Writing Achievement The following describe the specific ... · The following describe the specific...

Writing Strategies and BehavioursAppropriate Achievement

Students:• selectanddevelopatopicbasedonapurpose;demonstrateawarenessofaudienceandcompetencecraftingavarietyoftextforms(includinghybrids)

• writewithpurposeandunderstandtheinfluenceofthewriter• gatherideasfromavarietyofsourcesanduseaframework(e.g.,web,graphicorganizer)tosortandclassifytheinformation/ideas,recognizedifferentperspectives,andmakenewconnections;applyknowledgeofcopyright/plagiarism

• draftapieceofwritingmakingcriticalchoicesaboutideas/contentbasedonthepurposeandintendedaudience,oftenusingword-processingsoftware

• independentlyrereadtoaddto,deletefrom,orreorganizethetexttoclarifyandstrengthencontent

• request,obtain,andmakedecisionsabout,constructivecriticism

• refinewritingtoenhanceimpact• selectlinguistic(e.g.,analogy,colloquialism,figurativelanguage,flattery)andprintdevices(e.g.,printsize,font,pagedesign)designedtoinfluenceaudience

• rereadwritingaloudforfluency;makechangestosentencestructuresandwordchoicestoprovidevariety

• useappropriatetools(e.g.,dictionary,thesaurus,grammarchecker,andtextmodels)toeditconventions,andstrengthenwordchoice

• useavarietyofpublishingformats(e.g.,books,pamphlets,posters,websites)withappropriatetextandtextfeatures

• usespecificdevicestoachievepurpose(instruct,persuade,entertain)

• explainformchoiceasitpertainstopurposeandintendedaudience

• reflectonreadingprocessesandstrategiestoensuredeeperunderstandingofcontent

• pamphlets,posters,websites)withappropriatetextandtextfeatures

• usespecificdevicestoachievepurpose(instruct,persuade,entertain)

• explainformchoiceasitpertainstopurposeandintendedaudience

Writing Strategies and BehavioursStrong Achievement

Text Forms Thefollowingdescribethespecificelementsofcommontextformsexploredingradenine.RefertotheOrganizationTraittodistinguishbetweenappropriateandstrongachievement.

Writing Achievement Standards

End of Grade 9

Studentsdemonstratingstrongachievementconsistentlyapplythestrategiesandbehaviourslistedtotheleft.Theytakemorerisksandattempttechniquesobservedduringindependentreading/viewing.

Form: Persuasive Purpose:todiscussand/ordebateideasdevelopinganargumenttoconvincethereadertoagreewiththewriter’spremiseOpening Statement:providesanoverviewofthetopicandstatesthewriter’sposition(Population density is related to climate.)Arguments and Reasons:providesthreeormoreargumentsorassertionsthathavesupportingstatements(I believe…because…)drawnfromfactsorpersonalexperience;beginstoidentifyotherpointsofviewandcounter-argumentsConclusion:includesastatementtoreinforceorsummarizepositionSpecial Features

- persuasivedevices(quotesfromexperts,examples,anecdotes,flattery,authorialintrusion,irony,wit,humour)

- linkingwords/phrases(because,however,also)- presenttense- firstpersonsingularorplural(I,we)- persuasiveadjectives/adverbs(most,must,strongly)- technicaltermswhichareoftenverbschangedintonouns(apersonwhostudiesclimatebecomesclimatologist)

Form: Explanatory Report Purpose:totellhow/whysomethingcametobeortoexplainhowsomethingworksStatement or definition:identifiestopicwithastatement,questionordefinitionExplanation of how or why:analyzesaprocess(observedeventsinmeiosisandmitosis)showingtherelationshipamongthepartsincludingcauseandeffectconnectionsSummary:canstateunusualfeaturesofthephenomenonand/orreiteratesthemainpointsSpecial Features

- mayincludeatitle,illustrationsordiagrams- connectingwordstosignalcause-effect(if,because,then)and/orsequence(next,then,when)

- presenttensewithsomepassiveverbs(aresplitting/duplicating)- technical,subject-specificvocabulary(homozygous,heterozygous,dominant,recessive)

Form: MemoirPurpose:tocaptureadefiningpersonalmemoryOrientation:beginswithapurposefullead,identifiesthepersonaleventandmaygivethereasonforselectingthetopicKey Events:haskeyeventsinlogicalorder(singleday,flashback)withrelevantdetailsincludingthesubject’sfeelingsrevealedthroughdescribingactionsorusingquotesConclusion:communicatesthelargermeaningorreasonforthewritingSpecial Features

- literarylanguage(powerfulnounsandverbs,figurativelanguage)- linkingwordsandphrases(laterthatafternoon,asIwalkedout)- pasttense

Form: Literary EssayPurpose:toinformanaudienceofthewriter’sinterpretationofareadingtextIntroduction:athesisisstated(thecharacterdevelopmentinahistoricalfictiontextdoesnotmatchthetimeperiodinwhichitisset),theworkandauthorareidentified,andatleastthreesupportingsub-topicsareidenti-fied(language,motivations,andtypesofconflictseemtobefromamoremoderntime)Body:thesub-topicsarepresentedinparagraphforminalogicalorderwithlinkingstatementstyingthesub-topicstoeachotherandtotheoverlyingthesisSummary:thethesisandsupportingsub-topicsarerestatedasthefinalop-portunitytopersuadetheaudiencetoagreewiththewriter’sinterpretationofthereadingtextSpecial Features

- thirdpersonvoice- connectingstatementsinterrelatingthesub-topicstothethesis- formallanguage- shortembeddedquotationsandlongercentre-indentedquotationsasproof/evidence

Form: Instructions/ProceduresPurpose:totellhowtodosomething(useamendellianpunnetsquaretodeterminepercentagesofinheritedtraits)Goal or aim:identifiestopicbytitleoropeningstatement(s)Materials/ingredients:listsmaterialsMethod/process:includeskeystepsincorrectorderwithadequatedetailsfocusingonhow/whenConclusion or Evaluation:includesaclosingstatementoranevaluationwhichmaybeaphotographordrawingofthecompleteditemSpecial Features

- mayincludeheadings,illustrations,diagramsorlabels- numbered-stepsorwordsshowingsequence(first,next,then)- pointformorfullsentencesstartingwithsequencewordsorverbs- presenttenseoftenwrittenascommands- technicallanguage-verbs,adverbsandadjectives(e.g.,dominantandrecessivegenesarecodedasupper-orlower-caseinitials)

Form: PoetryPurpose:toentertain,communicatedeepmeaning,evokeemotionorcre-ateanewperspectiveonasubjectOrganization:avarietyofformswithspecificstructures(ballad,Haiku,Cinquain,sonnet,diamantes)aswellasfreeversewhichhasnosetstruc-tureorconventionsSpecial Features

- titlecommunicatesthemeaningofthepoem- linesoftextusuallyshortandconcise- wordsevokestrongimages,moods,and/oremotions- poeticdevices(repetition,refrain,rhyme,rhythm,sensoryimages)- literarydevicesareused(alliteration,assonance,onomatopoeia,symbolism,personification,rhetoricalquestion)

- thelinebreaksandwhitespaceonthepagemayhavemeaning

Form: Biography and AutobiographyPurpose:togiveatrueorfictionalizedaccountofaperson’slifeOrientation:identifiesthesubject,theimportanteventsinthesubject’slife,andthereasonfortheselectionsEvents:importanteventsaredescribedinalogicalorder(chronological,cat-egories);providesreasonsforomittingsignificantpartsofthesubject’slife(onlyfocusingonthechildhoodoradultyears)Conclusion:includesapersonalresponse,evaluativestatement,oracommentonthesignificanceofthesubjectSpecial Features

- subjectsfeelingsmayberevealedinquotes- supplementaltexts(e.g.,interviews,awards,newspaperclippings,foreword,afterword)

- dialogue

Form: Narrative (short story)Purpose:toentertainwithanimaginativeexperienceOrientation (time, place and characters):attemptstoestablishanemo-tionalresponsethroughthedevelopmentofcharacter,setting,plotandsetsthemoodortone(humour,personalization,sarcasm)Events:developthemaincharacter,includinginsightsintoactionsandfeel-ings,andbuildstensionthatleadstotheclimaxResolution:thecomplicationisgenerallyresolvedandthelooseendsaretiedupSpecial Features

- useofliterarydevicestocreateimagery(metaphor,personification,idiom,hyperbole)

- connectingwordsrelatedtotime(lateron,afterthat,)- actionverbsandverbsrelatedtocharacter’sthoughtsandfeelings- includedialogue(withchangeintensefrompasttopresent)

Form: Hybrid Texts (multigenre texts)Aswritersbecomefamiliarwithcertainwritingformsandastheyreadmentortextsthatmixtwoormoregenres,theybegintoproducehybridtextstocommu-nicateinformationindifferentways(proceduresandexplanation,narrativeandletters).Thedifferentformstobecombinedarechosenwithaclearpurposeandintegratedintooneharmonioustextthatcommunicatesamessage.

ImportantNote:Inallformsofwriting,whereappropriate,allresearchreferencesarecited.

Appropriate AchievementStudents

Contentoveralltopic,degreeoffocus,andrelateddetails

• defineaspecifictopicwithamainideathatsupportsthepurposeandaudience• developideasrelevanttothetopic• elaborateonthemainidea,addrelevantdetails,andmaintainfocuswithminimaldistractions

Organizationstructureandform,dependentonpurposeandaudience

• selectanappropriateformanduseanengagingintroductionthatincludesthepurpose• useanunderlyingstructuretopresentideas(e.g.,temporalsequence,causeandeffect,compareandcontrast)

• haswell-developedparagraphswithsmoothtransitions• hasadefiniteconclusion

SeeTextFormsforelementsofliteraryandinformationtexts

Word Choice vocabulary,language,andphrasing

• includeinterestingwordsand/ortechnical/subject-specificlanguagetoenhancemeaning(strongnounsandverbs,colourfuladjectivesandadverbs)

• usefigurativelanguage(e.g.,metaphor,analogy,symbolism)

Voice evidenceofauthor’sstyle,personality,andexperience

• skillfullyconnecttheaudiencetothetopic

• showcareandcommitmenttothetopic

• generatestrongfeeling,energy,andindividuality

Sentence Structure varietyandcomplexityofsentences

• includewell-craftedsentences(pronounreferences,expandingandcontractingsentenceelements)tosupportmeaningandreadabilitythroughcoherentparagraphs

• varysentencelengthforrhythmicflow

Conventions spelling,punctuation,capitalization,andusage(grammar)

• includeinternalpunctuation(e.g.,commas,semi-colons,colons,dash,hyphen,parentheses,apostrophes)andparagraphingofdialogue

• applycorrectgrammaticalstructuresthatmakethetextreadable(numbers,apostrophe,contractions,plurals,conjunctions,allpartsofspeech,etc.)

• correctlyspellalmostallwords;usespellingsupport(e.g.,dictionary,spellchecker);correctlyusehomophones

• usearangeofprintcharacteristicsandlayouttoenhancethemeaning(e.g.,headings,visuals,whitespace,italics,bold,fontsize,andstyle)

Strong AchievementStudents

Conference Prompts

• defineaspecifictopicwithamainideathatcapturesthepurposeandaudience

• remainfocusedonthemainidea,withoriginal,thoughtfuland/orcompellingideas

• providerelevantsupportivereasoningandmaintainfocusthroughout

What specific details do you think would enhance this part for your audience?What can be accomplished through this piece of writing?

• introducewithacompellingstatementthatinformspurpose• includesmoothparagraphswithfluidtransitions• varytheorganizationalstructurestoenhanceinterest(e.g.,hybrids,flashback,storywithinastory)anduseavarietyofwaystofocusthetopic(e.g.,timestructures,theme)

• includeasupportiveandeffectiveconclusion

SeeTextFormsforelementsofliteraryandinformationtexts

What did you do to help you organize your writing before you began?Here’s where I got confused _______. How can you show that this part connects to the part you wrote here?

• effectivelyincludevividdescriptivevocabulary/precisetechnicalwords(strongnounsandverbs,colourfulmodifiers)

• usefigurativelanguageeffectively

Find a place in your writing where you wrote so the reader could visualize. Show me the thesaurus words that you used to replace some of your ordinary words.What are some words we’ve been learning in (subject area) that would help you tell about this topic?

• skillfullyconnectwiththeaudiencebysharingthoughts,feelings,innerconflict,andconvictions

• demonstrateastrongcommitmenttothetopic• developideasinauniqueorunusualway,revealingthewriter’sperspective

Where did you really try to make the reader agree with you? What devices did you use?Will your reader be able to tell that you know and care a lot about ____? This part made me feel _____.

• includewell-craftedsentencesthatenhancemeaningandreadabilitythroughsustainedandcoherentparagraphs

• varysentencelengthtofurtherideasandcreatealyricalflow

What is the strongest sentence in your piece and what makes it strong?How can we make this sentence _____ (longer, shorter, etc.)?Reread this part and see if it is easy to read aloud.

• useconventionsskillfullytoenhancemeaningandvoice• makeinformeddecisionsabouttextlayoutandprintcharacteristicstoenhancemeaning(e.g.,headings,visuals,whitespace,italics,bold,fontsize,andstyle)

Are there grammar checker suggestions that you need help understanding?Did you use a mentor text to help you with text layout?

General Conference PromptsWhat did you decide to revise after you shared your draft with a peer?What is the best way to publish this writing?

Writing Achievement Standards Writing Achievement Standards