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Weekly Lab – scientific tools and scientific
exploration
If you have a certain volume of water will it have a corresponding mass?
Is the relationship between water volume and mass linear?Does the mass of water change depending on
the volume?
Tools:BeakersTriple Beam BalancesWaterGraph paper
Cells and heredity…The genetics of life!
What makes something living?
BioticAbility to develop and growAbility to respond to the environmentAbility to reproduceTHEN…
Made of CELLS
CHARACTERISTICS of living organisms
Organelles and their functions in the cell…
MitochondriaChloroplastsCell wall Lysosomes
Cell membraneCytoplasm
Central vacuoleRibosomesNucleus
Any of a number of organized or specialized
structures within a living cell.
Examples include:
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
PlantsCentral vacuoleChloroplastCell wall
Animalslysosome
Using technology in the science classroom
-Check out ipad
-open the app “explain everything” to develop a video explaining the function and purpose of organelles in a cell
-include information on the difference between plant and animal cells.
Cell Theory states that…
Every living thing is made of one or more cells
Cells carry out the functions needed to support life
Cells come from other living cells
1
2
3
Unicellular Multicellular
Unicellular organisms
Multicellular organisms
Can survive on their own
Small…bacteria…algae…amoebae
One cell
Larger…many cells…specialized…
different types of cells
Weekly Lab – Osmosis
Why is it important that materials be able to move in and out of a cell??
How do materials move into and out of cells?
Tools:EggsVinegarPlastic cupData sheetTriple bean balance
STEPS:Weigh cupWeigh cup and eggDetermine starting weight of eggPlace egg in vinegarRecord weight of egg in data sheet
The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion
Diffusion
Not just as a liquid…
Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of the movement of water from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a cell membrane or other semi-permeable membrane until an equilibrium is reached.
Active Transport
Passive Transport
The movement of materials in and out of a cell, without
using any of the cells energy.
EXAMPLE - Diffusion
The movement of materials in and out of a cell, using the
cells energy.
EXAMPLE – Sweating (removal of salts)
ENDOCYTOSIS & EXCOCYTOSIS
Welcome to a-sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent
only
Cells are broken down into two groups
Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells
-Genetic material in nucleus
-Organelles
-Predominantly multicellular
Genetic material in cytoplasmNo organelles
Mostly unicellular organisms
A-Sexual ReproductionThe identical creation of a
new cell/structure
can live separately yet genetically identical to the parent.
In unicellular organisms Cell Division = Reproduction
Mitosis
Binary FissionIn simple terms, splitting in two…
Prokaryotes – split in two EX: bacteriaEukaryotic organisms – separate and independent EX: algae / paramecium
Mitosis…
The second part of the cell cycle, as the chromosomes divide and split
With multi-cellular
organisms, new cells are unable to live alone, they become part of the original
structure.
GROWTH&
REPAIR
Part of the cell cycle
HUMANS – (organism)
Multicellular
Has nucleus in cells
Eukaryotic
Bacteria – (organism)
Unicellular
No nucleusDNA in Cytoplasm
Prokaryotic
MitosisOr skin….
MeiosisProducing a genetically different offspring
New organism from two parents
Cloned organism from one parent
REVIEW
Mitosis causes growth and repair by providing more identical cells to replace old, damaged or missing cells for repair or to produce more tissue for growth.
WHY Mitosis
Cell division has the ability to create new cells and is a simplistic way of cell reproduction. The cell copies themselves reproducing and creating a identical daughter cell.
The ability to do this gives the cells the ability to repair things such as…?
Meiosis =
sexual cell division with the purpose of developing a new individual offspring
TERMINOLOGYSperm
EggGamete
fertilization
ONLY in reproductive tissues?
REPRODUCTION
Web Quest – In teams of two
-Find a working definition for meiosis and convert to your words
-Build graphic organizer to show definitions for at least five terms
-Develop definition to compare meiosis to mitosis
What is meiosis?
• Sexual reproduction of diploid cells which creates four haploid daughter cells. These daughter cells become either sperm or eggs (gametes).
Dominant Traits-Brown EyesDark hairUnattached earlobesDimplesFrecklesCan roll tongueLeft over right thumbWidows Peak
Recessive Traits-Blue EyesBlond/red hairAttached earlobesNo DimplesNo FrecklesCan’t roll tongueRight over left thumbNo Widows Peak
Blood is a combination of plasma (watery liquid) and cells that float in it. It is a specialized bodily fluid that supplies essentials substances and nutrients, such as sugar, oxygen, and hormones to our cells, and carries waste away from those cells, this waste is eventually flushed out of the body in urine, feces, sweat, and lungs (carbon dioxide). Blood also contains clotting agents.
Blood type is determined by proteins called antigens:
Three types of blood cells:
RED – most abundant, responsible for carrying O2 to the cells in the body
WHITE – part of immune system that keeps us healthy in killing destructive agents to the body
PLATLETS – The clotting parts that seal wounds
Four Possible Blood Types
The ABO blood type classification system uses the presence distinct molecules called
agglutinogensor absence of these molecules to categorize blood into four types:
Type O blood is the recessive allele
BLOOD TYPE IS GENETIC
The A and B antigen molecules on the surface of red blood cells are produced by two different enzymes. These two enzymes are encoded by different versions, or alleles, of the same gene: A and B.The A and B alleles code for enzymes that produce the type A and B antigens respectively.
A third version of this gene, the O allele, codes for a protein that is not functional and does not produce surface molecules. (recessive)
Two copies of the gene are inherited, one from each parent. The possible combinations of alleles produce blood types in the following way:
Terminology
Plasma - 55% of total blood volume– holds blood in suspension and 92% by volume water
Antibodies - a blood protein produced by white blood cells to combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
Antigen – the foreign substance being attacked by antibodies
DNA
The hereditary material in humans and almost all other
organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same
DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell’s nucleus
(where it is called nuclear DNA)
Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same
in all people.
Parts of the double helix
DNA base pairs –Cytosine & GuanineAdenine & Thymine
Phosphates and sugar
The pairs are always together, their order on the DNA molecule is
what changes
DNA CRITERIA
• Explain before you begin:– What are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine– How are they paired?
• Open DNA Damage• Write ALL information that is given to you
Mutations A change in DNA, the heredity material of life. An organism’s DNA affects how it looks, behaves and
its physiology.
mutations - change
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