Www.ieagreen.org.uk Clean Coal Technologies in Australia A Brief Overview of Research, Development...

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Clean Coal Technologies in AustraliaClean Coal Technologies in AustraliaA Brief Overview of Research, Development and A Brief Overview of Research, Development and

DemonstrationDemonstration

John CarrasChairman – Australian Consortium of the IEA GHG

Programme

Technical Forum, 16 October 2007, Daejeon Korea

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Australia’s Greenhouse Gas EmissionsAustralia’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions

• Australia emitted 559 M tonnes CO2 equiv. (2005)

• Australia has not signed the Kyoto Protocol but has committed to the Kyoto target of a 108% increase over 1990 emissions (to 2012) – currently on track

• Australia’s greenhouse gas intensity (per capita) at ~27 tonnes CO2 –

equiv. per capita is among the highest in the world

• Australia’s greenhouse gas intensity (per $ of GDP) is 0.7 kg CO2

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Importance of Coal to AustraliaImportance of Coal to Australia

• Black coal is Australia’s largest commodity export and is worth $25 billion (AUD) per annum

• Australia is the world’s largest exporter of coal

• Electricity generation accounts for ~35% of Australia’s net GHG emissions

• Australia’s electricity derives mainly from coal (57% black coal, 30% brown coal)

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Australian Research Organisations in CCTAustralian Research Organisations in CCT

• Cooperative Research Centre for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD)

• Centre for Low Emission Technologies (cLET)• Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies

(CO2CRC)• Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP)• Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

(CSIRO)

• All above organisations are members of the Australian Consortium of the IEA GHG Programme

• Until 2006 there was also a CRC for Clean Power from Lignite

www.ieagreen.org.uk

CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD)(CCSD)

• CCSD aims to optimise the contribution of coal to a sustainable future

• CCSD focuses on the three dimensions of sustainability

• Research Programs• Economic, social and environmental assessment • Current power generation• Transitional power generation• Future scenarios and technologies• Ironmaking• By products and waste

• Research Programs deliver outcomes that:• Inform Strategic Decisions • Improve Environmental Performance • Understand Coal Performance in Technology

• www.ccsd.biz

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Centre for Low Emissions Technology (cLET)Centre for Low Emissions Technology (cLET)

• ‘…develop cost effective new clean coal technologies that, when combined with CO2 capture and storage, will dramatically reduce emissions…’

• Research Program Areas• Gasification and core facility• Gas cleaning• Gas processing• Gas separation• Social and economic integration

• Partners • Queensland Government• CSIRO• Australian Coal Association Research Program• Stanwell Corporation• Tarong Energy• Unioversity of Queensland

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC)Technologies (CO2CRC)

• CO2CRC focuses on carbon dioxide capture and geological storage

• Research Programs• Storing CO2

• develop and deploy technologies that can achieve significant cuts in storage and/or usage costs

• Capturing C02

• develop and deploy technologies that can achieve significant cuts (75-80%) in capture cost.

• Demonstration Program and Regional CO2 Strategies • demonstrate through pilot projects that geosequestration or carbon

capture and storage (CCS) is a viable option for CO2 mitigation under Australian conditions

www.CO2CRC.com.au

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Australian Coal Association Research Program Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP)(ACARP)

• To research develop and demonstrate technologies that lead to safe sustainable production and utilisation of coal

• Broad research areas • Underground• Open cut• Coal preparation• Technical market support• Greenhouse gas mitigation• Mining and the community

• Coal producers pay 5 cents per tonne to fund ACARP

• www.acarp.com.au

www.ieagreen.org.uk

CSIROCSIRO

• Australia’s largest research organisation

• Portfolio of energy related research including• Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, CCT)

• Renewables (solar, wind, biofuels)

• Energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors)

• Distributed energy

• Energy modelling

• Greenhouse gas mitigation

• www.csiro.au

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Clean Coal Technology Pilot and Demonstration ProjectsClean Coal Technology Pilot and Demonstration Projects 1. IDGCC (HRL)2. Monash Energy -Gasification/ GtL/ CSS3. Stanwell IGCC/ CSS - ZeroGen Project4. CS Energy Oxyfuel Project5. International Power - Lignite Power Repowering, Drying and

Capture6. Gorgon 7. Zero Carbon - Fairview8. CO2CRC Otway Basin Project9. Kwinana Project10. Latrobe Valley PCC Project 11. Moombah Carbon Storage12. APP - Post Combustion Capture Project 13. APP - Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Project

www.ieagreen.org.uk

IDGCC Technology - HRLIDGCC Technology - HRL

• Wet brown coal drying, gasification and power generation

• Proven at 10MW scale with power sent to grid

Planned: 400MW demonstration project in Latrobe Valley (Vic)

• 30% lower CO2• 50% lower water use

compared with current best Latrobe Valley plant

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Project Latrobe Valley (Victoria) Brown Coal

Advanced coal drying

Gasification

Gas to Liquids

Carbon capture and storage

Status Currently undergoing design specification

Partners Anglo Coal – Shell

Monash Energy

www.ieagreen.org.uk

ZeroGen Clean Coal Demonstration Project Overview

Zero Gen will investigate the viability of integrating coal based gasification and CCS to produce low emission baseload electricity.

• ZeroGen involves Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

• 60-80 MW gasifier storing approximately 320,00 tonnes CO2 per annum in saline reservoir

• The ZeroGen Demonstration Project

•Stanwell Corporation Limited (Stanwell)

•Queensland Government

•Shell

www.ieagreen.org.uk

CS Energy - Callide Oxyfuel ProjectCS Energy - Callide Oxyfuel Project

• The Callide Oxyfuel Project is a retrofit to a 30 MWe coal-fired Unit in Central Queensland.

• Partners include CS Energy, Xstrata Coal, Australian Coal Association, IHI, Jcoal, JPower, Schlumberger, CCSD, CO2CRC, Commonwealth Gov (LETDF)

• The Project scope includes oxygen production (660 tpd), boiler refurbishment and oxy-fule retrofit (30 Mwe unit), CO2 compression and purification(100tpd), road transport and geological storage (50 to 75 tpd liquid CO2)

• Will operate for 5 years from late 2009.• Project funding has been secured, and current work is focused on

detailed engineering design and the development of project agreements.

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Lignite Power Plant Repowering, Drying and Capture (International Power)

• $A 369 million total project costs ($A 80 million Govt funds)

• International Power• Alstom (EPC contractor and combustion technology provider)• RWE (Coal drying technology provider)• Process Group (EPC contractor for CO2 capture plant)• CO2CRC (Technology support for CO2 capture plant)

• 200 MW boiler retrofit in Latrobe Valley (1/8 of plant)

• Demonstrating • RWE steam fluidised bed drying for 60% moisture lignite• 100% firing of dried coal• 25 tpd CO2 post combustion capture

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Gorgon ProjectGorgon Project

• Development of Greater Gorgon gas fields

• Two 5 million tonne per annum LNG trains

• CO2 separation from gas stream

• GHG management via injection of carbon dioxide into saline formations beneath Barrow Island

• 40year lifetime, 3million tonne per annum CO2

• Joint Venture – Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Zero Carbon Power from Coal Seams- FairviewZero Carbon Power from Coal Seams- Fairview

• 100MW power station fuelled by coal seam methane from ECBM

• Capture and store 1/3 of carbon dioxide emissions per annum or 100,000 tpa.

• Project will demonstrate use of coal seams as a source of fuel for power generation

• Seams at 600m -1000m

• 10 year demonstration period

• Proponent is Fairview Power Pty Limited a wholly owned subsidiary of Santos Limited

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Otway Basin Pilot Project – CO2CRCOtway Basin Pilot Project – CO2CRC

Project• Most advanced project in Australia

• Injection, storage, monitoring and verification of 100,000 t CO2 injected under Australian conditions

• Project being led by CO2CRC

Progress

Injection planned for late 2007

• Storage of the CO2-rich gas in the Waarre C Formation at 2100m deep.

• Monitoring of the CO2 migrating plume using a wide range of technologies.

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Kwinana ProjectKwinana Project

• Kwinana hydrogen power project

• Gasification of sub-bituminous coal

• Gas separation with hydrogen providing 500MWe

• 4 Million tonne of CO2 per year to be captured, compressed transported and injected 2km below the surface into a saline formation

• Hydrogen Energy (BP and Rio Tinto)

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Latrobe Valley Post Combustion Capture Latrobe Valley Post Combustion Capture ProjectProject

• Focus is on the reduction of emissions from brown coal power stations

• Demonstrate carbon dioxide capture at operating power stations

• Project participants – Victorian Government, CO2CRC, Loy Yang Power, International Power, CSIRO

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Moomba Carbon Storage ProjectMoomba Carbon Storage Project• Almost I billion tonnes of CO2 can be stored, overall

• 20 million tonnes CO2 per year to be injected

• Stage 1 – Demonstration program

• Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery process

• CO2 captured, transported and injected

• 1 million tonne CO2 per year injected

• Start in 2010

• Proof of concept of large scale storage

• Subsequent stages will collect CO2 from east coast generators

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (APP)

Post Combustion Capture(PCC)

• Laboratory research and evaluation for sorbents and membrane development, and energy integration

• Pilot plant research and development – Australia and China (Mobile Pilot Plant)

• Project coordinator CSIRO

www.ieagreen.org.uk

APP - ECBM•ECBM field trials in Australia and China

•R&D Project

•Aim is to develop technologies to overcome coal swelling with CO2 adsorption

•Project Coordinators - CSIRO and JCOAL (Japan)

•Project to begin in early 2008

www.ieagreen.org.uk

SummarySummary

• There are a number of significant CCT projects scheduled in Australia and beginning over the next 5 years

• These projects will provide invaluable learnings in CCT and will highlight potential scale up issues

• Projects, in many cases, are partnerships between industry, government and researchers

www.ieagreen.org.uk

Thank YouThank You

John CarrasChairman – Australian Consortium of the

IE GHG Programme

john.carras@csiro.au