Word Graphs in Architectural Design B. de Vries Joran Jessurun, Nicole Segers, Henri Achten

Word Graphs in Architectural Design

B. de Vries

Joran Jessurun, Nicole Segers, Henri Achten

Architectural Design DraftSketch of Le Corbusier

Research

Related research:

• Intelligent drawing objects

• Sketch recognition

Our approach: Annotations

Design Entities

• Sketch

• Words

• Image

• Marks

Lexical Associations

• Semantic: theoretical, common understanding

• Episodic: not theoretical, individual perception

(After Silbermann)

Word Graphs

Lexicon WordNet

Visualize DOT

User SemanticAssociations

Words

Images ofWord graphs

Uses

Uses

Direct RelationsNoun  

Synonym Equivalent

Antonym Exact Opposite

Hyponym Subordinate – … is a kind of

Hypernym Superordinate – is a kind of …

Meronym Is a part of

Holonym Is a whole of

Verb  

Synonym Equivalent

Antonym Exact Opposite

Troponym Particular ways to do this

Hypernym Superordinate – is one way to…

Entailment Cannot without, … entails doing

Adjective  

Synonym Equivalent

Antonym Exact Opposite

Similar Not exactly the same

Pertainym Relational Adjective

Adverb  

Synonym Equivalent

Antonym Exact Opposite

Indirect Relations

• Hypernym2

• Holonym2

Word Graph test system

Redundancy Filtering

• Ignore Transitive Hypernyms

• Ignore Transitive Holonyms

• Ignore Secondary Synonyms

house

building

structure

Relevance Filtering

• Ignore Same Syntax Words

• Remove Generated Distractors

wall wall

structure wall

object

Word Recognition

Experiment (brief)

• Prototype recordings

• Panel ratings

• Questionnaire

19 Professional Architects

Experiment Set-Up

Snapshot Work Desk

Results(1)

Is the design positively influenced?

Answer: Not significantly

Observation: Correlation with attitude towards words

Results(2)

Does the architect have more associations, ideas, and concepts?

Answer: Yes

Observation: Increase of design activity after acceptance of word graph

Results(3)

Which word graphs are accepted by architects and why?

•New words (49%)•Graph structure (20%)•Relationship between new and existing words (28%)

Results(4)

Is fixation reduced?

Answer: Not significantly

Observation: Dependent on abstraction level assignment

Results(5)

Is the design process positively influenced?

Answer: Yes

Observation: Correlation with attitude towards words

Outlook

• Personalized Design Ontology

• Design Indexing by Annotation

• Marks for Episodic Associations

Acknowledgements

Nicole Segers

Computational Representations of Words and Associations in

Architectural Design

www.ddss.arch.tue.nl