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X-Flow membrane applications
for Tertiary Treatment by Rick te Lintelo,
Regional Director Asia Pacific
1
1. Why membrane technology?
2. XIGA™ Ultrafiltration
3. The Process
4. Aquaflex™ Ultrafiltration
5. Examples of tertiary treatment » Surface Water
» Ground water
» Seawater pre-treatment
» Effluent re-use
6. Nanofiltration – Silica removal
Contents
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Why membrane technology?
UFC Xiga & Aquaflex HFS Nano
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Media Filtration 10 – 100 micron
Ultra Filtration 0.01 – 0.1 micron
Reverse Osmosis < 1 nm
Suspended Solids microbiology hardness pesticides salts water
Settleable Solids
colour hardness pesticides salts water
colloids Viruses Large organics
colour hardness Pesticides salts
water
Micro Filtration 0.1 – 10 micron
colloids viruses Large organics hardness pesticides salts water
Suspended Solids bacteria
Why membrane technology?
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Choose the right Technology
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Removal of micro-organisms
>Log 6 removal of bacteria
>Log 4 removal of viruses
Main skills X-Flow Xiga & Aquaflex UF Complete removal of suspended solids
TSS < 0.1 mg/l
Turbidity < 0.1 NTU
Superb pre-treatment for SWRO
SDI15 << 3
Low energy consumption
< 0.015 kWh/m3 permeate (based on TMP)
Partial removal organic matter (COD, TOC, colour)
by limited feed water coagulation:
0.1 – 3 mg/l coagulant (as Fe/Al)
10 – 50% COD/TOC removal
up to 95% colour removal
Why membrane technology?
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XIGA™ dead-end UF
XIGA element
Membrane housing
Feed
Feed
Permeate
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XIGA element 1
interconnect
or
XIGA element 2
Bypass tubes:
minimal pressure loss in
housing
XIGA™ dead-end UF
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Standard unit configuration
Horizontal system with membrane housings
4 elements per housing
Unit connected to central Feed, Permeate,
Backwash and Concentrate piping
Available standard units:
- smallest: 4 housings = 16 elements
- biggest: 40 housings = 160 elements
XIGA™ dead-end UF
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Standard units: Max. 40 membrane housings
XIGA™ dead-end UF
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Filtration:
The Process
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Backwash:
The Process
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Chemically Enhanced Backwash:
The Process
Aquaflex™ Ultrafiltration
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8.7” module 0.8 mm (55 m2)
Nominal pore size
20 nm No Bypass tubes
6 corrugated plates
~15.000 fibers
0.8 mm PES
Aquaflex™ dead-end UF
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Standard unit configuration
Vertical modular system
No membrane housings
Individual modules connected to
Feed, Permeate, Backwash and
Concentrate piping
Available standard units:
- smallest: 10 modules
- biggest: 120 modules
Aquaflex™ dead-end UF
Permeate / Backwash header
Feed / Concentrate header Top
Feed / Concentrate header Bottom
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WWTP
Potable water
production
UF RO
Examples of tertiary treatment
Effluent reuse
Seawater pre-treatment
Ground water
Surface water
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WWTP
Potable water
production
UF RO
Examples of tertiary treatment
Seawater pre-treatment
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Location: Palm Jumeirah, Dubai
Design capacity: 192.000 m3/d
Seawater pre-treatment
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Eren Enerji, Turkey
UF Production capacity: 34 MLD = 394
l/s
Nuh Cimento, Turkey
UF Production capacity: 14 + 14 MLD = 324 l/s
Colakoglu, Turkey
UF Production capacity: 17 MLD = 197 l/s
Seawater pre-treatment
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Source: Water Desalination Report, 14 March 2011
Location: Kalba Sharjah, U.A.E.
UF Production capacity: 34 MLD = 394 l/s
Seawater pre-treatment
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Location: Uramin, Namibia
UF Production capacity: 189 MLD = 2188 l/s
Seawater pre-treatment
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Location: Thames Gateway WTP, London UK
UF Production capacity: 189 MLD = 2188 l/s
Seawater pre-treatment
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Location: Shuwaikh, Kuwait UF Production capacity: 350 MLD = 4050 l/s
Seawater pre-treatment
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Location: Qingdao, China
UF Production capacity: 232 MLD =2685 l/s
Seawater pre-treatment
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Location: Nemmeli, Chennai India
UF Production capacity: 222 MLD =2569 l/s
Seawater pre-treatment
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• Location: Candelaria
• Reason: replacement of well water
source (aquifer depletion)
• Proj include: open intake + desal plant +
water conveyance to mine
• Desal plant: SWRO technology
• UF Capacity: 66 MLD UF permeate(phase1)
764 l/s
Seawater pre-treatment
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WWTP
Potable water
production
UF RO
Examples of tertiary treatment
Surface water
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Location: Roetgen, Aachen, Germany
Design Capacity: 145.000 m3/d
Surface water treatment
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Location: Inverness, Scotland, UK
Design capacity: 34.000 m3/d
Surface water treatment
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Location: Minneapolis, USA
Design capacity: 265.000 m3/d
Surface water treatment
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Location: Keokuk, USA
Design capacity: 8.400 m3/d
Surface water treatment
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Location: Mediana, Moscow, Russia
Design capacity: 3.400 m3/d
Surface water treatment
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Water Miracle:
• source: (brackish) surface water
• function: water polishing
• application: potable water
• capacity: 2-3 m3/h
Surface water treatment
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Location: Moscow, Russia
Design capacity: 275.000 m3/d (refurbishment of 56 units)
Surface water treatment
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WWTP
Potable water
production
UF RO
Examples of tertiary treatment
Ground water
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Location: PWN Heemskerk, The Netherlands
Design capacity: 65.000 m3/d
Groundwater treatment
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Location: Clay lane, North London Area, UK
Design capacity: 162.000 m3/d
Groundwater treatment
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Location: Annemasse, France
Design capacity: 10.000 m3/d
Groundwater treatment
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Location: Keldgate, Hull, UK
Design capacity: 90.000 m3/d
Groundwater treatment
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WWTP
Potable water
production
UF RO
Examples of tertiary treatment
Effluent reuse
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Location: Sulaibiya, Kuwait
Design capacity: 375.000 m3/d
Effluent re-use
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Location: Doha North, Qatar (U.C.)
Design capacity: 430.000 m3/d
Effluent re-use
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Location: Qinghe, China (U.C.)
Design capacity: 180.000 m3/d
Effluent re-use
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Location: Melbourne, Australia
Design capacity: 30.000 m3/d
Effluent re-use
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Location: Beijing Olympics, China
Design capacity: 3.300 m3/d
Effluent re-use
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Location: Daqing, China
Design capacity: 17.000 m3/d
Effluent re-use
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Location: Shijiazhuang, China
Design capacity: 20.000 m3/d
Effluent re-use
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Location: Windhoek, Namibia
Design: 850 m3/hr (Expanded to 1000 m3/hr in 2008)
Effluent re-use
Nanofiltration
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HF Nano,
a range of different pore sizes and different fiber diameters
TOC / DBP
X-Flow HF Nano - What is it?
Large Organics
Colloidal Silica
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X-Flow HF Nano - What is it?
Key Performance Indicators: HFs Nano
8 inch membrane module (open NF):
1. 0.8 mm fiber internal diameter 60 m2 (645 sq ft) surface area
2. MWCO 6,000 – 7,000 Dalton
3. Water quality ASTM D5127-07 Grade E-2
4. Removal rate colloidal silica 99.8 %
5. Permeability 100 lmh/bar (4 gfd/psi)
6. Operating pressure 1 - 2 bar (14 – 29 psi)
7. Flux rate 100 lmh (60 gfd) 6 m3/hr
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X-Flow HF Nano Membrane
Potential applications
1. Silica removal HFs nano membrane - Power plants
2. Organics removal HFc nano membrane - Potable Water Production - Wastewater Treatment (Textile) - Reuse of rinsing solutions
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X-Flow HF Nano Membrane
Potential applications: ultrapure
3. Semiconductor industry Membrane in development - Wafer fab
3. Photovoltaic cell manufacturing Membrane in development Poly crystaline cell manufacturing HFs Nano Mono crystaline cell manufacturing
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Silica removal
Downstream of Ion Exchange (IX) and Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Silica is available in three forms
1. Particulate (sand particles)
2. Colloidal or polymerized (silicone dioxide)
3. Reactive (ionized)
Specification for power plants:
<<< 1 ppm (≈ 20 ppb)
Pretreatment removes (1).
IX and RO remove (3).
IX does NOT remove (2).
RO partly removes (2).
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Silica removal
Upstream of Ion Exchange (IX) and Reverse Osmosis (RO)
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Silica removal
Upstream of Ion Exchange (IX) and Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Competitive advantages
• Cost savings in pretreatment (OPEX and CAPEX)
• Currently no competing product
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Performance of new Nanofiltration versus
State of the art Ultrafiltration with coagulation
1. Ten times better removal of colloidal silica
2. No coagulant needed
3. Can be used in pretreatment instead of as polishing
4. HFs nano membrane Pore size 25% smaller than competitive 10,000 Dalton products
5. Status HFs nano membrane modules commercially available Q4 of 2011
Silica removal - pretreatment
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No promises.Just results.
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