07 Fractures

FracturesFracturesPages 192-193Pages 192-193

Types of FracturesTypes of Fractures

First classified as First classified as either closed or either closed or compound (open)compound (open)

Open- bone is Open- bone is exposed to the exposed to the outside by outside by opening in skinopening in skin

Closed- protected Closed- protected by uninjured skinby uninjured skin

Comminuted

Spiral

Oblique

Transverse

Greenstick

Avulsion

Compression

Osteoporotic

Fractures

Osteoporotic fractureOsteoporotic fracture

Occurs because bones have weakenedOccurs because bones have weakened Usually in older people (esp. women)Usually in older people (esp. women) Most common in hips, wrists, pelvisMost common in hips, wrists, pelvis

Compression FractureCompression Fracture

Bones compress Bones compress upon themselvesupon themselves

Especially in the Especially in the spinespine

Often from high Often from high impactimpact

Usually in the Usually in the elderlyelderly

Avulsion fractureAvulsion fracture

Small fragment Small fragment of bone detachesof bone detaches

Ligaments/Ligaments/tendons pull the tendons pull the bone offbone off

Usually in ankles, Usually in ankles, knees, and handsknees, and hands

Greenstick FractureGreenstick Fracture

Children onlyChildren only Partial break and Partial break and

bend in the bonebend in the bone How a fresh twig How a fresh twig

would bend and would bend and splintersplinter

Transverse FractureTransverse Fracture

Simple break Simple break cleanly acrosscleanly across

Oblique FractureOblique Fracture

Break is at an Break is at an angle across the angle across the bonebone

If bones stay in If bones stay in place no setting place no setting is requiredis required

It hurts if they It hurts if they have to set ithave to set it

Sometimes Sometimes misdiagnosed as misdiagnosed as a spiral fracturea spiral fracture

Spiral FractureSpiral Fracture

Occurs when Occurs when people fall on a people fall on a limb in a twisting limb in a twisting motionmotion

Produces sharp Produces sharp triangular bone triangular bone endsends

Sometimes Sometimes misdiagnosed as misdiagnosed as an oblique an oblique fracturefracture

Comminuted FractureComminuted Fracture

Bones break into Bones break into many piecesmany pieces

Usually from a Usually from a high energy high energy traumatrauma

Can shorten the Can shorten the length of the bone length of the bone because of the because of the crushing effectcrushing effect

Name that fracture!Name that fracture!

Happened in a twisting Happened in a twisting motionmotion