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XLIFF in a large-scale international OECD study. Case study Britta Upsing, Steve Dept, Andrea Ferrari, Heiko Rölke. Overview. Background Information: The PIAAC Study Test creation and Translation Process Overview of process Translation and Adaptation Tools - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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XLIFF in a large-scale international OECD study
Case studyBritta Upsing, Steve Dept,
Andrea Ferrari, Heiko Rölke
Overview
I. Background Information: The PIAAC Study
II. Test creation and Translation Processa. Overview of processb. Translation and Adaptation Tools
III. User experience: Challenges and lessons learnt
Very brief introduction to PIAAC
Programme for
International
Assessment of
Adult
Competencies
• Target Population: non-institutionalized adults aged 16 to 64
• 27 participating countries
• 35 national versions• 26 languages
Goals and Scope
• Goal: “(PIAAC) will assess the level and distribution of adult skills across countries, focusing on the cognitive and workplace skills needed for successful participation in today's work environment.“ (OECD)
• Means: Computer or paper-based tests and a computer-based background questionnaire
• Scope: at least 5000 completed cases (test takers) per country
• Project Timeline: 2008 – 2013
The cognitive tests
- computer- or paper-based tests to measure literacy and numeracy skills
- computer-based test to measure how well participants solve problems using computers.
Example: Computer-based item
Overview
I. Background Information: The PIAAC Study
II. Test creation and Translation Processa. Overview of processb. Translation and Adaptation Tools
III. User experience: Challenges and lessons learnt
Test creation and translation process
Tests to be comparable across language versions-> “Master versions” developed centrally, translation in countries•Translators should not change the layout•Layout should be separated from translation-> XLIFF generated from item descriptions
Item production and translation process
Web-basedTranslation
portal
XLIFF
Translation/Reconciliation
tool (OLT)
XLIFF
Offline test authoring tool(xliff 1.1 generated
from item descriptions)
Separation of content and text
How
much…?
3/5
◄ ? ►
Combien de …?
3/5
◄ ? ►
Hoeveel …?
3/5
◄ ? ►
Wie viele …?
3/5
◄ ? ►
Translation Process• Web-based Portal for Translation
Country1_Language1Country1_Language1 Country1_Language2Country1_Language2
Translation & ReconciliationTranslation & Reconciliation Translation & ReconciliationTranslation & Reconciliation
Scoring AdaptationScoring Adaptation Scoring AdaptationScoring Adaptation
VerificationVerification VerificationVerification
Layout AdaptationLayout Adaptation Layout AdaptationLayout Adaptation
Final Sign OffFinal Sign Off
Final Check…..Final Check….. Final Check……Final Check……
More than 30,000 archived XLIFF files
Several hundreds of thousands temporary XLIFF files
60 translators, 30 reconcilers, 30 verifiers….
Translation and Adaptation Tools
• Item Management Portal to handle the workflow, uploading of xliff and preview of different translation versions
• Open Language Tool to translate xliff locally and offline
• Tag editors to translate scoring information and to adapt the layout (done centrally)
Web-based Translation Portal
Open Language Tool
Overview
I. Background Information: The PIAAC Study
II. Test creation and Translation Processa. Overview of processb. Translation and Adaptation Tools
III. User experience: Challenges and lessons learnt
User experience• For the PIAAC project:– Most problems were related to the translation and
adaptation tools, not to the xliff standard– The challenge remains that tools were – Either costly–Or insufficiently tested–Or not adapted for a wide audience–Or did not make the most of what the standard offers
Carrying information• Management of errata and successive source
versions is a tough nut to crack• Maintenance of TMs posed a variety of
unexpected challenges• Segment status was used to “track changes”
-> are there better ways to use xliff as a vehicle for this information?
Handling of tags
Handling of tags
• In tests with scoring blocks, the proportion of tags versus text was terrifying
• inline formatting that involves tag edition seemed difficult to handle for translators and led to corrupt xliff
• corrupt XLIFF files sometimes detected late in the process, so that a complex set of motions had to be repeated
Handling of layout
Strict separation of layout and text content• implies a lot of work on pre-press but is a • better alternative than translation in MS Word,
where translators introduce layout problems– Safe export of xliff from MS Word or InDesign
+ seamlessly re-import the translation? – Investigate extracting from e.g. an ENG document
and re-importing as RTL language
Dynamic Text• Definition of Dynamic Text Rules e.g. to
generate two identical text segments in the XLIFF each time gender-specific entries need to replace gender-neutral entries
Some lessons learnt, next steps
For a new study…..• Use of alt-trans to store translation and
adaptation history• Customized User guides developed on a need-
to-know basis (for different roles)• Extension of notes– Tool support– Read-only notes
Thank you!
Questions?
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