Computer system

UNIT 2 – COMPUTER SYSTEM

COMPUTER APPLICATION

IN MANAGEMENT

Submitted by:- Kh. Santosh

Singh

Under the guidance of:-

Dr. S. Somokanta

Recap…. Characteristics of Computer

Generation of Computers

Era of Personal Computers

Digital Computers

Micro Computers

Recap….

Organization of Computers Hardware

Input Devices Output Devices

Software System Software Application Software

Computer System

Computer System

Computer System

Computer System

Computer System

Computer System

Memory

Memory Organisation

Internal External

Internal Memory

CPU Memory Cache Memory Primary / Main Memory

CPU Memory

Internal Processor Memory

Embedded into the processor

High Speed Register

Actual Processing

Main Memory

Primary Memory

Communicates directly with the

CPU

2 types - RAM & ROM

RAM – Random Access Memory

ROM – Read Only Memory

Random Access Memory

Read-Write-Memory Random access of data Volatile in nature Manufactured with Bipolar or MOS

technology Types – SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM,

DDR SDRAM, FPM DRAM & EDO DRAM

* MOS – Metal Oxide Semiconductor

SRAM- Static RAM DRAM- Dynamic RAM SDRAM- Synchronous Dynamic RAM RDRAM- Rambus Dynamic RAM DDR SDRAM- Double Data Rate SDRAM FPM DRAM- Fast Page Mode DRAM EDO DRAM- Extended Data Out DRAM

RAM Types

Read Only Memory

Non Volatile in nature Data / Program not modifiable Store BIOS program Types –

Masked ROM – Non user programmable PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory –

User programmable

PROM, EPROM, EEPROM

Programmable ROM Erasable Programmable ROM Electrically Erasable Programmable

ROM Flash Memory –

Type of EEPROM that uses in-circuit-wiring

Much faster than traditional EEPROM

Cache Memory

Small & Fast but Expensive Placed between CPU and Main

memory Size ranges from 64KB to 2MB Types:

Primary or Level 1 Cache (on-chip cache) Secondary or Level 2 Cache (on-board

cache) Level 3 Cache (on-board cache)

External Memory

Auxiliary Memory / Secondary Storage

Store larger amount of data / information

Non Volatile in nature Categories:

Sequential Access Devices

Direct Access or Random Access

Devices

Magnetic Tape Sequentially accessed Read / Write with HEAD device 2 popular forms:

Detachable Reel Magnetic Tapes and Tape Cartridges

Storage Capacity of a tape = Data Recording Density X

Length of the Tape

Magnetic Disks Track

Sector Circular plate of metal/plastic

Coated with magnetized material

Direct Access Storage Rewritable Mapping or Formatting

• Low-level formatting• High-level formatting

Disk Drive

A generic term A device on which disk is mounted Consists of motor, arms assembly with

heads Speed ranging from 3600 – 7200 RPM Information recorded during disk

rotation Uses : Floppy disk drive

Hard disk drive

Floppy Disk

Removable storage device Out of market Size ranges from 100 KB – 200 MB

3 ½ inch HIFD

1998-99

Hard Disk Invented in the

1950’s Originally called

‘Fixed Disk’ or ‘Winchesters’

Storage Capacity = Number of recording

surfaces XNumber of tracks per surface XNumber of sectors per track XNumber of bytes per sector

► Internal ► External ► Solid-state-drive(SSD)

RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Higher storage capacity Uses mainly in the Mainframes and

Servers

Optical Disk Made of plastic

plate with light sensitive recording surface

Capable of storing vast amount of data

Single spiral track Sectors are of same

length Use laser beams for

Read / Write E.g. CD-ROM,

WORM Disc, Erasable Optical Disc, DVD-ROM, Blue Ray Disc

Storage capacity = No. of Sectors X No. of Bytes per Sector

Flash Drive

Also known as ‘Thumb Drive’ or ‘Pen Drive’

Not actually a drive – no moving parts

Based on EEPROM technology Essential components

1. Standard A USB Plug

2. USB Mass Storage Controller

3. Flash Memory Chip

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)

CONCLUSION

THE END

Any Questions ?