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Saadullah Ayaz
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Government of Pakistan’s Policies and Strategies
for Addressing Environmental Concerns
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Saadullah Ayaz
September 28, 2010
ENVIRONMENT RELATED POLICIES IN PAKISTAN
NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
A. National Conservation Strategy
B. National Environmental Policy
C. National Sanitation Policy
D. National Water Policy
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D. National Water Policy
E. National Drinking Water Policy
F. National Forest Policy
G. National Rangeland Policy
H. National Operational Strategy for Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM)
A. NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY (1992)
AIM
To facilitate integration of environmental considerations
in millions of daily economic, social and physical
decisions of individuals, households communities,
corporations and Government
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
� Conservation of natural resources
� Sustainable development
� Improved use and efficiency of management of resources
OPERATING PRINCIPLES
� Achieve greater public participation in development of env. Mgt.
� Integration of environmental economics in decision making
� Focus of durable improvement of quality of life
CORE AREAS UNDER NCS
� maintaining soils in croplands
� increasing irrigation efficiency
� protected watersheds
� supporting forestry and plantations
� restoring rangelands and improving livestock
� protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries� protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries
� conserving biodiversity
� increasing energy efficiency
� developing and deploying renewables
� preventing and abating pollution
� managing urban waste
� supporting institutions for common resources
� integrating population and environment programs, and
� preserving the cultural heritage
PROVINCIAL STRATEGIES UNDER NCS
� Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy (1996)
� Balochistan Conservation Strategy (2000)
� Northern Areas Strategy for Sustainable Development (2003)
� Sindh Strategy for Sustainable Development (2007)
� Punjab Strategy for Sustainable Development--
Integrated Development Visions
- Abbottabad (KPK)
- Badin (Sindh)
- Chitral (GB)
- Dera Ismail Khan (KPK)
- Gawadar (Balo.)
- Qilla Saifullah (Balo.)
B. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY (2005)
GOAL
To protect, conserve and restore Pakistan's environment in order to
improve quality of life of citizens through sustainable development
OBJECTIVES
� Conservation and efficient management of environment resources� Conservation and efficient management of environment resources
� Integration of environmental consideration in policy making and
planning process
� Capacity blinding government agencies and stakeholders for better
env. Mgt.
� Meeting international obligation inline with national aspirations
� Creation of demand for enviroemtn through mass awareness
SECTORAL GUIDELINES of NATIONAL ENVIRONMETNAL POLICY
� Water supply management
� Air Quality and Noise
� Waste management
� Forestry
� Biodiversity and Protected Areas� Biodiversity and Protected Areas
� Climate Change and Ozone delpetetion
� Energy Efficiency and Renewables
� Agriculture and Livestock
� Multilateral Environmental Agreements
� Cross-sectoral Guidelines (poverty, population, gender, health, trade,
local governance, disaster management)
C. NATIONAL SANITATION POLICY (2006)
GOAL
Aims at providing adequate sanitation coverage for improvement of
quality of life of the people of Pakistan and to provide physical
environment necessary for health life
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
� To ensure an open defection free environment, safe disposal of liquid,
solid, municipal, industrial and agricultural waste and promotion of
health and hygienic practice
� To link and integrate sanitation programs with the city and regional
planning policies of health, environment, housing and education
� To promote Lead Total Sanitation
� Develop guidelines to effective institutional framework
� Enhance capacity of government agencies and other stakeholders for
better sanitation and particularly water-borne diseases
� To develop and implement strategies for integrated management of
municipal, industrial, hazardous, hospital and clinical waste
� Meet international obligation in-line with national aspirations
� Change attitude towards sanitation services� Change attitude towards sanitation services
� Increase mass awareness
D. NATIONAL WATER POLICY
OBJECTIVES
� Efficient management and conservation of existing water resources.
� Optimal development of potential water resources.
� Steps to minimize time and cost overruns in completion of water
sector projects.
� Equitable water distribution in various areas and canal commands.� Equitable water distribution in various areas and canal commands.
� Measures to reverse rapidly declining groundwater levels in low-
recharge areas.
� Increased groundwater exploitation in high-recharge areas.
� Effective drainage interventions to maximize crop production.
� Improved flood control and protective measures.
� Steps to ensure acceptable and safe quality of water.
� Institutional reforms to make the managing organizations more
dynamic and responsive.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL WATER POLICY
� Holistic and sustainable resource
� protect the environment
� Planning, development and management of specific water resources
should be decentralized to an appropriate level
� Delivery of specific water services should be delegated to autonomous
and accountable public, private or cooperative agenciesand accountable public, private or cooperative agencies
� Services in a defined geographical area to their customers and/or
members for an appropriate fee
� Water use in society should be sustainable - with incentives, regulatory
controls and public education promoting economic efficiency,
conservation of water resources
� Protection of the environment - with a transparent policy framework
� Shared water resources within and between nations should be
allocated efficiently for the mutual benefit of all riparian users
� Promote cost effective and appropriate technological options for water
supply systems;
� Increase public awareness about water safety, safe hygiene practices and
water conservation;
� Enhance capacity of line ministries, departments, agencies and
organizations at all levels in planning, implementation and monitoring of
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water supply programmes
� Promote public-private-partnership for enhancing access of safe drinking
water and sustainable operation & maintenance of water supply systems;
� Promote research and development for enhancing access, effectiveness
and sustainability of water supply interventions; and
� Promote Inter-sectoral collaboration to maximize the impacts of water
supply interventions.
E. NATIONAL DRINKING WATER POLICY (2009)
GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
The overall goal of the National Drinking Water Policy is to improve the quality
of life of people of Pakistan by reducing incidence of death and illness caused
by water-borne diseases through ensuring provision of adequate quantity of
safe drinking water to the entire population at an affordable cost and in an
equitable, efficient and sustainable manner. The objectives of the Policy are
to:
13
to:
� Provide access to safe and sustainable drinking water supply to the
entire population of Pakistan by 2025
� Ensure protection and conservation of water resources
� Promote measures for treatment and safety of drinking water
� Encourage community participation and empowerment in planning,
implementation, monitoring and operations and maintenance of water
supply systems
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
POLICY GUIDELINES FOR NATIONAL DRINKIG WATER POLICY
� Increasing Access
� Protection and Conservation of Water Resources
� Water Treatment and Safety
� Appropriate Technologies and Standardization
� Community Participation and Empowerment � Community Participation and Empowerment
� Public Awareness
� Capacity Development
� Public-Private Partnership
� Research and Development
� Emergency Preparedness and Response
� Coordinated Planning and Implementation
� Legislation
F. NATIONAL FOREST POLICY (DRAFT)
GOAL
The policy aims at restoration, development, conservation and sustainable
management of forests and allied natural resources to ensure
sustainability of ecosystem functions, services and benefits for present
and future generations of Pakistan.
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
� Restoration and maintenance of natural forests to preserve ecological
cycles, functions and services.
� Increasing productivity of forests to meet requirements of timber, fuel
wood, fodder and non-wood forest products and to promote
sustainable natural resource based livelihoods.
� Encouraging efficient utilization of wood and non-wood forest
products, maximizing wood substitution and development of
alternative renewable energy resources.
� Development of forest resource base to enhance carbon sequestration
capacity and mitigation of climate change effects,
� Mainstreaming sustainable forest management into sectoral policies,
plans and programmes
� Conservation of biological diversity, protection and sustainable use of
indigenous flora and fauna.
� Fostering public-private partnerships to enhance forest cover and � Fostering public-private partnerships to enhance forest cover and
promote commercial forestry in private sector and encouraging role of
civil society organizations.
� Strengthening forestry education and research institutions to cope
with the emerging challenges of deforestation and climate change.
� Creating mass awareness and involving local communities in
sustainable natural resource management.
� Meeting national obligations under Multilateral Environmental
Agreements especially CBD, UNCCD, UNFCCC and UNFF.
POLICY MEASURES FOR NATIONAL FOREST POLICY
� Protection of Forest Lands from Encroachments
� Transfer of Forest Land to Non-Forestry Uses
- Control of Encroachment
- Forest Fire management
- Regulating mining and quarrying
� Bringing additional Land under Tree Cover
� Firewood Substitution
� Sustainable livelihoods through Integrated NRM
� Transparency and Good Governance
� Wood Substitution and Impact Liberalization
� Grazing Regulation
� Forest Development Fund
G. NATIONAL RANGELANDS POLICY (DRAFT)
GOAL
To rehabilitate the degraded rangelands and pastures close to their
potential for increased productivity enhance their environmental and
regulatory functions and services, increase and conserve rangeland
biodiversity besides mitigating the negative impacts of global climate
change through collaborative and holistic rangeland resources to
contribute to the livelihood improvement of the rangelands dependent
communities as well as to the national economy
OBJECTIVES
� To enhance the productivity and the related functions and services of
the rangeland ecosystem
� To promote rangeland enterprises for the livelihood improvement of
the rangeland dependent communities
� To conserve and maintain rangeland biodiversity
� To mitigate the negative impacts of global warming and climate change
especially related to the desertification
� To enhance the skill and capacity of the key stakeholders for the
sustainable management of the rangeland management
� To undertake applied and action research on the key problems of the
rangelandsrangelands
POLICY THRUSTS OF NATIONAL RANGELANDS POLICY
� Rangeland resource assessment and monitoring
� Collaborative and integrated rangeland resources Planning
� Rang resource rehabilitation and management
� Increase forage availability on other land use-
� Promotion of rangeland enterprises
� Management of rangelands for regulating sustainable water flow and
reduced sediment production
� Ecosystem rehabilitation for biodiversity conservation
� Mitigation of the impact of global warming and climate change
� Awareness raising about the significance and management of
rangelands rangelands
� Skill enhancement of the farmers and capacity building of the related
stakeholders
� Applied range research and technology development and transfer
� Financial resource generation
� Coordination and linkages development
H. NATIONAL OPERATIONAL STRATEGY FOR CLEAN
DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM)- 2006
� The Strategy describes the functions and powers of the Designated
National Authority (DNA) for CDM in Pakistan
� Described institutional structure for CDM including; role of Prime
Minister’s Committee, CDM Steering Committee and Technical
Committees for managing CDM process in PakistanCommittees for managing CDM process in Pakistan
� Describes eligibility criteria for hosting CDM Project in Pakistan
� Describes process for grant of Host Country Approval to CDM projects
in Pakistan
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
HALF FULL?
OROR
HALF EMPTY?
HALF FULL? ACCOMPLISHMENTS
� Establishment of a Ministry of Environment� Establishment of EPAs� Establishment of Environment Sections in all P&D departments� Establishment of SDPI� Development of NEQS� Numerous donor funded projects secured� Large PSDP allocations� Large PSDP allocations� Numerous institutions focused on environment now functional in
almost all sectors� NIPA introducing environment as a major subject
� AWARENESS - Env. and conservation
� CONSULTATION PROCESSES
� ADVOCACY MORE POSSIBLE
� ENV. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK IN PLACE - Law and admin., some economic Incentives, gov’t, civil society, private sector
HALF-EMPTY?
LIMITATIONS
• DESIGN
• PROCESS
• OUTCOMES
…thank you
For more information”
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
For more information”
Saadullah AyazCoordinator Climate Change/
Environmental Fiscal Reforms/
Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities
IUCN Pakistan
Email: saad.ayaz@iucn.org
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