What do the words “necessary and proper” mean?

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

What do the words “necessary and proper”

mean?

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Two views on Constitutional interpretation

View #1 – Strict Constructionists• When interpreting, stick strictly to the words• “necessary” means “absolutely necessary”• Favors state power

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Two views on Constitutional interpretation

View #1 – Strict Constructionists• When interpreting, stick strictly to the words• “necessary” means “absolutely necessary”• Favors state power• Favors smaller (national) government• Thomas Jefferson• George W. Bush

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Two views on Constitutional interpretation

View #2 – Liberal Constructionists• When interpreting, read between the lines• “living document” interpretation• “necessary” means “convenient and useful”• Favors national power• Favors larger (national) government• Alexander Hamilton• Barack Obama

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Non-legislative PowersI. Proposing amendmentsII. Electoral power

A. Select president and / or vice president

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

How many electors does Indiana have?9 + 2 = 11

How many electors are there altogether?435 + 100 = 535 D.C. + 3 = 538

How many electors does it take to win?538 / 2 = 269 + 1 = 270

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Non-legislative PowersI. Proposing amendmentsII. Electoral power

A. Select president and / or vice presidentB. Confirming a Vice President

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Non-legislative PowersI. Proposing amendmentsII. Electoral power

A. Select president and / or vice presidentB. Confirming a Vice President

President Vice President

X

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Non-legislative PowersI. Proposing amendmentsII. Electoral power

A. Select president and / or vice presidentB. Confirming a Vice President

President Vice President

X

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Non-legislative PowersI. Proposing amendmentsII. Electoral power

A. Select president and / or vice presidentB. Confirming a Vice President

President Vice President

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Before the 25th Amendment, what would happen if there

was a vacancy in the vice presidency?

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Non-legislative PowersI. Proposing amendmentsII. Electoral power

A. Select president and / or vice presidentB. Confirming a Vice President

III. ImpeachmentA. House impeaches, Senate holds trialB. Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton

Powers of Congress – Part 2

Non-legislative PowersI. Proposing amendmentsII. Electoral power

A. Select president and / or vice presidentB. Confirming a Vice President

III. ImpeachmentA. House impeaches, Senate holds trialB. Andrew Johnson, Bill ClintonC. Richard Nixon?

IV. ExecutiveA. Confirm presidential appointments (Senate)B. Ratify treaties (Senate)