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What was Germany called after the war?
The Weimar Republic
Explain why it got this new name? [2]
• WEIMAR – Because Germany’s capital (Berlin) was too unsafe to meet in, so they
met in Weimar instead.
• REPUBLIC – Because it now had an elected leader (a President) instead of a
King or KAISER.
• The Kaiser had run off to Holland at the end of the war!
What did many Germans believe their leaders had
done to them by ending the war?
STABBED THEM IN THE BACK!!
When was this treaty signed?
July
1919
What’s a good way of remembering the key terms of the treaty?
L A M BLANDARMY
MONEY BLAME
In terms of land, list two of the key terms.
• Germany lost 13% of its land (and about 6 million people who lived
there).
• Germany was split in two to give Poland access to the sea (the Polish
Corridor).
What size of army was Germany allowed?
100,000soldiers
Who did the treaty blame for startingthe war?
Germany
What was the name of the massive fines Germany had to pay as a
result?
REPARATIONS
How much did Germany have to pay in total?
£6,600 million!!
Why did Germany have no choice but to accept the treaty?
• She would be invaded if she didn’t accept the terms.
Who were the Freikorps?
• Soldiers who had fought in the First
World War, who now joined together.
• They hated the new democratic Weimar Republic – they saw democracy as weak.
• BUT THEY HATED COMMUNISM MORE!
Were they left-wing or right-wing?
RIGHT-WING!!![They hated democracy, and wanted the
strong leadership of the Kaiser back]
Which group tried to take power in 1919? Were they extreme left-wing or extreme right-
wing?
SPARTACISTS
• They were a LEFT-WING, COMMUNIST
group.
Which group stopped them? Were they extreme left-wing or extreme right-
wing?
THE FREIKORPS!!!
•They were RIGHT-WING
[They hated democracy, and wanted the strong leadership of the Kaiser back]
Which group tried to take power in the 1920 KappPutsch?
THE FREIKORPS!!!
• They thought that the Weimar Republic was so weak that it would be easy to take over.
• Led by Dr Kapp.
How was the Kapp Putsch by the Freikorps stopped?
A strike by Berlin’s workers.
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
Why did the French invade the Ruhr in 1923?
Because Germany had not paid any reparations in 1922, and under the
terms of Versailles France was allowed to invade and help herself to
what she wanted from Germany.
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
How did the Germans react to the French invasion?
PASSIVE RESISTANCE
• The Germans couldn’t fight the French – small army and too weak after the war, so they everyone in the Ruhr went on strike instead = Passive
Resistance.
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
What economic problem did Passive Resistance lead to?
1923!!! - HYPERINFLATION!!! – 1923!!!
• The German government had told all its workers to stop working, but it still had
to pay them! It did this by printing loads of money, but this meant that
money lost all its value!!
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
Give examples of how Hyperinflation made life difficult for Germans.
• Money lost all its value – at one stage an egg cost 80 million marks.
• People had to carry money around in wheelbarrows.
• By the time you got to the front of a queue the price of what you were buying had
doubled.
1923 – YEAROF CRISIS!
Give two groups of people who really suffered from Hyperinflation?
• 1) Pensioners – they were on a fixed income. There was no way this could
keep up with the crazy prices.
• 2) People with savings in the bank. Their savings had lost all their value.
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
Which man solved Hyperinflation, and how did he do it? [2 key measures]
STRESEMANN
1) Ended Passive Resistance
2) Introduced a new currency – the Rentenmark
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
Why was ending Passive Resistance so unpopular with right-wing extremists like the Nazis?
It was like “giving in” to the French.
• It was as if Stresemann was saying the Treaty of Versailles was fair, and
that Germany should be paying reparations.
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
What did the Nazis do at the end of 1923 which showed how angry they were?
The Munich Putsch
Hitler and the Nazis tried to start a national revolution in Munich. It
failed.
1923 - YEAR OF CRISIS!
Why did the Munich Putsch fail?
• Hitler had assumed the army and police would support him and join in.
• They did not.
1923- YEAR OF CRISIS!
What important lesson did Hitler learn from the failure of the Munich Putsch?
• That he would have to take power legally, and GET VOTED IN TO
POWER.
• He had tried a violent revolution and it had failed.
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
What is the correct order of the following 5 events of 1923?
• Ending of Passive Resistance• Hyperinflation• Munich Putsch
• Invasion of the Ruhr• Passive Resistance
1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS!
Correct order of events:
1) Invasion of the Ruhr2) Passive Resistance
3) Hyperinflation4) Ending of Passive Resistance
5) Munich Putsch
Name the job that Stresemann did in the German government.
Chancellor
What two things did Stresemann do to end the crisis of
hyperinflation?
• Introduce a new currency – the RENTENMARK
• Called off passive resistance
43) What happened in 1924 that showed that he was helping? How
did it help Germany?
The DAWES PLAN gave Germany longer to pay the Allies and the US lent them 800
million marks!
• It helped Germany because they could thenimprove housing, hospitals, schools and
roads
What was decided at the Locarno Pact of 1925?
Germany, France, Belgium & Italy agreed
not to invade one another
Which organisation was Germany allowed to join in 1926?
The LEAGUE OF NATIONS!
Why was Stresemann unpopular with right-wing extremists?
They thought he was weak because he:
had “given in” to the French over the Ruhr crisis
he had agreed to fulfil the terms of Versailles
What happened in 1929 which helped Germany?
The YOUNG PLAN lowered the reparations that Germany had to pay
Which event in 1929 brought the Golden Years to an end?
The Wall Street Crash
Did Hitler take power by force?
NO NO NO!!!
What lesson had the failure of the Munich Putsch taught Hitler?
To take power legally!
Which event in 1929 played a key role in helping Hitler come to
power?
The Wall Street Crash
As one thing in Germany got worse and worse, more and more people voted for the Nazis. What was that thing and how big was
the problem by 1932?
Unemployment
6 million unemployed by1932!!!
The Nazis twisted the truth and told lies to win people’s support.
What’s the word for this?
Propaganda!
Give an example of a key Nazi slogan used in the elections.
“Hitler – our lasthope!”
Why did the fact that the Communists were getting stronger
actually help the Nazis?
Because many people really FEARED that
the Communists would take over thecountry. So they turned to the Nazis
instead!
Who was the President of Germany both before & after Hitler came to
power?
HINDENBURG!
What were the names of the 3 chancellors who failed to solve the problems of the Great Depression?
1) Bruning
2) Papen
3) Schleicher
What percentage voted for Nazis in 1928?
2%(the year before the Wall
Street Crash!)
What percentage voted for Nazis in 1932?
37% !!!(After the Wall Street Crash – by 1932 6
million people were unemployed.)
Why did Hindenburg have no choice but to ask Hitler to become
Chancellor?
3 Chancellors had come and gone in three years (B,P,S) and all
failed– Hindenburg chose Hitler because he was the most
popular figure …
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
30thJanuary 1933
1923 KEY ECONOMIC PROBLEM = ?
HYPERINFLATION
1924 – MASSIVE FINANACIAL BOOST = ?
DAWES PLAN
1929 – AMERICA’S ECONOMY COLLAPSES = ?
Wall Street Crash
1929-32 – KEY ECONOMIC PROBLEM IN GERMANY = ?
UNEMPLOYMENT !!!UNEMPLOYMENT !!!
6 million in 19326 million in 1932
What kind of leader did Hitler plan to be?
Dictator!
Was Hitler President or Chancellor? Who was the only man
in Germany more powerful than him?
Hitler = Chancellor
Hindenburg = President, i.e.more powerful than Hitler!
What happened in February 1933?
The Reichstag Fire!
Which party was banned as a result?
Communist Party was banned
What was the Enabling Law?
This law gave Hitler the power topass laws without going throughthe Reichstag (parliament) or the
President. This would place allpower in his hands!
What happened to all of Germany’s trade unions in May
1933?
Trade Unions were banned and union
leaders were arrested.
Which Nazi-controlled organisation replaced trade unions?
The GermanLabour Front
(DAF)
What else was banned in 1933?
All politica
l parties
!
Who was the leader of the SA/Brownshirts?
Rohm
What was the event when all the leaders of the SA were murdered, and in which year did it happen?
The Night of the Long Knives!
1934
What did Hitler do when Hindenburg died in 1934, and
what title beginning with “F” did he give himself?
Hitler made himself President as well asChancellor
He called himself the Fuhrer (supremeleader)
How did the army now show their loyalty to Hitler?
The army took an oath ofpersonal loyalty to
Hitler.
Hitler was now SupremeCommander
of the Armed Forces.
What was the name of Hitler’s personal protection squad that was about to get much more
powerful?
The SS (Schutzstaffe
l)
Give another name for the SS.
Blackshirts
Who was its leader?
Himmler
Name one of their key roles in Nazi Germany.
Sent lots of peoplethe Nazis didn’t like
to concentrationcamps
List 3 groups of people who were sent to concentration camps.
Jewish people
The mentally ill or disabled
Homosexuals
What was the name of the secret state police?
Gestapo
In what situation could they arrest people?
Arrest people
without trial
Why did the opponents of the Nazis never get a fair trial?
Because thejudges were
Nazi!
Which other group of people did the Nazis use to spy on people?
Informers
Who was in charge of propaganda for the Nazis?
Goebbels
What is the word for the way in which the Nazis controlled everything the newspapers could and couldn’t say?
Censorship
Where did the Nazis hold their main annual rally
Nuremberg
What kind of messages were they trying to send out at these
massive rallies?
That the Nazis were all-powerful, in control and
they were going to make the future ofGermany great again.
They wanted to demonstrate that they could bring ORDER out of
chaos!
Which piece of new technology did the Nazis exploit to spread their
message into most German homes?
Radio
By 1939 what proportion of Germans owned this new
technology?
70%
Give an example of a specific Nazi propaganda film.
“TheEternal Jew”
Give one example of History being written by the Nazis.
That Jews were to blame for losing Germany WWI
Which type of music did the Nazis ban and why? [2]
Jazz, because it was “black people’s
music”
What was Germany’s key economic problem in 1933?
Unemployment!
Name two things the Nazis did to solve this.
1) Huge building programme – autobahns, schools, hospitals,
houses…
2) Removed Jews & women from the unemployment register
How successful were their policies, i.e. how many unemployed were
there by 1939?
None, the Nazis had “solved”
unemployment
What is the word for forcing all young men aged 18-25 to join the
army?
Conscription!
Which Treaty banned this?
Treaty of Versailles!!
What was the aim of the Office of the Four Year Plan?
To make Germany ready for war
within 4 YEARS
Who was in charge of it?
Goering
One of his aims was to make Germany self-sufficient. What
does this mean?
Making Germany non-reliant on
imports
What question did he famously ask the German people?
“Would you rather have guns or
butter?”
What is another term for “persecution of the Jews?”
Holocaust
Even before the Nazis came to power they were blaming the Jews for
Germany’s problems. Name one of the problems the Nazis blamed them for.
The humiliatingTreaty of Versailles
Which anti-Jewish event did the Nazis organise in 1933?
Burning of Jewish books
What was the name of the anti-Jewish laws introduced in 1935?
Nuremberg Laws
"I am the greatest pig in town - I have affairs with Jews only."
Name two rights which these laws of 1935 took away from Jews.
1. Jews and Aryans could not marry or have sexual intercourse
2. Jews were deprived of their German citizenship (they did not have “German
blood”)
What happened on the “Night of Broken Glass,” and when did it
take place?
Jewish homes, shopsand businesses were
attacked and destroyed,leaving the streets
covered in smashedwindows. Afterwards
lots of Jews were taken toConcentration camps.
NOVEMBER 1938
What was the so-called “Final Solution,” and when did the Nazis
decide on it?
Final Solution = the decisionto exterminate the Jewish
race
1942
The Nazis tried to brainwash young people into supporting them – what is another word
for brainwashing?
Indoctrination
What was the name of the Nazi Youth organisation?
Hitler Youth
In which year was membership made compulsory, i.e. were all young
people forced to join this?
1935
List two different activities boys did in the Hitler Youth, and
explain why they did them. [2]
1. Jump out of a first floor window wearing full combat gear. This
would train them for the dangerous activities in the army
2. Listen to Nazi ideas. This would help them to become
indoctrinated with Nazi ideals.
What was the equivalent of the Hitler Youth for girls?
League of German Maidens
List two different activities girls did in this organisation, and
explain why they did them. [2]
• Learn how to cook. This would help them to become good Aryan
housewives to their husbands.• Encouraged to have babies. This
would help them produce a new generation of Aryans that Hitler
could put in his army.
Schools were also important to the Nazis. What did teachers have to do if they wanted to
carry on teaching?
• Teachers had to agree to teach the Nazi ideas otherwise they were
sacked
Give an example of how lessons changed under the Nazis.
In Biology students were taught the ideas of Nazi racial policy.
For example, the idea of Aryan superiority.
Name two groups of young people
that opposed the Nazis.
1.The White Rose2.The Edelweiss
Pirates
Which 3 Ks sum up Nazi policies towards women, and what do
they mean in English? [2]
• Kinder, Kirche, Kuche
• Children, Church, Cooking
Which of all the above was a woman’s most important job
according to the Nazis?
Having lots of healthy Aryan children
Why were boys needed in particular by Germany?
To become a new generation of soldiers for Hitler’s army
Name one scheme the government introduced to encourage more
marriages.
• Marriage loans. • The more children they had, the less
they had to pay back
Explain how the medal system worked for mothers.
Medals were awarded for having children. Gold for eight, silver for six,
bronze for four.
What were Mothers’ Schools?
Places where women were
trained how to be a good Nazi mother.
What did the Nazis tell childless couples to do?
They were encouraged to divorce
What happened to women doctors, civil servants and teachers in Nazi Germany?
They were sacked and replaced by
men
How were women supposed to look in Nazi Germany?
• They had to wear simple clothes. No trousers, dyed hair or high heels
were allowed. Make up was frowned upon.
• They needed to be strong and solid to have lots of children.
What had the Nazis banned in 1933 to make sure there was
very little opposition? [2]
1.Other political parties
2.Trade Unions
Where were people sent if they criticised the Nazis?
Concentration Camps
What proportion of Communist party members were arrested by the Nazis?
Two thirds
What was the name of the Nazi Church that was set up?
Reich Church
What event in 1938 did the Church not criticise?
• Kristallnacht• The Night of Broken
Glass
Name one famous priest who did have the courage to speak out against
the Nazis
Dietrich Bonhoffer
Which event in 1934 meant that the army was very grateful to
Hitler?
The Night of the Long knives.
• This was when Hitler eliminated opposition from the SA.
In which year was there a famous army bomb plot to murder Hitler?
1944(July)
Why was opposition from young people so worrying to the Nazis?
Because they were the most important
generation to Hitler. He wanted them to continue
his Reich by being soldiers and mothers.
What was the full name of this opposition group – ‘the ________
Pirates’?
Edelweiss
What kind of things did they do to oppose the Nazis? [2]
• Avoided Hitler Youth meetings and had fun.• They listened to American music and
wore fashionable clothes
What did one group of them do in Cologne in 1944?
Killed a Hitler Youth leader.(They were hanged in
revenge.)
What was the name of the student opposition group in Munich?
The White Rose
(They spread anti-Nazi messages through leaflets, posters and graffiti.)
Question 1 (4marks)
• A source question:• “What can you learn about…….”– Give 2 inferences from the sources
Question 2 (9marks)
• Choose one of the boxes and explain why it was important connected to the
question
• Make sure you link your box to what the question is asking you
• Go into depth and make 3-4 points• Write about at least 1 page
Question 3 or Question 4 (12marks)
• You must choose to answer either Q3 or Q4
• Some examples of these explain questions are;
– Why were the Nazis able to do something– In what ways did the Nazis do something
– Why did something change
• YOU MUST use the box. Explain EACH point and then try and add you own
points.• Write at least 1 and a half to 2 pages
Question 5 or Question 6(9 & 16 marks)
• You must choose to answer either Q5 or Q6
• The question has two parts; Part A worth 9 marks & Part B worth 16
• You must then answer both parts of the question you choose. So if you choose Q5
you will answer Q5 Part A & Part B
• When you make your choice you must consider Part B as it has 16 marks
Question 5 or Question 6Part A – 9 marks
• This is a describe question. It may start with; ‘desribe this...’
• It may also start with; ‘in what ways did...’
• You may be asked to describe the affects of something, the role someone had or how something was carried out.
• Make 3-4 points• Write at least 1 page
Question 5 or Question 6Part B – 16 marks
• This will always be a statement• You must say why you agree & disagree
• Then come to a conclusion• You must use the box. Explain each point and then add you own points too.• Stay focused on the question. Every
paragraph must link to the question
And finally!
• Show off! The exam board does not want to trip you up, it is an opportunity to show off your knowledge and your skills.
• Remember timing! You can do the 16 mark questions first. Watch the clock and remember a mark a minute.
• Have the eye of the tiger! Be confident, the A*-C grade is yours for the taking. Go get it!
• Don’t get forget Breakfast from 8.00am
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