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THE DENTAL OFFICE A sheltered system that requires architectural
considerations, mechanical facilities, pharmaceutical supplies, industrial devices and business where a dentist performs and carry out his duty
- ideal office is located in a quiet neighborhood or in a quiet commercial building
Important things to consider: accessibility of transportation ventilation light/good water system absence of pollution
Urban Practice
Rural Practice
PARTS OF A DENTAL OFFICE
1. Fundamental Compartments – parts of the dental office that are essential for the practice of dentistry
a. Reception Room or Waiting room
b. Operating Room or Clinic
c. Laboratory roomd. Lavatory Facilities /
Comfort Roome. Infirmary Aids for
emergency cases
2. Optional Compartments
a. Business and secretary’s office
b.Rest or recovery room
c. Dark room – for developing radiographs
d. Store room
The Reception Room or Waiting Room
Desirable but optional features:
1. receptionist
2. reading materials of general interest
3. basic items in a homey living room
4. correct interior decoration like educational work of art
The operating room / clinic Stationary Equipment1. Dental Chair 2. Dental Unit usually comes as one set of stationary
equipment, manufactured to suit either a right or left-handed operators
installed in the clinic more or less at permanent
places
Dental Chair
a. Portable dental chair
- also called field chair- used for a makeshift place
- for mobile clinic
-parts are easy removable or detachable and made convenient for packing and transporting
b. Non-portable or stationary dental chair
-characterized by a wide base and is too heavy
-designed to conform with the approximate contour of the patient’s anatomy
-usually upholstered for utmost comfort of patients
Cart Type Delivery System
Three types according to function:
a. standard or all-purpose chair
b. exodontist’s chair
c. child’s chair
The Dental Unit
1. Cuspidor or spittoon – a bowl-like receptacle for the reception of saliva, fluids and debris coming from the mouth of the patient, usually provided with water pipes to cleanse the bowl to push them toward the drain.
2. Saliva ejector – a metal /
plastic holed mouthpiece which helps in keeping the mouth and the field of operation free from the interference of saliva.
3. Tumbler holder – holds the glass / tumbler used by the patient, generally provided with a faucet that automatically fills the tumbler with tap water
4.Air syringes – gives off air blasts directly aimed to the tooth being treated.
5. Water syringes – gives off a fine, thin stream of water for flushing or cleaning the tooth being treated.
6. Pilot light – a strong shaded electric bulb that can be swung in all direction to light up the mouth.
7. Opaque glass plate / x-ray
viewer – holds radiograph in place for reading and interpretation.
8. Bracket table – holds the hand instruments and other materials such as cottons, cotton holder and the like used by the operators.
9. High and low speed adaptors – devices used to hold the handpieces used by the operators.
Other parts of a dental chair/ units:
foot control – allows the handpiece to function as needed
push bottoms to allow adjustments of the chair to permit the dentist to place the patient in convenient positions
Movable EquipmentDental X-ray
X-ray machine – a diagnostic apparatus used to reveal conditions of tissues not visible during clinical visual examination.
X-ray – a form of energy, of very short wave-lengths that penetrate opaque substance / tissue.
Radiopaque shadow
( lighter ) – objects that are resistant to x-rays ; e.g bone, enamel
Radiolucent shadow
( darker ) – objects that are less resistant to x-rays; e.g soft tissues of the mouth
Types of Radiographic Films:
1. Intra-oral
-standard film or periapical film
( include 2 or 3 teeth)
-Child-sized film
2. Extra-oral
panoramic film
cephalometric film
Hygiene for the Clinic
Attire for the dental staff and patient
1. Laboratory gowns
2. Eye Protection
3. Gloves ( disposable)
4. Headdresses / Head cap
5. Face mask
Wear the right size, dispose after single use, Wear the right size, dispose after single use, immediately replace when puncturedimmediately replace when punctured
Eye Protection!
ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis
Sanitation in a Dental office
• the cleanliness of the instruments in the clinic as a protection not only to the patients ( prevent transmission of germs from one patient to another), protection to the dentists and his clinical staff.
Dental Office – can be sanitized with the use of:
1. Aerosol – chemical compounds that mix well with room air, intended to sweeten air
2. Disinfectant – substances which stops or prevents the growth of microorganism.
Sterilizer – special equipment used to kill or free instruments from bacteria, fungi, virus, spores and/or microorganisms
Sterilization – the destruction of all life for the purpose of preventing diseases
Methods of Sterilization
1. Simple Boiling
2. Steam under pressure ( e.g. autoclave)
3. By hot air or dry heat sterilization
4. By flame
5. Intermittent or fractional sterilization utilizing moist heat – most effective in killing spores
6. Chemical / cold sterilization – sterilization in the liquid form
Disinfection – the process of destroying pathogenic microorganisms by the use of chemical agents known as disinfectants, the term is synonymous with germicide.
Antisepsis – the process whereby the growth and development of microorganisms are merely inhibited.
Pre-Operative Requirements (Patient’s Chart)
1. Patient’s personal information
2. Case History
Medical ( past and present)
Dental (past and present)
3. Clinical Examination
-General (systemic conditions)
- Regional – oral with supplemental diagnostic aids
-Radiographs
-Dental Chart
4. Diagnosis, Treatment Plan and Treatment
Home Care Regimen ( of the Patient)
1. Toothbrush – one
of the indispensable hand instruments in the cleaning the teeth and other structures such as the tongue and gums.
Regular toothbrushing of 3x a day:
can prevent the occurrence of caries and periodontal diseases by controlling the presence of virulent microorganisms.
Can prevent halitosis Gives patient a pleasant
feeling of cleanliness in the mouth
2. Dentifrices – paste of whitening and cleansing agent with appropriate amount of fluoride for caries prevention.
· -pea-sized amount is sufficient· -fluoride concentration of 1,000ppm to 1,500ppm 3. Dental Floss – or dental tape, used for interdental
cleaning method · waxed or unwaxed· 18-inch length of floss is recommended 4. Mouthwashes / mouth rinses – substances that
temporarily reduces oral malodor, leaving a pleasant taste
Dental Instruments
• refers to a wide variety of highly specific instruments held in hand and applied during the actual treatment procedure.
General Classification of
Dental Instruments
A. Operative Instruments
1. Hand–Hatchets
–Chisels
–Hoes
–Excavators
Restorative Dentistry Set :
GingivalMargin Trimmer
Hatchet
Gingival Margin Trimmer Hatchet
Cutting Instruments:
Gingival Margin Trimmer – produce proper bevel on proximoocclusal preparation
Hatchet is used for sharpening Internal Line Angles,particularly in preparations for gold restoration)
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Hoe
Hoe Cutting Instrument:
To refine gingival axial retentionScrape and flatten the axial wall and forming line angles
(Anterior & Posterior Teeth)
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Hoe
Restorative Dentistry Set :
Angle Former
Angle Former Cutting Instrument:
( To refine the internal point angles from cavosurface line angle and axial wall )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Angle Former Cutting Instrument:
( To refine the internal point angles from cavosurface line angle and axial wall )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Angle Former Cutting Instrument:
( To refine the internal point angles from cavosurface line angle and axial wall )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Angle Former
Restorative Dentistry Set :
Burs
Stones
Discs
-these are inserted in the handpiece
2. Rotary
3. Condensing Instrumentse.g. pluggers
Plugger
Plugger
Condensing Instruments:
( Plugger-Condensing InstrumentAmalgam, Composite and Canal Filling Spaces )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Condensing Instruments:
( Plugger-Condensing InstrumentAmalgam, Composite and Canal Filling Spaces )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Restorative Dentistry Set :
4. Plastic Instruments
–Spatulas
–Carvers
–Burnishers
–Packing instruments
Hollen Back
Hollen Back
Carving Instruments:
( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Carving Instruments:
( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Restorative Dentistry Set :
Hollen Back
Hollen Back
Carving Instruments:
( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Carving Instruments:
( Hollen Back Carving Amalgam and Composite )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Restorative Dentistry Set :
Frahm
Frahm
Carving Instruments:
( Amalgam and Composite creating slopes, crevices and fissure lines )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Carving Instruments:
( Amalgam and Composite creating slopes, crevices and fissure lines )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Restorative Dentistry Set :
Amalgam Carrier
Amalgam Carrier:
( Vehicle carrier of mixed Amalgam and Mercury to apply and fill in a prepared tooth cavity )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Amalgam Carrier:
( Vehicle carrier of mixed Amalgam and Mercury to apply and fill in a prepared tooth cavity )
Scientific Hybrid Design:
Amalgam carrier
Restorative Dentistry Set :
5. Finishing and Polishing Instruments
• Hand
–Polishing points
–Finishing strips
• Rotary
–Finishing burs
–Rubber cups
6. Miscellaneous Instruments
–E.g. scissors
B. Prophylaxis and Diagnostic
1. explorers
2. probes
3. scalers
4. curettes
5. files
Gracey Scalers :
Posterior 11/12 Posterior 13/14 Posterior 15/16
+
5/6 7/8 11/12 13/14 TownersJaquette
“ The Package “
C. General Surgical Instruments
• forceps
• elevators
• bone chisels
• mallet
• curettes
Four Basic Hand Instruments
• Mouth mirror
• Cotton Pliers
• Spoon excavators
• Explorers
Mouth MirrorExplorerS. ExcavatorTweeser
Restorative Dentistry Set 4 Basic Instruments :
MouthMirror Explorer
Spoon Excavator
Tweeser
Scientific Hybrid Design :
W. Tip : 112 / 140 Deg.
Length Ave. 145 mm.
Ave. Weight: 0.68 oz.
Explorer:Mouth MirrorLength Ave. 128 mm.
Handle Wght Ave. 105 mm.
Ave. Weight: 1.15 oz.
W. Tip : 2.0 - 2.5mm
Length Ave. 170 mm.
Ave. Weight: 0.88 oz.
Spoon Excavator:
W. Tip : 45mm / no lock
Length Ave. 145 mm.
Ave. Weight: 0.65 oz.
Tweeser:
Scientific Hybrid Design :
W. Tip : 112 / 140 Deg.
Length Ave. 145 mm.
Ave. Weight: 0.68 oz.
Explorer:Mouth MirrorLength Ave. 128 mm.
Handle Wght Ave. 105 mm.
Ave. Weight: 1.15 oz.
W. Tip : 2.0 - 2.5mm
Length Ave. 170 mm.
Ave. Weight: 0.88 oz.
Spoon Excavator:
W. Tip : 45mm / no lock
Length Ave. 145 mm.
Ave. Weight: 0.65 oz.
Tweeser:
Finger Positions REST - position assumed by the third
and fourth fingers to stabilize the position of the instrument
- position of the thumb resting somewhere on the teeth or gums.
• FINGER GUARD position assumed by the fingers of the non-operating hand to protect the parts being worked upon from injury.
Essential Parts of a Hand Instrument
Parts of Hand Instrument
Blade
Working Tip
Shank Handle
Blade or nib – point or head. functional endShank – connects the shaft and the blade or nibHandle or shaft- area where it is grasped
Basic Instruments Grasps
1. Pen
2. Inverted pen
3. Palm and Thumb
4. Position where no rest is needed
END OF LECTURE
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