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WelcomeRavenSat / ISS-Ka BOOM
Northwest Indian College, Navajo Technical College, Fond du Lac Tribal Community College, Western Technical College, & Dan Hawk
2
Overview of Presentation
• Native American Perspective– Why partner with Tribal Governments
• Native Satellite Overview– SKC BisonSat & RavenSat
• RavenSat Payloads– 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation– 2 Thermal Standoff (in the life)– 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming
• Questions
3
Overview of Presentation
• Native American Perspective– Why partner with Tribal Governments
• Native Satellite Overview– SKC BisonSat & RavenSat
• RavenSat Payloads– 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation– 2 Thermal Standoff– 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming
• Questions
4
Native Americans in Space??
5
Why Reservation & DOI Lands?
Resources?
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Reservations
Gas, Oil, CoalWater, Mining, Forestry
Treaty Rights
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Both DOI and Indian Land
~1/3 of USA Landbase
8
Overview of Presentation
• Native American Perspective– Why partner with Tribal Governments
• Native Satellite Overview– SKC BisonSat & RavenSat
• RavenSat Payloads– 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation– 2 Thermal Standoff– 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming
• Questions
9
Native Sat Overview
BisonSat Salish Kootenai RavenSat 1U Cubesat
Fall 2015 Launch2nd round CSLI
10
Overview of Presentation
• Native American Perspective– Why partner with Tribal Governments
• Native Satellite Overview– SKC BisonSat & RavenSat
• RavenSat Payloads– 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation– 2 Thermal Standoff– 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming
• Questions
11
Idea? Detect, Discern, and Transfer Power
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Ka BOOM Array
Big Picture? Detect, Discern, Calibrate, Ka- Band Power Transfer & ISS-XISP Demo.
14
Overview of Presentation
• Native American Perspective– Why partner with Tribal Governments
• Native Satellite Overview– SKC BisonSat & RavenSat
• RavenSat Payloads– 1 Carbon-mitigated Radiation– 2 Thermal Standoff– 3 Ka-Band i.e. power beaming– Western Tech Ground Ops Slides 23 & 24
• Questions
Next Steps… Western Technical College Ground-Aerostat Testing
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Western Aerostat FliersPreliminary Design Review
Western Technical CollegeLSI’s: Jon Grotjahn, Travis Haugstad, Joel Nielsen
Mentor: Dr. Mike LeDocq3/21/2015
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview
Jon Grotjahn and Joel Nielsen
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Statement:
Our goal is to safely and reliably fly an aerostat and payload package to test and discover the application and limitations of
Ka band power beaming technology.
Mission Overview
• Prove effectiveness of Ka band power beaming over a variety of distances
• Use to beam power to and from balloon
• Immediately benefits NASA as a way to provide power to satellites
• Eventually may benefit mankind as alternative energy distribution
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview: Mission Objectives
• Prove concept of Ka band power beaming• Repeatable power transmission at variety of altitudes• Power instrument package indefinitely• Beam harvested power from aerostat to ground
• Determine efficiency over distance, time, and with varying atmospheric conditions
• Develop range of conditions where consistent measurable results can be achieved
• Understand limitations due to varying conditions
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview: Minimum Success Criteria
• Verify power transmission
• Determine distance limitations of power beam
• Power instrument payload
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Mission Overview: Theory and Concepts
• Ka band covers 33.4-36.0 GHz• Primarily used in vehicle speed detection and satellite
communication• XISP developing “beaming” power to small CubeSat from
ISS
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
33.4-36.0 GHz
Radar Frequency Bands
X-band K-band Ka Band10.5-10.55 GHz
24.05-24.5 GHz GHz
Ground
Logging Laptop
Ka Beaming Radar
Generator
+ -30V0V
Variable DC Power SupplyBase Unit
Mission Overview: Concept of Operations
AIM XTRAKa Radar Antenna
Aerostat
At 152.4m (500ft)1) Ka band power transmission test2) Switch to backup power3) Collect data from all instruments4) Hold altitude and run power efficiency tests
Every 15.3 m (50ft)1) Ka band power transmission test2) Switch to backup power3) Collect data from all instruments
Pre-launch1) Safety check2) Arm payload3) Instrument and communication test
Mission Overview: Concept of Operations
Mission Overview: Expected Results
• Ka band power beaming successful, but ability to beam power could be lost between 15.3m and 152.4m
• Switching to backup power will be successful
• Successful collection of data from instrument payload
• Weather conditions likely to influence results
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System OverviewTravis Haugstad
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System Level Block Diagram
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System Design – Physical Model
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
System Design – Physical Model
System Concept of Operations
• Radar emitter• Sends Ka radar signal to aerostat• Radar detector on ground sends signal to laptop
• Antenna Array• Converts Ka radar signal to voltage• Voltage processed by receiver and sent to “dummy” load• Voltage meter sends reading to AIM XTRA for transmission to logging computer
• Radar Detector• Sensor circuitry produces 3V signal when radar is detected• 3V signal sent to AIM XTRA for transmission to logging computer
• Kestrel Weather Station• Self contained power supply• Self contained data logging
• AIM XTRA• Receives power from on-board power supply• Receives data inputs from radar detector, radar antenna, solar energy sensor, and electrical power
supply
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Critical InterfacesInterface Name Brief Description Potential Solution
Ka transmitter/Antenna
The theory of Ka power beaming has been tested and demonstrated. At this point, we do not have the already developed equipment secured.
Extensive testing of Ka radar guns and antennas may be necessary to develop our own power beam.
EPS/AXThe electrical power supply (EPS) must supply the AIM XTRA (AX) and Arduino with 7.4 volts.
Two pairs of 3.7V Lithium Ion batteries in a series aiding configuration. One will be charged while the other is powering the system. We will use the Arduino to control the charging.
Radar detection/EPS
We must detect if the payload is receiving Ka band signal using radar sensor from Cobra SPX 5500.
We will use the electrical power system’s Arduino to pick up and analyze the data before being sent to the AIM XTRA.
AX/Payload Deck
The AIM XTRA will need to mount rigidly to the payload deck and will also need to be weather resistant to protect sensitive electrical components.
Electric wrap or 3D printed case.
Light intensity detector/AX
Light intensity will need to be measured to further understand correlations to UV intensity and it’s effect on Ka band power beaming.
General Tools DBTU1300 digital solar power meter provides digital output of light intensity used for measuring solar energy. Output could be sent directly to AIM XTRA for data transmission.
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Requirement Verification Table: Ka radar
Requirement Verification Method Description
The Ka power beam must deliver 1 watt of power at a minimum distance of 15.3m
Demonstration Power analysis will be conducted on the ground in a controlled environment
The beamed power must remain stable while power is dissipated through dummy load
Analysis The power dissipated will be monitored by a current sensor connected to the dummy load and data sent to AIM XTRA for real time data logging
The optimum rectenna will be mounted to the payload deck
Inspection Mock builds will verify this requirement
The system shall be able to reproduce power transfer results with same test conditions
Test The system will be subjected to multiple test flights
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Requirement Verification Table: EPS
Requirement Verification Method Description
The EPS will supply the components will adequate power.
Demonstration A power on test where everything is running well.
The power supply design does not overload the payload with volts and current.
Analysis A system analysis with a volt ammeter.
The full system shall fit on a single Aerostat payload deck and keep the weight to a minimum.
Inspection Visual inspection and scale will verify this requirement.
The electrical power system will maintain power indefinitely with the help of a solar panel.
Test The system will be subjected to a full power test for one day prior to launch.
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Subsystem DesignGround System
Jon Grotjahn and Joel Nielsen
Design Overview: Engineering Design
• Ground Equipment• Radar gun and amplifier to produce Ka band radar waves
to beam power to aerostat• Radar detector and LED indicator to ensure radar waves
are emitted• Base station will receive data from AIM XTRA• Laptop will log all data from base station• Radar gun and detector will be powered by DC power
supply• Laptop will be powered by AC generator• Base unit receives power via USB cable from Laptop
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
GND: Risk Matrix
Consequence
GND.RSK.2 GND.RSK.1
GND.RSK.3
Possibility
GND.RSK.1: Mission objectives aren’t met IF Ka power beam is not acquired or developedGND.RSK.2: Mission objectives aren’t met IF real time data logging is unsuccessfulGND.RSK.3: Mission timeline delayed if Ka power beam is not supplied by XISP
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Subsystem DesignElectrical Power System
Travis Haugstad
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Electrical Power System: Block Diagram
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Components
• Four 3.7 volt Lithium Ion batteries• Two packs with 3.7 volts batteries wired in series for 7.4
volts• 6 volt, 5.6 watt Solar Panel• Arduino Uno• D/C lithium charging control unit• Optocouplers
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Solar Panel
• 6V, 5.6W solar panel delivers required current for electrical system
• Charging of two 3.7V battery packages demands higher current
• Solar panel is weatherproof providing protection against water infiltration which could damage panels and other circuitry
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Charge Controllers
• Converts power from solar panel to useable power to charge the lithium ion batteries
• Necessary to safely and accurately control charging of lithium ion batteries
• Dangerous when incorrectly charged
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Lithium Ion Batteries
• Lithium ion provides resistance to battery “memory” which causes degradation in performance over time
• Switching between 2 battery packs for optimum power delivery does not allow battery to fully discharge
• Very high power to weight ratio to reduce payload weight
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Arduino and Optocouplers
• Arduino controls charging and discharging of batteries• Arduino provides data measurements for system power• Optocouplers isolate Arduino and AIM XTRA from charging
current• Removes noise from charging current for electrically
sensitive devices• Protects Arduino and AIM XTRA from excessive current flow
in the event of a fault in electrical system
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
EPS: Risk Matrix
Consequence
EPS.RSK.1
EPS.RSK.3
EPS.RSK.2
Possibility
EPS.RSK.1: EPS will fail if a suitable charger cannot be obtained.EPS.RSK.2: Information loss if we do not have the correct electrical components.EPS.RSK.3: If EPS cannot support indefinite power, information will not be able to be transmitted.
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Subsystem DesignKa Band Power Beam and Receiver
Joel Nielsen
Power Beam Generation Block Diagram
• Ground Power Beam Generation• Generator produces AC power • AC to variable DC power supply
which powers radar gun• Radar signal detected at source
and data logged• Radar signal increased by
microwave amplifier• Antenna system on aerostat
receives power beam
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Ka Power Beam GenerationGeneratorChampion
3500W
InverterAC/DC Variable Power Supply
AmplifierHigh Frequency
Microwave Amplifier
Source Radar Detection
Sensor Laptop
Data Logging
Radar GunStalker ATR
Ka Band
AerostatAntenna Interface
Radar Detection Block Diagram
• Radar Detection on Aerostat• Radar receiver removed from vehicle
radar detector• Radar detector and digital circuitry
powered by on board battery and 6V power supply
• Op-amp or JFET amplifier used to provide voltage gain
• Digital circuitry created to provide a 0V signal if no radar is detected, or 3V signal if radar is detected
• Digital signal sent to input of AIM XTRA to transmit to base station
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Radar Detection
Radar Detector Sensor
From Cobra SPX5500
Voltage Regulator3V Zener Diode
Voltage Regulator IC
AmplifierOp-Amp
JFET Amp
AIM XTRATransmits data to
Base station
Ground Interface
Electrical Power System
Power Beam Conversion Block Diagram
• Antenna Power Receiver• Fractal antenna array used
to convert Ka band radar waves to voltage• Antenna obtained from XISP
• Voltage converted and processed by receiver
• Voltage fed to resistor circuit to simulate linear load
• Voltage meter used to feed data to AIM XTRA to transmit data to base station
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Fractal AntennaObtain from XISP
Antenna ReceiverObtain from XISP
Load SimulatorVoltage divider
Circuit
Aim XTRATransmits data to
base station
Power Beam ConversionGround Interface
Electrical Power System
VoltmeterDirect connection to
Aim XTRA input
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Ka: Risk Matrix
Consequence
Ka.RSK2
Ka.RSK1
Ka.RSK.3
Possibility
Ka.RSK1: Mission timeline delayed if XISP does not provide power beam and fractal antennaKa.RSK.2: Mission objectives aren’t met IF power beaming cannot be producedKa.RSK.3: If valid radar detector signal cannot be obtained, we will be unable to attribute lack of power to lack of signal
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Subsystem DesignFlight Data Collection, Transmission and
Logging
Jon Grotjahn
Flight Data Collection Block Diagram
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Flight Data Logging Block Diagram
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Data Logging: Flight Data
• Flight Computer• AIM XTRA used to monitor altitude and
strength/direction of earth’s magnetic field• Data from radar detector, antenna power receiver, and
light detector sent to AIM XTRA for transmission to base station
• Powered by EPS
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Data Logging: Weather Conditions
• Weather Station• Kestrel portable weather meter used to collect wind,
pressure, humidity, and temperature• Data stored on internal SD card of Kestrel • Light intensity sensor mounted near fractal antenna will
provide data to AIM XTRA for transmission to base station
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
FDC: Risk Matrix
Consequence
FDC.RSK.2
FDC.RSK.1
FDC.RSK.3
Possibility
FDC.RSK.1: Mission objectives aren’t met IF AIM XTRA fails in-flightFDC.RSK.2: The AIM XTRA system can’t survive launch conditions, and the mission objectives aren’t metFDC.RSK.3: A strain will be put on the budget IF the system fails out of warranty
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Test/Prototyping PlanJon Grotjahn
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Prototyping PlanConcern about power supply
providing indefinite power for on board electronicsPower Supply
Radar Beam
Radar Antenna
AIM XTRASoftware
Concerns about acquiring radar gun from XISP
Concerns about developing fractal antenna if one is not provided from
XISP
The software needs to be modified to accommodate
additional inputs of varying levels
Prototype this interface and verify the power requirements of
equipment
Contact Gary Barnhart, or develop alternative from
parts
Contact Gary Barnhart, or develop alternative from
parts
Contact manufacturer about capabilities about software
customization
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Project Management PlanJoel Nielsen
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Organizational Chart
Faculty MentorDr. Michael LeDoqc
Ka Band Team LeadJoel Nielsen
Power System Team LeadTravis Haugstad
Data Transfer, Build Team LeadJon Grotjahn
Software/HardwareASI to be named
FabricationASI to be named
Battery PowerASI to be named
Solar PowerASI to be named
Radar BeamingASI to be named
Radar ReceptionASI to be named
Industry MentorGary Barnhart
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Schedule
• What are the major milestones for your project?• (i.e. when will things be prototyped?)• CDR• When will you begin procuring hardware?• Start thinking all the way to the end of the project!
• Rough integration and testing schedule in the spring• Etc, etc, etc
• Need team input
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
BudgetItem Description Subsystem Unit Price Quantity Total Cost
Generator Champion 3,500W Ground Power system $ 259.99 1 $ 259.99
Radar Detector Cobra SPX5500 Ka Payload $ 101.99 1 $ 101.99 Circuit Board Breadboard Ka Payload $ 1.76 2 $ 3.52 Amplifier Op-amp (TLV2361) Ka Payload $ 0.99 1 $ 0.99 Current Sensor 1NA160 IC Ka Payload $ 9.95 1 $ 9.95
Radar Gun Stalker ATR Ka Ground System $ 171.99 1 $ 171.99 Battery Li-Ion, 3.7V, 10400mAh EPS $ 33.59 4 $ 134.36 Controller Arduino Uno EPS $ 24.99 1 $ 24.99 Solar Panel 6V, 5.6W EPS $ 67.50 1 $ 67.50 Charger Controller USB/DC/Solar Li-Ion Charger EPS $ 17.50 2 $ 35.00 Current Sensor 1NA160 IC EPS $ 9.95 2 $ 19.90 Circuit Board Breadboard EPS $ 1.76 2 $ 3.52 Resistor Kit Assorted resistor sizes EPS $ 10.00 1 $ 10.00 Diodes 1N4001 (10 pack) EPS $ 1.50 1 $ 1.50 Optocoupler Optocoupler (need part #) EPS $ 2.00 4 $ 8.00 Zener Diodes Zener (need part #) EPS $ 0.50 5 $ 2.50 Jumper Kit (need part #) EPS $ 2.90 1 $ 2.90 AIM XTRA (need part #) FDC $ 325.00 1 $ 325.00 AIM BASE receiver (need part #) FDC $ 125.00 1 $ 125.00 Kestrel with Horus (need part #) FDC $ 729.00 1 $ 729.00 General Tools Digital Solar Meter DBTU1300 FDC $ 107.99 1 $ 107.99
Total + 25% Margin $ 2682
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
Contact Matrix
Team Member Last Name
Team Member First Name
Team Role Email Phone
Beier James ASI beierj1@students.westerntc.edu (608) 498-7678
Grotjahn Jon LSI jonpaulgrotjahn@gmail.com (507) 450-8257
Haugstad Travis LSI haugstadt@students.westerntc.edu (507) 450-2802
LaPlante Brian ASI brianllaplante@gmail.com (608) 863-5254
LeDocq Mike Mentor ledocqm@westerntc.edu (608) 797-4202
Nielsen Joel LSI nielsenj1@students.westerntc.edu (608) 792- 9705
Rudy Landon ASI rudyl@students.westerntc.edu (608) 797-6421
Wagner Josh ASI gmporlock@gmail.com (608) 782-4575
Watson Nicolas ASI nicolasjwatson@gmail.com (608) 516-6810
Tethered Aerostat Program
Preliminary Design Review
• Summarize your main action items to get done before CDR
• Issues, concerns, any questions
• Add info from team on Monday
Conclusion
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