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Canada
United Statesof America
Mexico
GuatemalaBelize
Honduras
El Salvador Nicaragua
CostaRica
Panama
Jamaica
Cuba
Bahamas
HaitiDom.Republic Puerto
Rico (US)
Trinidadand Tobago
Venezuela
GuyanaColombia
Suriname
FrenchGuyana
Ecuador
Peru
Bolivia
Chile
ArgentinaUruguay
Paraguay
Brazil
GalapagosIsl. (Ec.)
Israel
JordanEgypt
SaudiArabia
Kuwait
BahrainQatar
UAEOman
Yemen
Ethiopia
Somalia
Djibouti
Eritrea
Kenya
Tanzania
Rwanda
Burundi
Uganda
Congo(Dem. Rep.)
GabonCongo
Cameroon
Eq. Guinea
S. Tomé andPrincipe
Beni
nTo
go
Ghana
Nigeria
BurkinaFaso
Côted’Ivoire
Mauritania
Senegal
GuineaGuinea Bissau
Gambia
Sierra Leone
Liberia
Morocco
W. Sahara
CanaryIslands
(Sp.)
Cape Verde
AngolaZambia
Zimbabwe
BotswanaNamibia
South Africa Lesotho
Swaziland
Moz
ambique
Malaw
i
Madagascar
Comoros
MauritiusRéunion (Fr.)
Seychelles
Maldives
Sudan
Chad
Libya
Tunisia
Algeria
Niger
CentralAfrican
Rep.
Mali
Iraq
Iran
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Pakistan
India
NepalBhutan
Bangla-desh
Myanmar
Laos
Thailand
Malaysia
Malaysia
Cambodia
China
Mongolia
Japan
NorthKorea
SouthKorea
Taiwan
Philippines
Brunei
Singapore
Indonesia PapuaNew
Guinea
Vanuatu
Australia
EastTimor
NewZealand
Sri Lanka
A t l a n t i c
O c e a n
Hawaii
KazakhstanS e ao f
J a p a n
S o u t hC h i n a
S e a
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
Ta s m a nS e a
I n d i a n
O c e a n
A r a b i a nS e a
G u l f o fB e n g a l
A t l a n t i c
O c e a n
P a c i f i c
O c e a n
H u d s o nB a y
B a f f i nB a y
Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
G u l f o fM e x i c o
C a r i b b e a n S e a
France
SpainPortugal
Italy
Poland
Norway
Ireland
Sweden Finland
Nether-lands
Belgium
Germany
AustriaSwitzer-land
Czech Rep.Slovakia
Hungary
Romania
TurkeyGreece
Bulgaria
Lebanon
Syria
Denmark
Iceland
UnitedKingdom
Estonia
LatviaLithuania
Belarus
Russia
Moldova
Ukraine
Georgia
AzerbaijanArmenia Turkmenistan
CroatiaSlov.
BosniaHerz. Serbia
AlbaniaMac.
Mon.Kos.
Greenland(Den.)
SolomonIslands
SouthSudan
L.
Vietnam
S e ao f
O k h o t s k
$1,284
$475
$5,911
1,316
$1,725
1,620914
133
40189
49
62138
53
372115
37
42
68
74
51
69
55
173
78
41
302
50
45
83
30
6081
60
3150
44
86
48
126
98
35
53
38
3382
51 68
66
60
264
30
201
3642
43
154$297
142
5045
73
$755
688
$835
$263
$243$122
$124
$603
$1,128
$831
322
88
233
294
$652
$1,131
$496
$1,406
$367260
61
64199
66
71
41
4734
49
387
$511
$132
$100
$437
$176
$324$146
$117
$370
$360
$1,895
$1,676
$1,057
$814
$342$124
$189
$189
$137
$223$170
$219$609
$506382159
11395 62
20497 195
187
119
31
116
48
3966
35
33
34151184
14510662
101
200
92
$379
$937
$324$194
$199
$161
103
35
34
31 57
35
3252
5336
126
$15953
55
57
5033
3169
Poland
Austria
Italy
Spain
France
IrelandUnited
Kingdom
Slovakia
CzechRepublic
Hungary
Greece
Portugal
Latvia
Lithuania
Slovenia
Croatia
Bulgaria
N o r t h
S e a
B a l t i c
S e a
Belgium
Denmark
M e d i t e r r a n e a nS e a
A t l a n t i c
O c e a n
Romania
Finland
Estonia
Sweden
Germany
Netherlands
North and Central America
Oceania
Europe
South America
Africa
Middle East
Asia
210,000 ha
180,000 ha
1,300 ha
44,700 ha
23,000 ha
14,000 ha
27,000 ha China
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
82,000 ha+mainly plastic
Spain
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
70,000 ha-/+over 90%plastic
South Korea
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
51,787 ha+about 10% glass, 90% plastic
Italy
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
42,800 ha-mainly plastic
Turkey
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
41,384 ha+about 25% glass, 75% plastic
Morocco
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
20,000 ha+mainly plastic
France
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
11,500 ha-mainly plastic
Israel
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
11,000 ha-mainly plastic
Egypt
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
6,800 ha-/+mainly plastic
Poland
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
6,750 ha+mainly glass
Netherlands
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
4,970 ha-/+glass
Mexico
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
20,000 ha+mainly plastic
Japan
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
3,600 ha-mainly plastic
Russia
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
2,931 ha+mainly glass
Australia
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
900 ha+about 20% glass, 80% plastic
New Zeeland
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
310 ha+plastic and glass
US
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
911 ha+plastic and glass
Canada
AreaTrendGreenhouse type
1,568 ha+mainly glass
mill
ion
tonn
es 1,200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100
ChinaIndia
BrazilMexico
SpainJapan
US
Russia
UKGermany
percent 90
France
Australia
packagedunpackaged
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 16,000USD million 14,000
China
ROW
Germany
Morocco
Belgium
India
Thailand
Myanmar
France
Italy
Australia
US
Canada
Spain
Netherlands
Mexico
20162006
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 16,000USD million 14,000
US
ROW
Spain
Malaysia
UAE
Belgium
Italy
Russia
Japan
China
Netherlands
France
Canada
UK
India
Germany
20162006
20162006
Commercial vertical farming businesses (growers and technology suppliers)Vertical farming is food (mainly vegetables and herbs) grown in vertically stacked layers (such as a skyscraper, warehouse, or shipping container). Vertical farming makes use of indoor farming techniques and controlled-environment agriculture technology, such as artificial control of light, climate, and fertigation.
Switzerland
Sweden
AustriaDenmark
USGermany
Netherlands
Norway
AustraliaCzechRepublic
UKFinlandSpain
Italy France
Belgium
China
Russia
PolandBrazil
Inputs(seeds or seedlings,
fertilisers, etc.)Distribution
Food retail
Foodservice
Primary productionvegetables
Fresh packaging, wholesale,trade & distribution
Processing
Feed & waste
Fresh processing(fresh cut vegetablesand salads)
Processing intofrozen vegetables
Processing intopreserved vegetables
Other processing
10%
15%
45%
30%
5-10%
20-25%
ca 70%
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600
Egypt
Canada
Poland
France
Netherlands
US
Mexico
Spain
Belgium
China
USD million
Peru
Germany
France
Greece
Belgium
US
Netherlands
Spain
Italy
China
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000USD million
Total processed vegetables (USD 150 million)
Total fresh vegetables, excluding potatoes and melons (USD 150 million)
Tomatoes (150,000 tonnes)
Sweet peppers and chillies (150,000 tonnes)
$150
$150
150
150
Onions and shallots (150,000 tonnes)150
Cucumbers and gherkins (150,000 tonnes)150
Export and import within the European Union
The minimum requirement for drawing atradeline for total processed vegetables isUSD 100 million, for total fresh vegetablesUSD 500 million, and for specific freshvegetables 30,000 tonnes.
mill
ion
tonn
esth
ousa
nd to
nnes
800
700
600
500
200
300
100
400
02007 2017
1,500
1,200
900
600
300
02007 2017
10,000
thou
sand
tonn
esth
ousa
nd to
nnes
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
02007 2017
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
02007 2017
Whole fresh vegetables
ROW
Australia + NZ
EU
US
ROW
Australia + NZ
EU
US
ROW
Australia + NZ
EU
US
ROW
Australia + NZ
EU
US
Prepared salads
Preserved vegetables Frozen vegetables
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
perc
ent o
rgan
ic
income (x 1,000)
0 10 20 30 40 706050
Tomatoes 22%
Sweet peppersand chillies 12%
Onions 9%
Cucumbers and gherkins 6% Cabbages 6% Garlic 7%
Asparagus 4%
Lettuces 3%
Cauliflowers and broccoli 3%
Mushrooms 3%
Others 25%
Note: Income is gross national income in purchasing power parity, expressed in current international USD. Note: Includes vegetables and melons; excludes mushrooms. Some countries’ data includes strawberries.
150
100
50
million tonnes
05. Aubergines4. Cabbages3. Cucumbers and gherkins2. Onions1. Tomatoes
150
100
50
million tonnes
010. Garlic9. Lettuce and chicory8. Pumpkins and squash7. Sweet peppers and chillies6. Carrots and turnips
0
100
200
300
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
thou
sand
tonn
es
EU sweet potato imports, 2006-2017
0
20
40
60
80
kg/c
apita
US per capita use of broccoli vs. total fresh vegetables, 2006-2016
0
1
2
3
4
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Total fresh vegetables (LHS) Broccoli (RHS)
kg/capita
1,000
800
600
400
200
02007 2012 2017
ROW
Turkey
Vietnam
US
India
China
Spain
Mexico
Egypt
Russia
Iran
preserved tomatoesother preserved vegetables
preserved mushrooms
26%
10%
49%
4%
24%
12%
50%
3%
17%
15%
53%
3%
Total global area of vegetables and herbs grown in greenhouses (permanent structures) is estimated at about 500,000 hectares, of which about 40,000 hectares in glasshouses and the remainder in plastic greenhouses.
1-49
50-99
200-428
State boundaryEU boundary
unknown
uninhabited
150
150
150
Trade flows of specific fresh vegetables (volume)
Tomatoes (150,000 tonnes)
Sweet peppers and chillies (150,000 tonnes)
Onions and shallots (150,000 tonnes)
Cucumbers and gherkins (150,000 tonnes)150
The data in the map refers to 2016. The data for processed and fresh vegetables (excluding potatoes and melons) is presented in US dollars per year. The data for tomatoes, sweet peppers and chillies, onions and shallots, and cucumbers and gherkins is presented in metric tonnes per year. The minimum requirement for drawing a trade line for the total of processed vegetables is USD 100 million, for the total of fresh vegetables USD 500 million. The minimum requirement for tomatoes, sweet peppers and chillies, onions and shallots, and cucumbers and gherkins is 30,000 tonnes.
The data in the map refers to 2016. The data for processed and fresh vegetables (excluding potatoes and melons) is presented in US dollars per year. The data for tomatoes, sweet peppers and chillies, onions and shallots, and cucumbers and gherkins is presented in metric tonnes per year. The minimum requirement for drawing a trade line for the total of processed vegetables is USD 100 million, for the total of fresh vegetables USD 500 million. The minimum requirement for tomatoes, sweet peppers and chillies, onions and shallots, and cucumbers and gherkins is 30,000 tonnes.
Vegetable productionper country in kg/capita
Total processed vegetable trade (USD 150 million)
Trade flows of processed and fresh vegetables (value)
Total fresh vegetable trade, excluding potatoes and melons (USD 150 million)
$150
$150
100-199
Legend Top 10 vegetables by global production volume, 2017
The superfoods trend
Vegetable market volume development by category, 2007 vs. 2017
Share of organic fresh fruit and vegetable sales vs. income, 2016
Packaged vs. unpackaged whole fresh vegetable retail volume, 2016
Intra-EU tradeTop 10 vegetable-producing countries, 2007-2017 Simplified vegetable production chainTop 10 frozen vegetable export countries, 2006 vs. 2016
Top 15 fresh vegetable import countries, 2006 vs. 2016
Estimated greenhouse vegetable production area and vertical farming concentrations
Top 15 fresh vegetable export countries, 2006 vs. 2016
Top 10 exported fresh vegetables by volume, 2016
Top 10 preserved vegetable export countries, 2016
Utrecht, January 2018Published Cover Photo
ShutterstockPrintingDe Groot Drukkerij bv, Goudriaan, the Netherlands UN Comtrade, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Euromonitor, Eurostat, World Bank, USDA, IFOAM, Rabobank, 2017.
SourcesAvailabilityThis map is published in line with Rabobank’s long-term commitment to international food and agribusiness. It is one of the products undertaken byRaboResearch Food & Agribusiness. Clients of Rabobank can obtain a copy of this map from their Relationship Manager.
Copyright© Rabobank 2018. No reproduction of this map or any part thereof is permitted without prior consent of the copyright owners. The international andother boundaries in this map are taken from authoritative sources and are believed to be accurate as of the date of publication of this map.
DisclaimerThe information on this map is based upon or drawn from various authoritative sources and whilst all reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this map no warranties can be given as to its accuracy and/or no reliance should beplaced upon the same without further detailed inspection and survey. Therefore, the publishers cannot accept any liability or responsibility for any loss or damage and indeed would be grateful to receive notification of any errors or inconsistencies.
CartographyKaartbeeld, Scherpenzeel, the Netherlands &DeVink MapDesign, Westcliff-on-Sea, United Kingdom
RaboResearchFood & Agribusiness
WorldVegetable Map
far.rabobank.com
Rabobank Group is a Netherlands-based international financialservices provider focused on F&A, with operations in 42 countries.Visit far.rabobank.com to learn more about our knowledge and services in the various F&A sectors.
Rabobank Vegetable Map 2018.indd 1 02-01-18 09:49
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