkdyel' tfy;a tys f;dr;=re fjkia l< yelsh' BIOS program hï hï fodaI oelaùug Beep

Sound Ndõ;d lrhs Ami BIOS jdr jro

2-3 RAM 4-5-7-10 Mother Board 8 VGA 9 BIOS Chip

6 Key Board

Primay Memory1 Rom (Read Only Memory

Rom - Ñmfha f;dr;+re ,sùfï ;dlaIKh wkqj j¾. flf¾

PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory fuu j¾.fha tlajrla muKla ,súh yelsh‘

EPROM- Eraseble Programmable Read Only Memory kej;

kej; ,shk ,o f;dr;+re ulñka ,sõh yelsh' uelSu i|yd mdrcïnq, lsrK (Ultra Violet Ray) Ndú;d lrhs‘

EEPROM – Electrically Eraseble Programmable Rom:- “Flash” u;lh f,i oekg ckms%h fjïka mj;sk

fuuß Ñma j¾.hls fuys (Electrical field) úoHq;a fCIa;%hla u.ska f;dr;=re ,sùu yd uelSu folu isÿlrhs

'

2 Ram ((Random Access Memory)

o;a; .nvdjl wNHka;ßl m%Odk tallh jk fuh iiïNdù m%fõY u;lh f,i yÿkajkq ,efí' ;djld,slj o;a; r|jd .ekSfï yelshdj we;s neúka kej; kej; .nvdjk o;a; bj;a lsÍu;a /|ùu;a isÿ l< yels neúka Volatile Memory f,i o ye|skafõ'

SIMM RAM

SIMM RAM

ksIamdok ;dËKh wkqj j¾.’lrKh

SRAM –Static RAM fuf,i yÿkajk w;r g%dkaisiag¾ muKla

fhdodf.k fndfyda úg fuu u;l tall ksmojkq ,nhs

SD RAM

RAM

DRAM - Dynamic Ram

f,i yÿkajk w;r g%dkaisiag¾ yd lemEisg¾ fhdodf.k fndfyda úg ksmojkq ,nhs' fuys o;a; kej; kej; wdfrdamKh fkdl<fyd;a (refresh) o;a; uelS hhs‘

RIMM (RAM Bus)

DDR1

DDR2 RAM

DDR3 RAM

Differences in DDR Family

DDR 1

DDR 2 DDR 2

DDR 3

Hard Disk

Hard Disk

Hard Disk

Hard Disk

Hard Disk

SATA Hard Disk

A) Magnetic tape pqïNl má ^ 300 $ 600 $ 1200 $ 2400 $ 3600feet

merKs;u .nvd udOH jk fuys f*ßla Tlaihsâ wdf,am l< mÜhlska iukaõ;h' wâ 2400 muK os. pqñNl má o Ndõ;d õh'

B) Magnetic Drum jYfhka j¾. 2 ls o;a; .nvd lsÍu máfha fl<jrl isg wkql%ñj isÿfõ b;du;a

wvq fõ.hlska o;a; ikaksfõokh lrhs' Read head yd Write head 2 la Ndú;d fõ‘

A)Magnetic Disk –Floppy Disk fyj;a kuH ;eá;s kñka yÿka jk fïjdfha (Iron Oxide Coating)

fmßla Tlaihsä wdf,amhla ;jrd ksmojd we;' Single side tl me;a;l muKla .nvd lrk Double side fome;af;u .nvd

lrk úYalïNh wkqj 8” " 5'25” " 3'5” f,i Ndú; úh'

• Hard Disk - • ;eá kñka yÿka jk fïjd iron oxide wdf,amlr fydoska Tm oud we;'

• * Zip Disk - Jass Disk fïjd o úfYaI jQ pqïNl .=K iys;j wê.K;aj l%u

Ndú; lr úfYaI Zip Driver u.ska f;dr;=re .nvd lsÍug Ndú;d lrhs'

oDYH udOHh Ndú;d lrk .nvd WmlrK Optical Media

wêl .K;ajhlska hq;=j o;a; .nvd l< yelsh' f,ai¾ lsrK ;dCIKh u.ska o;a; .nvd lsÍu iy kej; ,nd .ekSu isÿlrkq ,nhs’ i¾ms,dldrj fuys o;a; .nvd jk má msysgd we;’ (Spiral track) úYalïnh wkqj"

0 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PIT

LAND

laser

aluminumdata layer

clearplastic

sensorlaser

sensor

0 0 0 0

LAND

polycarbonatelayer (clear plastic)

aluminum layer

laquer layer

motion

polycarbonatesubstrate

aluminumreflective layer

laquer

laquer

polycarbonatesubstrate

reflective layer (gold)

dye

CD-ROM

CD-R

Protective coating

Laquer layer

Spiral groove is a guide. It is pressed into the blank diskwhen manufactured.

Reflective layer (gold)Recording layer (dye)

Disc substrate (polycarbonate resin)

Laser beam

top side(labelprinted here)

DVD - Digital Versatile Disk f,i yÿkajk fïjd CD j,g yevyqrefjka iudk jqjo tys o;a; .nvd

lsÍfï oS ia:r lsysmhla hgf;a o;a;.nvd lsÍfï ishqï ;dËKhla Ndú; lrhs' (Several layers data records)

12cm fyda 8cm úYalïNj,ska oelsh yelsh' fïjdfha .=Kd;aul nj wkqj j¾. 5 la olakg ,efí‘

D V D 2 GB 4 GB4 . 5 GB6 . 5 GB8 GB16 GB200 GB

(B) OPTICAL CARDS by; CD ;dËKhg iudkj ksmojd we;s card úfYaIhls fuys 4 mb isg 6 olajd Odß;djla we;'

Network Card

VGA Card

IDE Cable

SATA Cable

TV/FM cardikaksfõok w.%- iñnkaOl Comunication Port & ConnectorBNC Connector—

British Naval Connector

Centronics Connector-SCSI Interface

TV/FM card

The last device in both the internal and external chain must be terminated.

SCSI host adapter

CD-ROM

harddisks

scanner

externalchain

internalchain

RJ45 - RJ11 ConnectorDIN Connector-

USB Connector

IDE connector - Integrated Drive Electronic

5-pin DINUsed on earlier PC keyboardsand various audio

6-pin Mini-DINUsed on mouse, keyboard and other devices(PS/2 connector)

5/16"

1/2"

Parallel Port & Connector

Sound card port & connector

uDÿldx.(Software)

moaO;s uDÿldx.(System software)

fhojqï uDÿldx.

(Application software)

fufyhqï moaO;s (Operating Systems)

Wmhqla; uDÿldx.(Utility Software)

mßj¾;k uDÿldx. (Translator Programs)

fhojqï meflacApplication packages

mß.Kl NdIdLanguages

mß.Kl cd, Computer Networkcd,hla hkq l=ula o ? What is a

Network?

idudcslhska tla wfhll=g jvd jeäfhka isák yd ta ishÆu idudcslhska w;f¾ wka;¾ iïnkaO;djh mj;ajd f.k hkakla

cd,hla f,i yÿkajhs Wod(- uyck nexl= cd,h

Ys% ,xld fg,sfldï cd,h

mß.Kl cd,j, jdis Advantages of computer network

1 mß.Kl w;r oDVdx. iïm;a (hardware resources) fnod .ekSug yels ùu'

Printer / HDD 2 mß.Kl w;r uDÿldx. (software recourses)

fnod .ekSug yels ùu' (DBMS )

3 mß.Kl w;r mKsúv yqjudre lr .; yels ùu'( E-Mail / Fax / Video Phone )

mß.Kl cd,j, wjdis Disadvantage of computer network

1 mß.Kl cd,hla ia:dms; lsÍfï úhou jeä fõ‘

2 hardware iy software fldgia j,g ydks we;s úh yels ùu' (Virus)

3 mß.Klfha we;s o;a; j, wdrlaIdj ms<sno .eg¿ u;= ùu' (Hackers

nodemß.Kl cd,hg iïnkaO computer, printer, file server jeks oE mß.Kl cd,fha node f,i yÿkajkq ,efí' mß.Kl cd,fha iEu node tllgu wkkH jQ ,smskhla we;' ( Unique IP Address )

Client mß.Kl cd,fhka hï lsis fiajdjla b,a,d isák (Request) node tl client f,i yÿkajkq ,efí'

Server Client u.ska b,a,d isák fiajh imhkq ,nk node tl Server f,i yÿkajkq ,efí'

Printer

Microcomputer

Printer

Client

Server

Microcomputer

Network Topologymß.Kl cd,hla fN!;sl jYfhka ia:dms; lr we;s wdldrh (physical layout) network topology f,i yÿkajkq ,efí'

Star TopologyrEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg fuysoS mß.Kl cd,hg

iïnkaO iEu mß.Klhlau Hub / Switch tllg fyda Host Computer tllg iïnkaO ùfuka mß.Kl cd,h ks¾udKh

fõ‘ Host ComputerHub / Switch

Host Computer

Hub / Switch

Ring TopologyrEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg mß.Kl cd,fha we;s tla mß.Klhla ks;ru ;j;a mß.Kl follg iïnkaO ù

j,hdldrj we;s kï tjeks mß.Kl cd,hla Ring Topology f,i yÿkajkq ,efí'

Bus topologyrEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg mß.Kl cd,fha we;s ieu mß.Klhlau tla m%Odk k,hlg (Common

Channel) iïnkaO ùfuka mß.Kl cd,h ks¾udKh fõ'

Terminator

Tree topologyrEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg mß.Kl cd,fha we;s ieu mß.Klhlau .il w;= úysos we;s wdldrhg

iïnkaO ùfuka mß.Kl cd,h ks¾udKh fõ'

mß.Kl cd, j¾.SlrKh Types of Network

mß.Kl cd,hla N=f.da,Sh jYfhka me;sÍ we;s wdldrh ie,ls,a,g f.k my; ioyka wdldrhg

mß.Kl cd, j¾.slrKh l< yel‘

1. Local Area Network (LAN) 2. Wide Area Network (WAN)

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

1 Local Area Network (LAN)

fN!;sl jYfhka t;rï úYd, fkdjq f.dvke.s,s úYaj úoHd, jeks wdh;k j, Ndú; jk mß.Kl cd, (1km j¾. m%udKhla muK ) LAN f,i yÿkajkq ,efí' tla wdh;khl LAN úYd, m%udKhla we;' Bus /

star network topology Ndú;d flf¾'

2 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Local Area Network j,g jvd úYd, N+f.da,sh m%foaYhla wdjrKh lrkakd jq mß.Kl cd,hla f,i yÿkajkq ,efí' WodyrKhla f,i fuys oS iudk

;dËKhla hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk k.r lsysmhl we;s wdh;k tlg iïnkaO lr msysgqjd we;s

mß.Kl cd,hla yÿkajd osh yel'

3 Wide Area Network (WAN)

N+f.da,Sh jYfhka úúO ia:dk j, we;s mß.Kl tlg iïnkaO ùfuka Wide Area Network ìys fõ' tkï WAN hkq mß.Kl cd, j, cd,hls' WAN ;=, LAN yd MAN úYd, m%udKhla oelsh yel'

mß.Kl cd,hla iEoSug Ndú; jk m%Odk WmlrK

Main Devices that are used to create a network lsishï WmlrKhla mß.Klh yd iïnkaO lsÍu

ioyd w;rueos WmlrK wjYH jkjd fiau mß.Klhla mß.Kl cd,hlg iúlsÍu ioydo WmlrK wjYHfõ'

Network Interface Card (NIC)ModemRouter

HubSwitchesBridge

Network Interface Card (NIC)

mß.Klhla cd,hlg iú lsÍu ioyd wjYH b;d m%d:ñl WmlrKh f,i Network Interface Card tl yeoskaúh yel' Network Interface Card tlla tl milska motherboard tl u; jQ slot tlla u.ska motherboard yd iïnkaO fõ' wfkla miska msysgqjd we;s fidlÜ Ndú;d lr mß.Klh cd,hg iïnkaO l< yel' úúO ;dlaIK hgf;a ksmojk mß.Kl cd, yd iu. mß.Klh iïnkaO lrùu ioyd wjYH fidlÜ fujeks ldâ msgqmiska msysgqjd ;sfí'' ieu Network Interface Card tllgu wkkHh jQ ,smskhla we;' fuh MAC Address f,i yÿkajkq ,efí

Network Interface Card(NIC)

Hub or Switch

RJ 45 Connectors

UTP Cable

mß.Klhla wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaO jkafka Analog Signal Ndú; lrkd ÿrl:k ud¾.hla yryd kï mß.Klh yd ÿrl;k ud¾.h tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍfï w;rueosfhl= f,i Modem kï WmlrKh Ndú;d flf¾' fï u.ska isÿ flfrkqfha mß.Klh u.ska ckkh lrk Digital Signal ÿrl:k ud¾.h Tiafia .uka l< yels Analog Signal njg mßj¾;kh lr oSu;a ÿrl:k ud¾.h yryd ,efnkd Analog Signal mß.Klhg f;areï .; yels Digital Signal njg mßj¾;kh lr oSu;ah' fuys oS RJ11 Connecters Ndú;d lr mß.Klh yd Modem WmlrKh iïnkaO flf¾' m%Odk jYfhka Modem j¾. folla we;'

1 Internal Modem2 External Modem

Digital Signal Analog Signal

Modulation

Demodulation

Modem

Computer

Digital DeviceAnalog Device

Digital SignalsAnalog Signals

Telephone

Router

Routers tlsfklg wiudk jQ mß.Kl cd,hka folla tlg iïnkaO lsÍu ioyd Router kï WmlrKh Ndú; fõ' Router kï úfYaIs; WmlrKh my; ioyka ld¾hka ioyd fhdod .kS'1 tlsfklg fjkia jQ LAN folla iïnkaO lsÍug' (Dissimilar type of LAN)Router

2 LAN yd WAN tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍug'

Router tllg m%Odk jYfhka Port folla we;'1 LAN Port

2 WAN Port

tu ksid Router tllg IP Address folla we;' 1 LAN tlg ,nd fok IP Address tl2 WAN tlg ,nd fok IP Address tl

fuys os WAN Port tlg my; ioyka iïnkaO;d Ndú; l< yels fõ'

1 Dial-Up connection 2 Leased Line Connections

3 ISDN Connections 4 ADSL Connections

Hub mß.Kl cd,hla ks¾udKh lsÍfïos mß.Kl tlsfklg

iïnkaO lsÍu ioyd Hub keu;s WmlrKh Ndú;d fõ' mß.Kl cd,fha we;s ieu mß.Klhlau Hub tlg fjk fjku

iïnkaO fõ' fï ioyd RJ 45 Connectors iy UTP Cable Ndú;d fõ‘

Hub tlla Passive Device tlla f,i kï flf¾' tkï tla tla mß.Klfhka ,efnk o;a;

(Data Packet) úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï yelshdjla Hub tlg fkdue;' Hub tlla Ndú; lr LAN tlla ms<sfh<

lr .ekSug wjYH oE(-Network Interface Card (NIC)

UTP Cable RJ 45 Connectors

Switchmß.Kl cd,hla ks¾udKh lsÍfïoS mß.Kl

tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍu ioyd Switch keue;s WmlrKh Ndú;d fõ' fuu WmlrKh nqoaêu;a

WmlrKhla (Intelligent Device) f,i yeoska fõ' tkï tla mß.Klhlska ,efnk o;a; úYaf,aIKh lr th ,nd osh hq;= mß.Klh (Using Destination Address) fï u.ska yÿkd .kq ,efí' fï ioyd NIC Card j, we;s

MAC Address Ndú;d flf¾'

Bridge

Bridge tlsfklg iudk jQ Protocol Ndú; lrkakd jQ Network folla tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍu ioyd Bridge Ndú;

Servermß.Kl cd,hlg iïnkaO wfkl=;a mß.Kl j,g

fiajdimhkq ,nk mß.Kl jevigyka (Computer

Program) wvx.= úfYaI mß.Kl Server f,i yÿkajkq ,efÄ'

Server

ClientClient

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)

Coaxial Cable

Fiber Optics Cables