Welcome!Welcome! ASL 3 Lecture Day. From last year’s classifier PPT

Welcome!Welcome!Welcome!Welcome!

ASL 3 Lecture DayASL 3 Lecture Day

From last year’s classifier PPT

CL:3 “surface pass under vehicle” – signed at eye level indicates “I saw the

car go by”Valli p.91

Perspectives- ASL 3• Classifier predicates are not

limited to one location. For example (Valli p.90):

ASL 3• Classifiers are bound morphemes- they have

no meaning on their own, but must be used in conjunction with their noun

• ASL 3: locatives- “lock” in place• Classifier movement can show several types

of meaning• Eg. Two ways of showing cars in a row: cl cl cl

, or sweeping (concept of more than one)

Test Question:

• 12.Classifiers are:•

A. bound morphemes• B. free morphemes

• 13.True or false:• Perspective is important

in ASL classifier predicates, and can show whether the signer is viewing the predicate or not.

Classifiers- examples• http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pa

ges-signs/c/classifiers.htm

Misc. Grammar:

• Noun verb pairs- reduplication• Minimal Pairs- ASL vs. English• Language acquisition vs. learning• (acquisition naturally occurs, learning is

in a class setting, trying to present real-world opportunities but limited

• Socialize and find real-world opportunities

Blocking Environmental Interference

• = Tuning out sounds around you• The trick: learning when to ignore

sound vs. pay attention to it• Difference in a conversation vs.

interpreting

Time Lag

• The amount of time from when the person spoke to when you interpret their signs

• The greater the time lag in ASL interpreting, the more accurate the interpretation- to a point

• Issues: the longer the time lag, the more likely you are to forget information

• Skilled interpreters develop this over time

• Types of Registers:

• Frozen: Printed unchanging language. Examples: Biblical quotes, Pledge of Allegiance, wedding vows, and other "static" speeches recited. The wording is exactly the same every time it is spoken.

• Formal: One-way participation, no interruption. Technical vocabulary or exact definitions are important. Includes presentations or introductions between strangers.

• Consultative: Two-way participation. Background information is provided — prior knowledge is not assumed. "Behavior such as "uh huh", "I see", etc. is common. Interruptions are allowed. Examples include teacher/student, doctor/patient, expert/apprentice, etc.

• Casual: In-group friends and acquaintances. No background information provided. Ellipsis and slang common. Interruptions common. This is common among friends in a social setting.

• Intimate: Non-public. Intonation more important than wording or grammar. Private vocabulary. Also includes non-verbal messages. This is most common among family members and close friends.

Advanced ASLAdvanced ASLAdvanced ASLAdvanced ASL

Levels of Discourse in Levels of Discourse in Linguistics and ASL examplesLinguistics and ASL examples

Sociolinguistics, Narration

Semantics, Pragmatics, Prosody

S y n t a x

Morphology

Phonology

Levels of Meaning

Phonology (this slide only- not on test)

• Phonology: Organization of speech sounds in a particular language (same sounds, different sound inventories); organization of parts of signs in signed languages

• Phonetics: The study of speech sounds or parts of signs– Articulatory (production)– Acoustic (transmission)– Auditory (perception)

Phonology• The study of how languages organize the

smallest parts of words or signs• A phoneme represents the distinctive unit

that if changed will create a minimal pair (ASL minimal pair e.g.- HOME vs. DEAF)

• Phonetics is the study of how the signs (or sounds) are realized during communication (ASL e.g.-STUDENT)

Phonology vs. Morphology

• Phonology studies the smallest contrastive parts of language (e.g. in ASL: holds, movements).

• The parts of language studied in phonology do not have meaning in isolation.

English e.g. letters: s-i-t-s; ASL e.g. handshape (flat:o)• Morphology is the study of the smallest meaningful units in language, and how language uses these units to build signs (or words).

• Morpheme: the smallest meaningful unit in a language

Morphology• Morpheme: the smallest unit of meaning

in a language• E.g. happily- English: = happy + ly(often “happily” =NMS attached to sign)• E.g. ASL= HAPPY + NMS• ASL: “careless” from NMS (tongue)• English: present progressive -ing

Morphemes• Free Morphemes• Bound Morphemes

Free Morphemes• Morphemes that can occur as

independent units, that can occur by themselves

• English e.g. cat, sit• ASL e.g. CAT, LOUSY

Bound Morphemes• Morphemes that must occur with

other morphemes, that cannot occur as independent units

• English e.g. plural -s- ‘cats’ and third person -s- ‘sits’

• ASL e.g. the 3 handshape: THREE-WEEKS and THREE-MONTHS

Syntax• Syntax: rules for making sentences,

based on grammar- word order, etc.Note on Language Assessment/Usage:• Competence: what you know about

a language, including its syntax• Performance: how you use the

language (errors, etc.)

Sentences

• Sentences in language are infinite• Finite (limited) set of rules for

making sentences• Language users know these rules,

whether conscious or unconscious

Semantics• The literal meaning of a sign/word• A chair is a chair is a chair… or is

it?• Perception influences semantics

• Chair

• Dog

Semantics: The sense of a word… its literal meaning

Pragmatics• Communicating more than what is

literally stated or signed• Adds to the semantic meaning• Depends on the speaker/signer,

addressee, and context• Many L2 learners struggle with

this; details are often not taught in classes