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Types of Trees
Deciduous and Coniferous Trees
Deciduous and Coniferous Trees
Deciduous trees Also known as hardwoods or broadleaves trees
Coniferous trees As known as softwood or needle leaved trees
Deciduous trees - characteristics
Give us hardwood timber Lose their leaves in autumn – except holly Trunk divides to develop large branches Large broad leaves Generally grow more slowly Usually harder and more durable wood Branches are generally larger and more irregular
than conifers
Coniferous trees - characteristics
Give us softwood timber Evergreen - except larch Have a straight trunk Smaller branches Needle like leaves Seeds borne in pine cones Symmetrical in shape Grow quickly Wood is usually softer and less durable than
hardwood
Irish Hardwoods Irish Softwood
Oak Ash Beech Sycamore Elm Birch Horse chestnut
Scots pine
Douglas Fir
Norway spruce
Sitka Spruce
Larch
Oak
Take 120 years to mature
Grow to height of 40 metres
Fruit (seed) is called acorn
Durable, Light coloured wood, easy to work with
Uses: Furniture Doors Flooring Barrels Boat building
Ash
Take 60 years to mature
Grow to height of 40 metres
Pliable, tough Light white coloured wood difficult to work with
Uses: Furniture Hurleys Oars Tool handles
Beech
Grow to height of 36 metres
Durable, reddish to brown coloured wood
Uses: Furniture Doors Flooring Tool handles
Sycamore
Take 200 years to mature
Grow to height of 35 metres
Strong creamy white coloured wood which is ease to work with
Uses: Wood carving Woodturning Violin making veneers
Sitka Spruce
Take 40 years to mature Grow to height 45 metres Shallow root system,
thrives on wet soil (bogs) Forms 75% of trees
planted in Ireland annually Known as white deal Fairly durable with a pale
brown colour Uses:
Structural timber Paper making floorboard
Norway Spruce
Grow to height 40 metres Shallow root system,
thrives on damp fertile soil Forms 4% of trees planted
in Ireland annually Also known as white deal not durable with a white to
cream colour Uses:
Christmas trees Internal joinery plywood
Douglas Fir
Cone shaped Grow to height 55
metres Likes light therefore
branches are scarce Tough, durable wood
with a reddish- brown colour
Uses: Railway sleepers Telephone poles Plywood
manufacture
Scots Pine
Shape is not typical – tall with a few large branches
Grow to height 40 metres Slow growing not
commerically planted any longer
Known as red deal Strong and durable with a
bright yellow colour Uses:
Roof frames Telegraph poles Fence posts
Other timbers
Some timbers cannot grow in Ireland due to our climate
They grow in tropical areas, where they are able to continuously grow all year around and as a result they do not have annual rings
Examples include: Mahogany Ebony Teak Walnut Balsa
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