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Green Chemistry and SustainabilityFrom waste to wealth

James ClarkGreen Chemistry Centre of Excellence

University of York, UK

www.greenchemistry.net

Benefits of the Chemical Industry

Yet everybody hates chemicals!

Pressures on the Chemical Industry Across the Lifecycle

We are running out of key elements

Elemental unsustainability

Location of Scarce Elements

5And who owns the mineral rights to those that are left?

So much ends up in waste

What do we do with our waste?

What a waste!!

Waste is tomorrows resource

We need to encourage the greater use of chemically rich waste as a resource

…Food waste is everywhere too !

• 90 Mt of food waste generated every year in the E.U.27 (incl. industrial and household waste)

• or 179kg per capita

• in the UK, over 90% of the 5.7 Mt of commercial and industrial FW is discarded to landfill

A world of possibilities…

Palm oil waste 15.8 Mt/y

Unripe coconut husks 5 Mt/y

Cassava starch 228 Mt/y

30 Mt/y of Agro-residues382 t/y coffee

1 Mt/y of food waste

Agro-residues 46 Mt/y

Spent coffee grounds 3 Mt/y

Orange peels12 Mt/y

Food supply chain residues

sugarsphenols

collagen

starch

natural dyes

chitosan

cellulose

pectin

hemicellulose

filmsbio-adhesives

hydrogels

natural chelants

bio-solvents

chemical monomers

nanocomposites

bio-surfactants

PVC replacements

Chemicals from food waste

Liquid fuels

cosmetic waxes

solid fuels

hydrophobes

lignin

Visit our exhibition!

Selection Criteria

• volumes available in one location

• chemical potential

• occurrence in different countries

• local Network contacts

• relevance for green chemical technologies

Sustainable sources of

Carbon

Over 90% of organic chemicals are based on petroleum feedstocks- this is not sustainable

Petroleumfeedstock

Solvent

Bulk chemicals

Plastics

Fibres

Fine chemicals

Petroleum Refinery

Solvent

Bulk chemicals

Plastics

Fibres

Fine chemicals

Bio-refinery

Biomass

Don’t use food quality feedstocks!!

We need to introduceGreen Chemistry

concepts and practicesacross the supply chain(s)

It’s not just about how safe the product is….Or how clean the manufacturing is……..Or how sustainable the feedstocks are

Valorising food waste makes your raw material

double greenThe chemical industry is too dependent on traditional

virgin sources of raw materials - sources thatare becoming scarce, expensive and unreliable, and often from regions with uncertain social and political conditions

Why don’t we even make it triple green?

What is Green Chemistry? Sustainable Development and Business

ECONOMIC

SOCIALENVIRONMENTAL

Energy

Non-renewables

cost REDUCE water

Microwave Processing

Clean Synthesis

& Platform

Molecules

Natural Solvents &

Biolubricants

Training, Education

and Networks

Extractables(secondary metabolites

from straw) Materials(primary metabolites –

starch, cellulose)

Bulk Chemicals((Bio)chemical processing of

bulk materials/residues)

Biomass

including food and agro-wastes

Benign Extraction Methods

Separation/Purification

Green Chemical Transformation

Expansion Methods

Green Chemical Modification

Composites

Selective Fermentation

Controlled Pyrolysis

Extraction Technology

(Bio)platform molecules

Green Chemistry/technology

Recyclable

Making use of food wastes…..Switchable adhesives for carpet tiles (InterfaceFlor)

Diverting millions of Kg pa from landfill

Bio-silicates (B&Q)Bio-based composite materials for structural and furniture applications

Future construction materials based on 100% green and sustainable components

More uses for food waste and for ashes…..

Making your processgreener

Chemical manufacturing is largely based on chemistry that

is complex, energy- , solvent-, and water-intensive and produces

a lot of CO2 and considerably more (often hazardous) waste than product

Eco-waxesCharles Jackson Farms - Botanix - Croda - L’Oreal - Processum

Wheat straw ScCO2 extraction Wax products

Cosmetic Products

Health Products

Semiochemicals(Rothamsted)

“Natural” products are very desirable…they need to be:

- derived from natural resources- extracted using “natural” solvents (H2O, EtOH, CO2)

- modified only be “natural” methods (biocatalysis)

Using plant extracts….

Microwave activation of biomassdevelopment of an alternative method of decomposing biomass

One type of future biorefinerybased on single large volume feedstockand using green chemical technologies

to make a range of products

Integrated wheatstraw biorefinery

A new OPEC- Orange Peel Exploitation

Company

50% juice 50% waste

Valorisation of a million ton scale pre-consumer waste to bio-chemicals, bio-materials and bio-fuels.

BIO-CHEMICALS

8,069,705 T/y of waste orange peels

available in Brazil

BIO-FUELS

BIO-MATERIALS

bio-ethanol

Bio-solvents

liquid fuelssugars

water purificationseparations

Natural fragrance chemicals

Chemical intermediates

acid catalysts

catalysis

8,069,705 T/y

of waste orange peels available in

Brazil for example

Chemicals & solvents

Waxes, alkanes, surface

hydrophobes, insect repellant

Waxes, alkanes, surface

hydrophobes, insect repellant

Personal care product additives

Flavours & fragrances

Bio d-limoneneBio d-limonene

Bio-plastics (i.e. PET)

Bio p-cymeneBio p-cymene

Bio p-cymene sulphonic acid:

organic acid catalyst

Bio p-cymene sulphonic acid:

organic acid catalyst

Bio p-cresol & bio-acetone:

commodity chemicals

Bio p-cresol & bio-acetone:

commodity chemicals

Sugars

Bio-ethanolBio-ethanol

Other platform molecules i.e. HMF

Pectin

Pectin thickening agent in food

products

Pectin thickening agent in food

products

Mesoporous carbonaceous material for catalysis, metal support, water purification

and separation

Mesoporous carbonaceous material for catalysis, metal support, water purification

and separation

CHOHOH2C O

Bio α-terpineolBio α-terpineol

p-α-dimethyl styrene

OHJuicing process

Oranges

Orange juice

Cellulose

Recent developments in the press:

PepsiCo looks to reuse plant waste Mar 14, 2011 6:10pm EDT CHICAGO (Reuters)

PepsiCo Develops World's First 100 Percent Plant-Based, Renewably Sourced PET BottlePepsiCo Inc is working on ways to reuse waste

like oat husks and orange peels.

York, the University and Green Chemistry at York

Top 5 UK-ranked Chemistry Department

World-leading Green Chemistry Centre dedicated to creating genuinely sustainable supply chains for chemical and related products;-associated activities include Centre for NovelAgricultural Products (white biotechnology) andStockholm Environment Institute

Top 100 World- and Top 10 UK-ranked University University of the Year 2010

YorkOne of Europe’s most beautiful

and historic cities

• Research• Industry collaboration • Education, including

development of teaching and promotional materials

• Networking with all chemical stakeholders

Activity Areas

The Centre’s Activities can be groups into 4 areas:

NORSCCombining the expertise of the leading Northern England Universitiesto provide sustainable chemistrysolutions to industry

MUSCThe Chemical Industries Associationand the Green Chemistry Centreworking together to create new green and sustainable supply chainsfor chemical products

Anglo-French collaborationchemicals from biomassusing green chemistryand white biotechnology

Green Chemistry and the ConsumerGreen chemistry solutions forthe retailer and producer

Green Chemistry networks worldwideGreece, Portugal, Cyprus, Japan, USA,Korea, Brazil……..

Promoting awareness and facilitating, education, training and practiceof green chemistry worldwide

Promoting awareness and facilitating, education, training and practiceof green chemistry worldwide SUSTOIL

The internationalNetwork foralternatives to petroleum

Education and Training

Contact-based long and shortCourses and Masterclasses

Supported e -learning

Full or Part-time Certificate, Diplomas and Degree options

Including MSc in Green Chemistry and Sustainable Industrial Technology

We need to better prepare the next generation and retrain the existing workforce in the principles

and practices of green chemistry

MSc in Green Chemistry & Sustainable Industrial TechnologyPrinciples & Technologies Principles, Environmental Impact, Chemical Engineering, Catalysis for Green Chemistry,Alternative Reaction Media, Energy, Clean Synthesis, Renewable Resources, Greener ProductsSupporting CoursesIP, Business Opportunities, Green Chemistry Presentations, Legislation Presentations and Literature Research

Research Project & Oral PresentationIn collaboration with Industry

Transferable

Ski l ls

Green Chemistry Network

• Est. 1998 with funding from the Royal Society of Chemistry

• Not-for-profit CLG• One of the largest

international networks of this type in the world

• International membership

• Excellent forum for information exchanges and collaboration

Networking ProjectsGreen Chemistry & the ConsumerEngaging the retailers through low technical awareness of greener chemistry

“Research shows that 80% of the 16 Million people visiting our stores each week want sustainable products”

“A clear majority (of our customers) want this process to be simplified”

“Green Chemistry is not only a solution, it is the solution”

[Mike Barry, Mark & Spencer Head of CSR]

Biodegradable Surfactants

Halogen-free flame retardants

Environmentally friendly bitter-taste

blockers for drugs

http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/gcn/industry.htm#consumer

We must encourage mechanisms for engaging the (very many) users of the chemical industry

Science and Society Engagement Celebration Event (2010)

Pre – HE: Education and Outreach

• To excite young people about chemistry and the positive impact it can have.

• To enable young people to critically engage with ideas and solutions

Impacts/areas of work

• lots of projects and funding at key stage 2

- Discovery Days, Countryside Days, Science Days in Primary Schools

- High awareness about environment at young age, interest and enthusiasm

• opportunities at GCSE/A level stage

(some of) the York Green Chemistry Centre staff and graduate students

The Chemical Industry of the Past(?)

The Chemical Industry Today

The Chemical Industry Tomorrow(?)

Research

Industry

Networking

Education

www.greenchemistry.net

Www.greenchemistry.net Green Chemistry and Sustainability From waste to wealth James Clark Green...

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