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7/30/2019 Western Philosophy of Education
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EDU 3101 : Philosophy and Education in
Malaysia
Western philosophy
of education
Prepared by,
Farhana binti Mohamad Sum
Jeremy Joel A. Bernard
Kennedy Yamil
IPG KAMPUS GAYA - PISMP TESL (SK) – GROUP 1, JANUARY 2013 INTAKE
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something to ponder on...
Most questions about education will lead one, sooneror later, to ask about
the nature of education and whether there are certain
aims that are
somehow inherent in its nature or for some reason
necessary or desirable.This makes questions and theories about the nature
and aims of education
a good place to begin in learning to think
philosophically about education,
though they are also a good place to end. Wherever
one starts, one will be
drawn back to them in attempting to address other
educational questions in
a deep and systematic way.
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Tradition
al
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Type of schools in Western traditional
philosophy of education
Realism
Essentialism
Perennialism
Idealism
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Perennialism
Comes from the word, “perennial” which means “fixed and do not change”
Education should focus on the search and dissemination of knowledge
which is fixed
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Human beings, by nature have universal characteristics which are
constant
Education Goals Education is for teaching universal knowledge and values which are everlasting and not
constrained by time limits.
Focus
Curriculum : Critical subjects that is to be given attention arehumanities and literature (Languages, Literature,
Mathematics, Art, Science)
Teacher’s Role : Deliver knowledge, Facilitate group
discussions, Discipline his pupils
Teaching Method : The teacher has expert power and does
not entertain his pupil’s views
Pupil’s Role : Work hard in order to gain as much knowledgeas the can. The have to com lete all the assi nments iven
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ESSENTIALISM
Started as a systematic educational movement in the 1930s. It is originated
from realism & idealism.
Generally speaking, this school of philosophy is conservative in nature
Pl i t th b i th t i h t i di id l d t
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Places importance on the basics, that is, what an individual needs to
know in order to become a productive person. In this sense, it said to be
both practical and pragmatic
Education Goals
To teach factual information which needs to be learnt, appreciated andstored by our pupils as well as how to appreciate culture
Focus
Curriculum : Basic skills such as reading, writing and arithmetic (3R),
Science, History, Art and Music are compulsory subjects whilst Literatureand Humanities are optional.
Teacher’s Role : Regarded as an authority in the teaching and learning
process in the classroom, Skilled in classroom and be a role model to his
pupils.
Teaching Method : Pupils are not encouraged to involve themselves in the
speculative reflection process which is regarded as total waste of time
Pupil’s Role : All pupils have to study hard and pay attention to what is
taught in school
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Type of schools in Western Modern
philosophy of education
Pragmatism
Existentialism
Progressivism
Reconstructivism
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progressivism
It developed from pragmatism that came under the influence of John
Dewey’s ideas (1902, 1910, 1916, 1938)
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Concept
Believe that change is the core of reality. Knowledge cannot beregarded as an everlasting truth. An educated person is defined as
one who has the insight which enables him to adapt to changes in
his environment. The progressisvists doesn’t believe in the
existence of permanent and pertinent truth.
Education Goals Aims to prepare pupils to accommodate to
changes in their everyday lives.
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Curriculum : Pupils should be given the freedom to choose the
subjects that they wish to study, study according to their personal
interest (enable learning becomes more effective and pupils are
able to maximize their individual abilities and potentials)
Teacher’s Role : Play as a role of facilitator and assist pupils to
handle any problems in their ever changing surroundings. Also
act as a manager who responsible for creating a conducive
learning and puts forward questions to stimulate pupil’s thinking
and guides their interests towards a positive directions.
Teaching Method :1) Teaching problem solving skills which use the inductive
approach and the scientific method. Because of this, formal
education stresses rote learning of information and discourages
abstract facts ;2) Laboratory work and experiments which provide opportunities
for exploring one’s surroundings
3) Direct experience with the environment. For eg, fieldwork.
Pupil’s Role : Seek their own explanations for phenomena given
by the teacher.The need to study how to ask questions about their environment
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reconstructivism
stems from progressivism
recommends that we improve and reconstruct our society
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human beings. Schools are the best platforms for building a new society
to identify social problems which obstruct the development of society and
create cultural crises.
Education Goals To lay the foundation for a new cultural pattern and also to eradicate
social ills.
Focus
Curriculum : Consists of the social sciences specifically social studieswhich emphasizes current and future orientations, besides local and
global issues.
Teacher’s Role : Acts an agent of change and innovation. Has to be
creative and innovative in the classroom
Teaching Method : Pupil centered approach is given due emphasis where
pupils are taught problem solving skills through activities, brain storming
, role plays and simulations.
Pupil’s Role : Pupils are expected to take an active role in order to achieve
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existentialism
focus on the nature of existence of man
consider reality as something which is subjective and can only be defined
by the individual concerned
C t
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Concept An individual is responsible for himself and has the autonomy to
determine his goals and make his own decisions without having to refer
to outside authorities
Education Goals Implies that the school system or teacher does not have the right to
impose goals of education
Focus Curriculum : Does not have specific subjects. Subjects like art, literature
and drama are considered relevant.
Teacher’s Role : Provides educational opportunities so that his pupils can
voice out their feelings and emotions.
Teaching Method : Activity centered and pupil centered
Pupil’s Role : Encouraged to involve themselves actively
so as to maximize the educational opportunities offered to them
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Conclusion
In conclusion, Western philosophy of education looks on the learning
process at educational institutions in producing a knowledgeable &
competence students. If we utilize both traditional and modern
Western education philosophies together with Eastern educationphilosophy, we might produce young generation who are
knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards and
who are responsible and capable of achieving high level of
personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to the harmony
and betterment of
the family, the society and the nation.
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