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You may use your 8.1 notes and the vocab sheet. What are some similar properties shared by organic compounds? What are some properties of hydrocarbons? What kind of structures and bonding do hydrocarbons have? What are some characteristics of substituted hydrocarbons?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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You may use your 8.1 notes and the vocab sheet
8-2: Carbon Compounds
• What are some similar properties shared by organic compounds?
• What are some properties of hydrocarbons?• What kind of structures and bonding do hydrocarbons have?• What are some characteristics of substituted hydrocarbons?
Science Standard 8.3.c: Students know atoms and molecules form solids by building up repeating patterns, such as the crystal structure of NaCl or long-chain polymersScience Standard 8.6.a: Students know that carbon, because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself and other elements, has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms.
Anticipatory SetWhat do all of these have in common?
They are all made up of forms of CARBON
InputOrganic
compoundHydrocarbonStructural
formulaIsomerSaturated
hydrocarbonUnsaturated
hydrocarbon
Hydroxyl groupAlcoholOrganic acidCarboxyl groupEsterPolymermonomer
See vocab sheet
Input & ModelingOrganic Compounds
Many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity and solubility. Also called carbon compoundsThey can be found in:
living thingsproducts made from living things materials produced in labs
Input & ModelingOrganic Compounds
Properties (usually):Low melting pointsLow boiling pointsLiquids/gases at room temp.Have strong odorsDo not conduct electricityDo not dissolve in water
Input & ModelingHydrocarbons
Like many other organic compounds, hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. Also, all hydrocarbons are flammable
The most simple organic compounds Flammable/BURN EASILY- so used as fuels Examples:
Methane Ethane Propane
Input & ModelingStructure of Hydrocarbons
Can be classified by arrangement of atoms and by types of bonds between atoms
Only contains carbon and hydrogen elements Can form into chains, branched chains, or rings Each hydrogen has 1 bond Each carbon has 4 bonds There is never a “dangling” bond left
Input & ModelingIsomers
Compounds that have same formulas (same number of each element) but different structuresEach isomer has different characteristic propertiesExample: Butane and Isobutene THEY HAVE DIFFERENT
BOILING AND MELTING POINTS TOO!
Input & ModelingDouble Bonds /Triple Bonds and
Saturated/Unsaturated HydrocarbonsIn addition t forming a single bond, two carbons can form a double or triple bond
If there are ONLY single bonds= SATURATED hydrocarbon
End in -aneIf there are double/triple bonds= UNSATURATED
Ends in –ene or -yne
Input & ModelingSubstituted Hydrocarbons
If just one atom of another element is substituted for a hydrogen atom in hydrocarbon, a different compound is created.Examples:
Compounds containing halogensWith fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
AlcoholsHas 1 or more HYDROXYLS (or –OH)Dissolve well in water, higher boiling points, liquid at room temp
Organic AcidsHas 1 or more CARBOXYLs (or –COOH)Also called citric acids, found in many fruits
Input & ModelingEsters
Many esters have pleasant, fruity smellsCompound made of a alcohol and an organic acid
PolymersOrganic compounds, such as alcohols, esters, and others can be linked together to build polymers with thousands or even millions of atoms
Polymers- many linkedMonomers- a smaller chain
Check for Understanding What are three types of
substituted hydrocarbons?Compounds containing halogensAlcoholsOrganic Acids
What are some Properties of organic compounds?
Low melting pointsLow boiling pointsLiquids/gases at room temp.Have strong odorsDo not conduct electricityDo not dissolve in water
Guided Practice/Independent PracticeGP: Write a paragraph summary of the
section OR
Pick 2 ways to synthesize the notes
IP: 8.2 Review/Reinforce
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