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INDUSTRIAL/MODERN SOCIETY
In this type of societies, there is a dramatically increase in
the production surplus.
Advanced technologies are created. There was an
abundance of capital, and a surge of entrepreneurial spirit.
Unlike agrarian societies, industrial societies depend less
on labor. It is not as labor intensive as the previous
societies since machines are now utilized to facilitate
production.
Other concerns of the industrial societies were the
individual, the urban environment or the city,
social workers and the other types of formal organization.
During this stage of development of society,
heavy machineries became part of production. Factories and cities began dotting the
landscape.
The industrial revolution started in the Britain between 1750 and 1850.
Like all other countries, Britain was previously an agricultural country. Industrial revolution is centered
merely on the production of cottons, but later on was adopted with other products. By 1850, the economy became based on the industry and factory production.
Technology made the industrialization faster and production better.
Advances in the transportation made exchange of goods
easier.
There is also the trend of specialization. Before the
community has to produce everything that is needed, but due to industrialization, people
started doing specific works wherein the surplus is traded to
other people. Work then is reduced to stages to increase
efficiency.
Industrialization is also associated with the idea of
capitalism. Capitalism champions the idea of free
trade or unrestricted exchange of good based on
supply and demand.
Industrialization, as earlier mentioned, brings with the reality of surplus, and with
surplus it requires the opening of new markets and new resources of materials or
natural resources for production.
There is then a closely connected relationship of
industrialization with colonialism, since more good
produced means that often the existing markets cannot absorb
or consume the supply.
As a result, there is the need to open new markets, to expand overseas so that these extra products could be consumed.
Hence, the expansion of industrialization also meant that Western powers made
colonies in the different continents.
During the 19th century, industrial cities were described as filthy
and very crowded. These sinister effects of industrialization were condemned by Karl Marx as the
exploitation of the rich and businessmen of the poor laborers
and the marginalized.
The industrial societies due to its insatiable demand
for higher production have harmed the world’s
resources. The push for industrialization was to
consume more resources, without realizing that the Earth’s resources are in
fact limited.
The shift to industrialization meant also that reliance of
people for work became less. Many workers were
displaces as a result of the introduction of newer
technologies and machineries. Craftsmen who used to weave and
spin cloth by hand either lost their job or became poorer in the process.
Women and children also became exploited and
suffered terribly with the inhumane conditions of the workplace and low
wages.
Farming lost its steam as urban migration
intensified, people from the urban or agricultural areas preferred working in the city than in the
farm.
Due to this migration, from the agrarian communities to cities, it destroyed informal mechanisms of social control (i.e. tsismis/gossip) which is
effective in a closely knit community, but which is
ineffective in the city where anonymity is the rule.
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