View
216
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Work and Energy• Modified 3rd Equation
• Multiply by ½ m
• ma = Force
• Work equals change in Kinetic Energy
• All scalars, use only magnitudes!
• Units N-m, or kg m2/s2 Joules (J)
Work vs. Energy
• Product of force, distance, and how they’re working together increases or decreases the magnitude of v.
• How force and distance work together is very important.– If f and d inline, magnitude of v increases.– If f and d partially inline, magnitude of v increases a little.– If f and d perpendicular, magnitude of v remains constant.– If f and d partially opposed, magnitude of v decreases a little.– If f and d opposed, magnitude of v decreases.– If f but no d v remains constant.
Work and Energy
Work equals change in Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy• Work of spring relaxing from xi to xf
• Work of rock falling from yi to yf
Conservation of KE + PE
• Loss of Potential Energy = Gain of Kinetic Energy
any springy things? height change?
• Rearranging
• Result
If only gravity/elastic forces are acting, or gravity/elastic forces plus forces that do no work,then sum of kinetic + potential energy is conserved//
Potential Energy• Without potential energy
• With potential energy
• Don’t do both, or you’ll be double-counting!
KE+PEKE+PE
KE+PE KE+PE
Forces and Work• Gravity (PE)
• Elastic (PE)
• Electrostatic (PE – next semester)
• Molecular/ Nuclear (PE – take more physics)
• Any other force whose work only depends on endpoints (PE)
• Normal (Never does work)
• Circular(Never does work)
• Friction (Requires fudge factor)
• Applied Forces (Requires fudge factor, or may not be appropriate for work/energy)
Friction and Energy
• Friction is always (-) nonconservative work
KE+PE KE+PE
Work friction
Examples
Example 1
• Child on sled Forces acting: gravity, normal, friction
• If no friction, her final velocity would be higher
Example 2 – Part A
• Ski – Slope Forces acting: gravity, normal, friction
• Initial energy
• Work lost to friction
• Final energy
Example 2 – Part B
• Ski – Level surface
• Initial energy for level slide portion
• Final energy for level slide portion
• Work lost to Friction
Example 3
• Crate on level floor Forces acting: applied, friction, normal
• Initial energy
• Work done (both parts)
• Final energy
Example 4• Block on spring with friction Forces acting: elastic, friction, normal
• Initial and final energy
•Work lost to friction
Example 5• Problem 56 Forces acting: elastic, normal, friction
Recommended