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Workshop on Effective Implementation of IWMP
Hydrology for IWMP
7th and 8th Jan 2013
7th and 8th Jan 2014, PUSA, New Delhi
Vaishakh PalsodkarGeo-Hydrologist, Dept. of Land Resources,
MoRD, New Delhi
Objectives
1. Understanding 1. the components of hydrologic processes2. the quantity and availability of water3. the quality of water 4. the impacts of land use and forest management
practices on water resources5. the most basic concepts of hydrologic monitoring
2. Utilizing hydrologic information resources to solve real problems
HydrologyHYDROLOGY is the science of water that is
concerned with the origin, circulation, distribution and properties of water of the earth.
Watershed /CatchmentWATERSHED, or CATCHMENT,
is a topographic area that is drained by a stream, that is, the total land area above some point on a stream or river that drains past that point.
The watershed is often used as a planning or management unit. Natural environment unit.
Watershed Hydrology
Physical Hydrology (Rainfall, Topography)
Watershed Water Cycle (infiltration, sedimentation)
Large scale assessment, planning
Human Impacts on Water Resources
Physical Hydrology (Watershed Water Cycle)
Water Cycle
Due to deforestation, negative impacts are carried downstream in the form of eroded sediments or flooding.
Poor agricultural land management activities like excess fertilizer application convey negative impacts to downstream areas and may change the soil pathology
Watershed Water Cycle
Based on the conservation of mass:Input – output = change in storageP + R + B - F - E - T = ΔSvolumes are measured in units m3, L, ac-ft, f3, gal, or in & cm over the watershed area
Impacts of Development
50%50%10%10%10%10%
Natural Landscape Low runoff High recharge Healthy summer stream flow Natural pollutant treatment
15% 55%
Developed- High runoff, Low recharge- Nuisance flooding- Lower water tables- Low stream flow
Development Impacts on the Water Cycle
30%40%
GL
AQUIFER
AQUIFER
AQUIFER
AQUIFER
60 M
90 M
120 M
RECHARGE - RAINFALL
DRY DRY DRY
DRY DRY
DRY
IMPERVIOUS
IMPERVIOUS
IMPERVIOUS
IMPERVIOUS
Adverse Effect On Shallow Aquifers Due To Irrigation Borewells
Importance of Hydrology study•In planning stage it helps to assess the available water•Plan and locate your structure as per the hydrologic assessment.•Water budgeting •Link micro-watershed plans with higher-level watershed or plans
Sub-Basin
Sub-Watershed
Micro-Watershed at field level
Basin
Integrated approach
Development and Management of ground water is governed by various disciplinesTopographic surveyStudy of Remote Sensing DataGeomorphological studiesGeohydrological SurveyCommunity participation and ground water
budgeting Artificial recharge, Rain water harvesting and
Conjunctive use
Topographic Survey
Sound mapping and assessmentof the gradient
Peoples participation in projectprioritisation & implementation.
Rain fall Data
Area of watershed Topography
Soil types Geology
Cropping pattern Run off
Evapotranspiration Recharge
Cumulative draft for different uses
Final balance
Governing
factors
Water Budgeting/Auditing
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