Diabetes Patient Presentation Dr Vivek Baliga

The reality behind

Before going on to

let us see our body technology

DIABETES

During digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose

How our body gets energy?

This Glucose converted into energy and used by the body

All our meals and snacks contain three fuels

FATPROTEINCARBOHYDRATES

Insulin

Glucose

When blood glucose levels are high, β cells of the pancreas releasesinsulin to all over the body

Glucose Insulin

Normal Blood Glucose (Sugar) Regulation

Glucose enters the blood stream causes increasing in blood glucose level

Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into the cells for energy

Glucose

Blood

In This Way, Glucose Provides Us With Energy

To Stay Alive

What is it? DIABETES

Diabetes is a condition where the amount of glucose in your blood is too high.

Lack of insulin in your body

or

Body cells cannot use insulin properly

Blood glucose becomes high in

DIABETES because of

What are the types of DIABETES ?

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

No insulin production from pancreas

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Body cells does not respond to insulin properly

Contrasting Features Of Type I And Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Feature Type I Type IIFrequency 10-20% 80-90%

Age of onset Early Late

Weight Normal Obese/non obese

Family history Less than 20 % About 60%

Blood insulin level Absent insulin Normal or decreased insulin

Clinical management

Insulin and diet Diet, exercise, oral drugs and insulin

What Is Prediabetes?Blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes

Good news!

If you have pre-diabetes, you can reduce your risk of getting diabetes

Modest weight loss and moderate physical activity, you can delay or prevent type II diabetes and even return to normal glucose levels

What are the signs and symptoms of DIABETES ?

SIGNS AND

SYMPTOMS

Frequent urination

Excessive thirst

Always tired

Increased fatigue

Un-explained weight loss

Extreme hunger

What are the blood sugar numbers you should know in diabetes?

Oral glucose tolerance test numbers (OGTT)

mgdl

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Indicators Of Person With Diabetes

• Symptoms of diabetes plus random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl

• Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl• 2 hour post 75g glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl

ICMR Guideline for management of type 2 diabetes -2005

What are the risk factors of DIABETES ?

High BP or high cholesterol

Over weight

Lack of physical activity

Smoking

Family history

Age factor

Gestational diabetes

But, we can prevent diabetes with diabetes prevention keys

Are you aware of shocking survey on

DIABETES?

USA17.7 India

31.7

China20.8 Japan

6.8

Indonesia8.4

DIABETES Around The World – 2000

(millions)

USA30.3 India

79.4

China42.3 Japan

8.9

Indonesia21.3

DIABETES Around The World – 2030

(millions)

DIABETES in India

India is a number ranking in world prevalence of diabetes

Mohan v., Indian J Med Res 2007;125:217-230

The reasons are …

1

Industrialization leads to lifestyle related diseases

Turn from traditional lifestyle to modern lifestyle

Stress

Deadline PressureAt Work Place

I say, finish your work…

Irregular Meals Especially Breakfast

Lack Of Physical Activity Or Physical Exercise

Lack Of Awareness

Diabetes Prevention Keys

Proper Diet And Exercise Are Key To

DIABETES Prevention

ICMR Guideline for management of type 2 diabetes -2005

Diet For DIABETES Prevention

Carbohydrate foods:Cereals, mixed coarse grains, whole pulse, salads and soya-beans

Protein foods:Low fat milk, milk products and fish

Fat foods: Saturated fat including ghee and butter (Cholesterol intake should not exceed 300 mg/day)

Fibers:Traditional Indian diet is rich in fibers (rage, jowhar, barley, oats etc)

Common salt:Up to 6 g/day is permitted

Alcohol intake is best avoided and if used, must be in moderation

Balance Your Diet With Right Food

Avoid Junk Food, Take Fresh Fruits

Brisk walk for 30 - 60 minutes or its equivalent physical activity

ICMR Guideline for management of type 2 diabetes -2005

Meditation Practice And Stress Management

Practice Of Yoga

Exercises For DIABETES

What Happens If DIABETESNot Treated ?

Kidney damage (Nephropathy)

Blood vessels damage

Nerve damage(Neuropathy)

Eye problem (Retinopathy) Heart problem

(Myopathy)

Risk Assessment In DIABETES

Age 45 years

BMI more than 25 kg/m2

High waist circumference

Family history of diabetes

Habitual physical inactivity

History of gestational diabetes mellitus

Hypertension ( 140/90 mmHg)

History of vascular disease

Test blood sugar levels

Test your blood pressure level

Test your blood cholesterol level

Checklist for prevention of DIABETES complications

• Reinforce of life style measures:Increase physical activity levels and improve diet

• Examine feet for sensations and circulation; Also for calluses, dryness, sores, infections, injuries

Checklist for prevention of DIABETES complications (Cont…)

Ultimate outcome is one

If you are not diabetic – Prevent it with healthy life

If you are diabetic – fight it with healthy life

All is well

And the meaning of HEALTHY LIFE is ………

Always happy

Maintain body weight

Healthy eating habits

Exercise regularly

Meaning of healthy life

Peaceful and lovable life

How many of you living a healthy life? Test yourself,

All is well ….

Thank youAll is well ….

All is well ….