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7/28/2019 World Tb Day24th March
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World TB Day is March 24. This
annual event commemorates
the date in 1882 when Dr.
Robert Koch announced hisdiscovery ofMycobacterium
tuberculosis, the bacteria that
cause tuberculosis (TB)
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In 1982, on the one-hundredth anniversary of
Dr Koch's presentation,
the International Union
against Tuberculosis and
Lung Disease (IUATLD)
proposed that March 24
be proclaimed as anofficial World TB Day.
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TB" is short for tuberculosis.TB disease is caused by abacterium calledMycobacterium tuberculosis.
The bacteria usually attackthe lungs, but TB bacteria canattack any part of the bodysuch as the kidney, spine, and
brain. If not treated properly,TB disease can be fatal.
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One-third of the 33 million peopleworldwide who are living with HIV/AIDS areco-infected with TB.
TB in HIV-positive people is almost certainto be fatal if undiagnosed or left untreated.
People who are infected with HIV are highly
susceptible to TB infection due to theirimmune systems inability to fight offdisease.
In general, while approximately 10 percentof those who become infected will developactive TB, HIV-positive people are 50 timesmore likely than HIV-negative people ofdeveloping the active form of the disease.
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Just as HIV heightens the risk of
developing active TB, so does TBaccelerate the progression of HIV intoAIDS. Without proper treatment,approximately 90 percent of HIV-positivepeople die of TB within months ofinfection.
TB and poverty come together toperpetuate a vicious cycle. Povertycontributes to the spread of tuberculosisas people are forced to share close livingquarters and are often in overall poorhealth. Simultaneously, costs associatedwith diagnosis and treatment createfurther hardship, both for patients andtheir families including their children.
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World TB Day is about
commemorating the lives
and stories of people that
are affected by TB and has
taken a treatment for it;nurses; doctors;
researchers; community
workers who has put in
global fight against TB.
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The government organizes Healtheducation campaigns to inform on the
importance of early diagnosis and
Regular treatment for the patients. A
screening programme to early detectthe disease is also organized. Various
other events like seminar and
exhibition on tuberculosis are held
with an aim to impart knowledge onall aspects of TB.
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TB is spread through the
air from one person toanother. The TB bacteria
are put into the air when
a person with active TB
disease of the lungs orthroat coughs, sneezes,
speaks, or sings. People
nearby may breathe in
these bacteria andbecome infected.
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The two conventional techniques used to
detect TB are acid-fast smearing and culturing.
All detection techniques use sputum samples.
Acid-fast smearing has very low sensitivity and
specificity, and cannot distinguish between
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (the bacterium
that causes TB) and other types of bacilli.
The culture technique, on the other hand, has
good specificity and sensitivity but typically
takes about three to six weeks to complete.
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The Global Plan toStop TB, 2006-2015
sets out the strategic
directions of the StopTB Partnership for the
decade 20062015.
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Sputum smear microscopy is an
essential tool of case-finding inTuberculosis control.Tuberculosis control, aiming atthe prevention of the
transmission of infection,imparts a clear priority to thesputum positives which are thesources of infection in thecommunity. Hence the need to
detect as many sputum positivesas possible
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WHO is working to
dramatically reduce theburden of TB, and halve
TB deaths and
prevalence by 2015,through its Stop TB
Strategy and supporting
the Global Plan to StopTB.
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WHO has developed a new six point StopTB Strategy which builds on the successes
of DOTS while also explicitly addressing
the key challenges facing TB. Its goal is to
dramatically reduce the global burden of
tuberculosis by 2015 by ensuring all TB
patients, including for example, those co-
infected with HIV and those with drug-
resistant TB, benefit from universal access
to high-quality diagnosis and patient-cantered treatment
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The strategy also supportsthe development of new
and effective tools to
prevent, detect and treatTB. The Stop TB Strategy
underpins the Stop TB
Partnership's Global Planto Stop TB 2006-2015.
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Bacteriology is one of the
fundamental aspects ofnational tuberculosis (TB)control programmes(NTP's).. Improvingsputum smear microscopy,the need to upgradeexisting laboratoryservices and strengthenand build capacity to
perform culture and drugsusceptibility testing (DST)are essential.
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Global policy guidance on appropriate
laboratory technology and best practices Laboratory advocacy and resource
mobilization
Laboratory capacity development andcoordination
Interface design with other laboratorynetworks to ensure appropriate integration
Standardized laboratory quality assurance
Coordination of technical assistance
Effective knowledge sharing
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
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That someone in the world is newly
infected with TB bacilli every second? That one-third of the worldpopulation is currently infected byTB? That there are two deaths per three
minutes in India due to TB? That over six lakh Indians are
unaware that they suffer from TB? That every TB patient infects 10-15new persons on an average everyyear?
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The first open air sanatorium for
treatment and isolation of TB patients in
India was founded in 1906 in Tiluania,near Ajmer, and then at Almora two
years later.
Dr Frimodt Moller a medicalsuperintendent, played a prominent role
in TB control in India. This included
training health workers, conducting
surveys and introducing BacillusCalmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
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India had switched over to theRevised National TB Control
(RNTBC) Programme, which
concentrates on the personal
attention of the health staff on
each TB patient. Thus, India
hopes to cut down TB
prevalence and death rate byhalf, by the year 2015.
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In India today, two deathsoccur every three minutesfrom tuberculosis (TB). But
these deaths can beprevented. With propercare and treatment, TBpatients can be cured and
the battle against TB canbe won
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The WHO-recommendedDirectly ObservedTreatment, Short Course(DOTS) strategy waslaunched formally as RevisedNational TB Control
programme in India in 1997after pilot testing from 1993-1996. Since then DOTS hasbeen widely advocated and
successfully applied. ....
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Controlling TB in India is a tremendouschallenge. The TB burden in India is still
staggering. Every year, 1.8 millionpersons develop the disease, of whichabout 800,000 are infectious; and, untilrecently, 370,000 died of it annually 1,000 every day. The disease is a major
barrier to social and economicdevelopment. An estimated 100million workdays are lost due toillness. Society and the country alsoincur a huge cost due to TBnearlyUS$ 3 billion in indirect costs and US$300 million in direct costs.
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India now has the second largest
DOTS (Directly ObservedTreatment, Short course)
programme in the world. However,
India's DOTS programme is the
fastest expanding programme, andthe largest in the world in terms of
patients initiated on treatment,
placing more than 100,000
patients on treatment every
month.
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Political and administrative
commitment.
Good quality diagnosis.
Good quality drugs. An
uninterrupted supply of good
quality anti-TB drugs
monitoring and accountability
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The quality assurance insputum microscopy under
RNTCP had been given a
prime place. Microscopy
has been an essential toolboth for the diagnosis and
follow up of the TB patients
particularly in the RNTCP
areas where declaring a
patient cured is dependent
on laboratory results
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Revised National TB Control
Programme and its recent progress in
DOTS expansion has been encouraging.
As per Global TB Report 2003, 2/3rd of
the additional sputum positive cases
reported under DOTS in 2001, werefound in India. In 2002, over 620,000
cases were placed on treatment of
which nearly 250,000 were new smear
positive cases. In the year 2003, morethan 900,000 cases were placed on
treatment.
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DOTS has been proven to
prevent the emergence ofMDRTB, and also to reverse the
incidence of MDRTB where it
has emerged. MDRTB is a
tragedy for individual patientsand a symptom of poor TB
management. The best way to
confront this challenge is to
improve TB treatment and
implement DOTS.
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Better TB diagnostics that are rapid, practical and
accurate in resource-poor settings are critical toensuring that people receive proper and timelytreatment.
New TB drugs that will shorten treatment, beeffective against susceptible and resistant strains,be compatible with antiretroviral therapies usedfor HIV/AIDS and that will improve treatment oflatent infection will dramatically improve TBtreatment and control
A new vaccine that is both effective and safe forchildren, adolescents and adults, including people
infected with HIV will decrease TB incidenceoverall and, along with an effective drug therapy,could eventually control the disease.
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The development of the Research
Movement was mandated in 2006 bythe Stop TB Partnership Coordinating
Board and WHO's TB advisory body.
The increasing recognition of the
importance of TB research is reflectedby the incorporation of the need to
enable and promote research as a key
element of WHO's new Stop TB
Strategy (launched in 2006).
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