Cells

TYPES OF CELLSAnimal Cell Plant Cell

CELLA cell is the smallest independently

functioning unit in the structure of an organism, usually consisting of one or more nuclei surrounded by cytoplasm

and enclosed by a membrane. Cells also contain organelles such as mitochondria,

lysosomes, and ribosomes.

Atom

Molecule

Organelle Cell

Tissue

Organ Organ System

Organism

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELL•Connective tissue is a form of fibrous tissue.

•It is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue).

MUSCLE CELL•Body tissue producing movement

•Can undergo repeated contraction and relaxation, so that it is able to produce movement of body parts, maintain tension, or pump fluids within the body.

•There are three types: voluntary striped muscle, involuntary smooth muscle, and branched or heart muscle.

Muscle Cells

CARTILAGE CELLS

• Strong elastic tissue in the body• found in the nose,

throat, and ear and in other parts of the body • forms most of the

skeleton in infancy, changing to bone during growth

Cartilage Cells

BONE CELL• Types of bone cells:

1. Osteoblasts - These are commonly called bone-forming cells. They secrete osteoid, which forms the bone matrix. They also begin mineralization, and are unable to divide.

2. Osteocytes - A mature osteoblast which no longer secretes matrix, yet is surrounded by it. Maintains metabolism, and participates in nutrient/waste exchange via blood. Unable to divide.

3. Osteoclasts - These function in resorption and degradation of existing bone, the opposite of osteoblasts! Monocytes (White blood cells) fuse together to create these huge cells, which are concentrated in the endosteum.

4. Osteoprogenitors - Immature cells which differentiate to make osteoblasts. May divide.

• The main functions are bone formation, repair and development.

Bone Cells

RED BLOOD CELL• Any of the hemoglobin-

containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood

• Called also erythrocyte, red blood corpuscle, red cell, red corpuscle.

Red Blood Cells

NERVE CELL

• A cell, usually consisting of a cell body, axon, and dendrites, that transmits nerve impulses.

• Is the basic functional unit of the nervous system

STEM CELLS• An unspecialized cell

that gives rise to differentiated cells.

• an undifferentiated cell that can give rise to other cells of the same type indefinitely or from which specialized cells such as blood cells develop

Stem Cells