B23 ppt patterns of heredity and human genetics

Week 23Week 23

Patterns of Heredity and Human Patterns of Heredity and Human GeneticsGenetics

Ch. 12 pg 308 From mother

From father

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pedigreepedigree

A graphic representation of genetic A graphic representation of genetic inheritance, a diagram made up of inheritance, a diagram made up of symbolssymbols

traittrait

Any characteristic that is inheritedAny characteristic that is inherited

heterozygoheterozygousus

When an individual When an individual

• has two different alleles for a trait, ex. Bb, Rrhas two different alleles for a trait, ex. Bb, Rr

carrier carrier

Heterozygous Heterozygous individual,individual,Carries recessive alleleCarries recessive allele

cystic fibrosiscystic fibrosis

Results in the formation and accumulation of Results in the formation and accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs and digestive tractthick mucus in the lungs and digestive tract

Tay-Sachs DiseaseTay-Sachs DiseaseLacking enzyme that breaks down lipid in central Lacking enzyme that breaks down lipid in central

nervous system = accumulation of lipidnervous system = accumulation of lipid

PhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuria

Lacking enzyme that which converts Lacking enzyme that which converts aa phenylalanine to aa tyrosine = aa phenylalanine to aa tyrosine = accumulation of PHEaccumulation of PHE

Dominant Dominant trait trait

Results from one Results from one dominant dominant allele from allele from EITHER parent EITHER parent

Example: BExample: B

Results from one Results from one allele from allele from BOTH parentsBOTH parents

Example: bExample: b

Recessive Recessive trait trait

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fetusfetus

A developing A developing babybaby

cleft chin traitcleft chin trait

Simple dominant trait, indentation of Simple dominant trait, indentation of chinchin

widow’s peak hairline widow’s peak hairline traittrait

Simple dominant trait, hairline comes Simple dominant trait, hairline comes to a pointto a point

attached earlobes traitattached earlobes trait

Simple recessive trait, earlobes do not Simple recessive trait, earlobes do not hang freelyhang freely

hitchhiker’s thumb traithitchhiker’s thumb trait

Simple dominant trait, bend thumb Simple dominant trait, bend thumb backwards 30backwards 30oo

almond shaped eyes traitalmond shaped eyes trait

Dominant trait, eyesDominant trait, eyes

thick lips traitthick lips trait

Dominant trait, lipsDominant trait, lips

Huntington’s DiseaseHuntington’s Disease

Lethal genetic disorder Lethal genetic disorder caused by a rare dominant caused by a rare dominant allele, allele,

causes breakdown in certain causes breakdown in certain areas of the brainareas of the brain

And now for the quizAnd now for the quiz

1 Simple dominant trait, bend thumb 1 Simple dominant trait, bend thumb backwards 30backwards 30oo

2 Dominant trait, lips2 Dominant trait, lips

3 Lethal genetic disorder 3 Lethal genetic disorder caused by a rare caused by a rare dominant allele, dominant allele,

causes breakdown in causes breakdown in certain areas of the braincertain areas of the brain

4 A developing 4 A developing babybaby

5 Results in the formation and accumulation of 5 Results in the formation and accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs and digestive tractthick mucus in the lungs and digestive tract

6 Simple dominant trait, indentation of 6 Simple dominant trait, indentation of chinchin

7 Lacking enzyme that which converts 7 Lacking enzyme that which converts aa phenylalanine to aa tyrosine = aa phenylalanine to aa tyrosine = accumulation of PHEaccumulation of PHE

8 Results from 8 Results from one dominant one dominant allele from allele from EITHER parent EITHER parent

Example: BExample: B

9 Results from 9 Results from one allele from one allele from BOTH parentsBOTH parents

Example: bExample: b

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10 Any characteristic that is inherited10 Any characteristic that is inherited

11 Simple dominant trait, hairline 11 Simple dominant trait, hairline comes to a pointcomes to a point

12 A graphic representation of genetic 12 A graphic representation of genetic inheritance, a diagram made up of inheritance, a diagram made up of symbolssymbols

13 Simple recessive trait, earlobes do 13 Simple recessive trait, earlobes do not hang freelynot hang freely

14 When an individual 14 When an individual

• has two different alleles for a trait, ex. Bb, Rrhas two different alleles for a trait, ex. Bb, Rr

15 Heterozygous 15 Heterozygous individual, carries individual, carries recessive allelerecessive allele

16 Lacking enzyme that breaks down lipid in 16 Lacking enzyme that breaks down lipid in central nervous system = accumulation of lipidcentral nervous system = accumulation of lipid

And now for the answersAnd now for the answers

hitchhiker’s thumb traithitchhiker’s thumb trait

1 Simple dominant trait, bend thumb 1 Simple dominant trait, bend thumb backwards 30backwards 30oo

thick lips traitthick lips trait

2 Dominant trait, lips2 Dominant trait, lips

Huntington’s DiseaseHuntington’s Disease

3 Lethal genetic disorder 3 Lethal genetic disorder caused by a rare caused by a rare dominant allele, dominant allele,

causes breakdown in causes breakdown in certain areas of the braincertain areas of the brain

fetusfetus

4 A developing 4 A developing babybaby

cystic fibrosiscystic fibrosis

5 Results in the formation and accumulation of 5 Results in the formation and accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs and digestive tractthick mucus in the lungs and digestive tract

cleft chin traitcleft chin trait

6 Simple dominant trait, indentation of 6 Simple dominant trait, indentation of chinchin

PhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuria

7 Lacking enzyme that which converts 7 Lacking enzyme that which converts aa phenylalanine to aa tyrosine = aa phenylalanine to aa tyrosine = accumulation of PHEaccumulation of PHE

Dominant Dominant trait trait

8 Results from 8 Results from one dominant one dominant allele from allele from EITHER parent EITHER parent

Example: BExample: B

9 Results from 9 Results from one allele from one allele from BOTH parentsBOTH parents

Example: bExample: b

recessive recessive trait trait

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traittrait

10 Any characteristic that is inherited10 Any characteristic that is inherited

widow’s peak hairline widow’s peak hairline traittrait

11 Simple dominant trait, hairline 11 Simple dominant trait, hairline comes to a pointcomes to a point

pedigreepedigree

12 A graphic representation of genetic 12 A graphic representation of genetic inheritance, a diagram made up of inheritance, a diagram made up of symbolssymbols

attached earlobes traitattached earlobes trait

13 Simple recessive trait, earlobes do 13 Simple recessive trait, earlobes do not hang freelynot hang freely

heterozygoheterozygousus

14 When an individual 14 When an individual

• has two different alleles for a trait, ex. Bb, Rrhas two different alleles for a trait, ex. Bb, Rr

carrier carrier

15 Heterozygous 15 Heterozygous individualindividual

Tay-Sachs DiseaseTay-Sachs Disease16 Lacking enzyme that breaks down lipid in 16 Lacking enzyme that breaks down lipid in

central nervous system = accumulation of lipidcentral nervous system = accumulation of lipid

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