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WEIMAR WEIMAR GERMANYGERMANY
ANDANDTHE RISE OF THE RISE OF
HITLERHITLER1919-19331919-1933
You will learn…..You will learn…..
Why Germany’s new government had so many problems after WWI
How Germany recovered from some of these problems from 1924 to 1929
How events after 1929 led to the collapse of this government
What Nazism means Why Hitler and his National Socialist Party
came to power by 1933
Bad state of economy made things worse Raw materials were under foreign control, Saar
and Alsace-Loraine CENTRES OF IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTION
Production in mines and factories reduced Led to massive unemployment Shopkeepers and traders suffered as people
had less to spend Soldiers were jobless and ended up begging
THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - 19231923
Thus did not have enough money to pay for reparations
France was angry and decided to invade the Ruhr, an area in western Germany – centre of the country’s heavy industries COALMINES, IRON AND STEEL WORKS
Aggravated the situation. How?
THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - 19231923
German workers went on strike, silently encouraged by the WR
Factories stopped producing goods Prices went up Price increase went out of control; value of
money fell Govt response : Print more money Money became worthless - hyperinflationhyperinflation People’s savings wiped out Standard of living dropped drastically
THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - 19231923
Many Germans suffered and turned very bitter Many blamed the government Led to support for extreme parties from both
the right and the left wing It was during this Ruhr crisis of 1923 that Hitler
staged his attempted putsch in Munich
THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - 19231923
““Beer Hall” PutschBeer Hall” Putsch Took place in a large beer hall in Munich 3,000 Germans gathered there to listen to a speech by the state
commissioner of Bavaria Hitler jumped on a chair and proclaimed, “The national revolution
had broken out.” The Nazis then held a demonstration march to the centre of Munich Clashed with the police Hitler escaped but was later arrested Sentenced to 5 years jail for treason Served 9 months in jail before he was released
THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - THE TROUBLED YEARS 1919 - 19231923
Price of egg , which was just 1.6 marks in 1921 went up to 320,000,000,000 marks
by Nov 1923
Price of bread, 163.15 marks in 1922, went
up to 201,000,000,000
marks in 1923
HYPERINFLATIOHYPERINFLATIONN
Weimar Republic, 500,000,000 Mark Note, Series of 1923Probably the largest denomination banknote ever printed.
Source : http://www.intrepid.net/sabre/ephemera.html
YEARS OF RECOVERY 1924-1929YEARS OF RECOVERY 1924-1929
Economy began to recover in mid-1920s
Thanks to Gustav Stresemann
Who was he? What did he do?
YEARS OF RECOVERY 1924-1929YEARS OF RECOVERY 1924-1929
Gustav Stresemann First as Chancellor (Prime Minister), then as
Foreign Minister for much of 1923-29 Wanted Germany to be prosperous again Sought better relations with other countries One of his first achievements – persuade the
French to withdraw their troops from the Ruhr
Helped to get factories producing again People could find more work
YEARS OF RECOVERY 1924-1929YEARS OF RECOVERY 1924-1929
France agreed provided Germany paid reparations REASON WHY THEY WERE THERE IN THE FIRST PLACE
Streseman agreed but tried to buy time for payment
Made a deal with US – Germany would not fall back behind its payments if given more time and loans to help economy recover
At the same time, he resolved the currency problem
Withdrew all the old money (mark) and replaced it with a new currency (rentenmark) which had proper financial backing
Boost people’s confidence in the new currency
YEARS OF RECOVERY 1924-1929YEARS OF RECOVERY 1924-1929
Stresemann’s greatest interest was in foreign affairs
Aimed to make Germany the strongest country in Europe again
Plan was to get on better terms with other countries and convince them to trust Germany again
His hope was to recover some of the lands and rights that Germany had lost at the Treaty of Versailles
Stresemann’s successes in Stresemann’s successes in foreign affairsforeign affairs
Treaty of Locarno Signed with Germany’s wartime enemies in 1925 WR agreed not to try and recover any of its lost lands
in western Germany Helped make Britain, France and Italy less suspicious
Getting Germany into the League of Nations League of Nations – again controlled by Germany’s
wartime enemies By joining them in Sep 1926, indicate that they were
on better terms Bitter feelings aroused by war subsided
Stresemann’s successes in Stresemann’s successes in foreign affairsforeign affairs
Persuading Allies to withdraw their troops from the Rhineland in 1929 5 years ahead of the schedule laid down in the
Treaty of Versailles Showed that Stresemann’s policy of gaining trust
among other countries worked
Stresemann’s successes in Stresemann’s successes in foreign affairsforeign affairs
Getting the USA to agree to an even better deal about reparation payments The Dawes Plan 1924 in which USA would invest 40
million pounds in Germany Followed by the Young Plan, made in 1929 In return for promising that it would continue to pay
reparations, the amount that Germany had to pay was greatly reduced
From 6,600 million pounds to 1,850 million pounds Spread over 59 annual payments
Effects of Wall Street Crash on Effects of Wall Street Crash on GermanyGermany
Wall Street Crash 1929 Brought Germany’s prosperity to a sudden end. How? Germany had come to rely almost totally on US loans
and investments US economy collapsed in Oct 1929 American bankers demanded that German loans be
repaid American businessmen withdrew their investments USA and other countries had less money to buy German
goods Factories closed, leading to unemployment A vicious cycle; worse than in early 1920s German economy collapsed totally
Effects of Wall Street Crash on Effects of Wall Street Crash on GermanyGermany
Banks closed and inflation was back More people were out of jobs – 2 million in
1929 to 6 million in 1932 As in the years after 1919, the people blamed
the government again Started supporting extremist parties Especially the National Socialist party and their
leader Hitler
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