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Covers highlights in Ancient African art history based on the Stokstad textbook (3rd ed) including Benin, Great Zimbabwe, Igbo Ukwu, and more, along with a brief video on Edward Said's "Orientalism" theory.
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Ancient AfricaArt History Survey IT, R, 12 -1:20PMProfessor Paige Prater
Africa Trade with Egypt through the Hellenistic period Greeks traded with northern coast Romans continued trans-Saharan trade Islam: 7-8th century CE –
West African gold Chronicled Ghana, Mali, Songhay, etc.
East Africa: Swahili and trade ports of Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Kilwa
15th century: Portugal establishes trade with Benin 20th century: African art widely collected but
misunderstood
Challenges to studying African Art
Wood Myth of “Primitive” art Contemporary traditions Oral histories Still discovering…
Ocher pigment + perforated shells; 70,000 years ago!
Orientalism = applicable to Africa? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwCOSkXR_Cw
Sahara Rock Art – 8000-500BCE
Cattle Being Tended, section of rock-wall painting, Tassili-n-Ajjer, Algeria, c. 5000-2000 BCE
Nok – 500 BCE-200CE Earliest evidence of iron
technology (western Sudan, present-day Nigeria)
Terracotta Head, Nok, 500BCE-200CE, 36cm, National Museum, Lagos, Nigeria
Igbo-Ukwu Eastern Nigeria Earliest known
evidence for copper alloy and bronze casting
Roped Pot on a Stand, Igbo-Ukwu, 9th-10th century, 32.3cm (approx. 12”)
Ife – 800 CE-Present “navel of the world” Circular plan metropolis by 11th century;
palace at center Stone walls + moats Radial roads
1000-1400CE – Pavement Period “oni” = first ruler
Ife (Yoruba peoples) 800CE Naturalistic sculpture
– 1050CE Continuous dynasty Crowned Head of a
King, Ife, Yoruba, c. 12th- 15th century CE, Zinc brass, lost-wax method
Ife Head Said to
Represent the Usurper Lajuwa, Ife, Yoruba, c. 1200-1300CE
Preserved in the oni’s palace
Benin City, 150 miles southeast of Ife Oral histories: 1170 CE, Prince Oranimiyan
sent to rule Benin (by oni of Ife). 1485 – Portugal begins trading with Benin
Ivory, forest products…slaves 1897 – British sacked/burned royal palace
after massacre of trade negotiators Early Period: 1400-1550 (influenced by Ife) Middle Period: 1550-1700CE (increasingly
stylized Late Period: 1700-1897CE (large/heavy)
Benin Head= symbolic
center of: Wisdom Intelligence Spiritual
communication King-like “Great
Head” Memorial Head
of an Oba, Benin, 16th century, brass, 9”
Altar, Edo Culture, Nigeria, 1959. Photo by Eliot Elisofon.
Plaque: Warrior Chief Flanked by Warriors and Attendants, Benin, Nigeria, 1550-1650CE, Brass
One of approximately 900 examples!
1897 Punitive Expedition (British found in storehouse)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmrdunRXfbw
Benin Ivory• Hip Mask• Iyoba (queen mother)• Iron, Ivory, and copper 9
3/8”• Middle Period, c. 1550CE
Jenné (in Mali) – 200 CE - Present
Great Friday Mosque, 13th century (rebuilt 1907)
Great Zimbabwe Conical Tower
in Imba Huru or “Great Enclosure” 18’ diameter
on tower 30’ high 800 ft long
masonry wall 17’ feet thick
base 1200-1400CE
Great Zimbabwe Bird Monolith (top part) 1200-1400CE, soapstone Over 5’ tall
Kongo Kingdom 1482 – Portuguese
encounter Early 17th century 9 ½” x 28 ¼”, raffia
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