VSF 473 Lect 13 bonsai - Hill Agric · Bonsai • Bonsai is an art, which expresses in miniature...

Bonsai

• Bonsai is an art, which

expresses in miniature the

beauty of natural tree forms.

The word ‘Bonsai’ is comprised

of two words ‘Bon’ means a tray

The word ‘Bonsai’ is comprised

of two words ‘Bon’ means a tray

or shallow container and ‘sai’

means to grow; thus bonsai

means something growing in a

shallow container or tree in a

pot.

Origin of bonsai culture

• China in 1133 A.D.

• However, Japanese claims its originators.

• But, reaches height of popularity by Japanese in 17th century.

• Now it is considered as a part of domestic, artistic life • Now it is considered as a part of domestic, artistic life of the countrymen.

• There is hardly any house without a bonsai in Japan.

• All over the world with increase in multi-storey buildings the use of bonsai in interior decoration has increased.

How bonsai making is an art ?

• Bonsai culture requires painter’s eye.

• Poet’s imagination.

• Sculpture’s hand.

• Bonsai is essentially the art of choosing a plant which

has the potential of becoming a good bonsai.has the potential of becoming a good bonsai.

• Growing it under complete, constant and affectionate

care so that it blends with the container in which it is

planted to express its natural beauty.

• Thus, every bonsai has its own personality and

individuality like human beings.

Bonsai garden

Successful bonsai grower

• Bonsai should be watched with constant

attention and affection like children following

the theory of ‘Love begets love’.

• A person must spare sometime daily to look • A person must spare sometime daily to look

after the bonsai.

Bonsai v/s pot plant

• A pot plant is usually valued for ornamental

flowers, foliage, fruits or bracts.

• In bonsai the beauty of entire plant along with

its harmony with the container is the matter its harmony with the container is the matter

of aesthetic appreciation.

Factors affecting the success of a good

bonsai

• Selection of right plant species.

• Constant, complete and affectionate care.

• Suitable growing media.

• Adequate sunshine, water, ventilation and fertilizers.

• Adequate sunshine, water, ventilation and fertilizers.

• Careful trimming, training, pruning, wiring and repotting.

• Balance among the roots, trunk, branches and foliage should always be maintained.

Categories of bonsai

Categories of bonsai with respect to size (height

in inch):

• Mamie - 2” to 6”

• Small- 6” to 12”• Small- 6” to 12”

• Medium- 12” to 24”

• Large- 24” to 60”

Bonsai styles

• Formal upright

• Informal upright

• Wind swept

• Slanting

• Semi-cascade• Semi-cascade

• Full-cascade

• Multiple trunks

• Group planting

• Raft

• Broom

• Rock-grown

Formal upright

Informal upright with Lagerstroemia indica

Japanese Maple structural style

Structural bonsai style

Azalea with structural style

Half cascade style with Gardenia

Cascade style with variegated star jasmine

Wind swept

Rock grown bonsai

Rock grown bonsai

Rock grown bonsai

Multistem vertical

Growing media for bonsai

• Coarse, well drained medium which provide

basic needs like water, oxygen and nutrition.

• Equal portion of soil, leaf mould and crushed

bricks or sand is ideal medium.bricks or sand is ideal medium.

• Top layer must have sufficient humus.

• Conifer plants require more dry soil and fruit

trees require soil with more humus.

Ideal nutrition for bonsai

• Sludge or well rotten cow dung slurry.

• Groundnut and cotton or neem cake one kg each is mixed in five litres of water.

• This is allowed to rotten or ferment for about • This is allowed to rotten or ferment for about a month before diluting another five times.

• A mug of this is given twice in a month.

• A pinch of bone meal and single super phosphate mixed is also very beneficial.

Training and pruning

• To develop in to a good attractive shape.

• Reduced growth by regular trimming and

pruning also restrict growth and maintain

proper balance between roots and shoots.proper balance between roots and shoots.

• In one trimming not more than 1/3rd portion

of roots or shoots are cut.

Watering in bonsai

• Bonsai requires plenty of water and nutrients to express their maximum beauty of flowers and foliage.

• Living in a restricted space these are • Living in a restricted space these are completely dependent upon their attendant for meeting requirement of water and nutrition.

• Best time for watering is morning or evening.

Selection of plants for bonsai

• Lot of knowledge, perseverance and experience is required to select a right plant.

• Plants with smaller flowers and fruits are selected as foliage automatically gets reduced to about 1/4th.

• Plants bearing flowers on leafless branches are very • Plants bearing flowers on leafless branches are very good.

• Plants selected must be able to grow in stress conditions of small growing medium and low nutrients.

Propagation

• Seeds

• Cuttings

• Layering

• Grafting• Grafting

• Buying from nursery

• Collection from forests and fields.

Important plants for bonsai

• Amaltas, Araucaria, Babul, Bamboo, Banyan,

Ber, Bottle brush, Bougainvillea, Casuarina,

Cherry, Chinese orange, Coranda,

Cryptomeria, Deodar, Duranta, Excoecaria,

Gulmohar, Hibiscus, Ixora, Jacaranda, Java fig Gulmohar, Hibiscus, Ixora, Jacaranda, Java fig

tree, Murraya, Malpighia, Oleander, Peach,

Pines, Pilkhan, Pipal, Plum, Prosopis, Silver

oak, Tamarind, etc.

Important plants for bonsai in hills

• Araucaria, Aucuba, Azalea, Camellia, Chinese

hat, Coral tree, Cryptomeria, Cypress, Flame

of the forest, Ginkgo, Juniper, Koelreuteria,

Maple, Magnolia, Plane tree (Chinar), Peach, Maple, Magnolia, Plane tree (Chinar), Peach,

Pines, Podocarpus, Sal, Silver fir, Spruce,

Taxus, Thuja, Willows, Zanthoxylum, etc.

Equipments and tools for bonsai

• Plant

• Pots: square, round, oval, rectangular, heart, hexagonal or octagonal shape with one drainage hole at the bottom.

• Potting mixture: soil, sand and leaf mould

• Potting sticks• Potting sticks

• Sieves

• Copper wire of 10 to 22 gauze

• Wire cutter

• Pruning knife and secateur

• Watering can and tub

• Turntable

Demonstration on Juniper bonsai in Columbia

Planting time

• February-March

• July-August

Important Do’s• Choose plants hardy suitable for local climatic conditions.

• Choose simple container with adequate drainage.

• Position the plant correctly in the container.

• Do potting and repotting at right time.

• Eliminate air pockets during potting and repotting.

• Trim or prune regularly to produce a fine network of shoots.

• Keep bonsai in open airy place.

• Give balanced nutrition and use mild fertilizers or slow release • Give balanced nutrition and use mild fertilizers or slow release fertilizers.

• Provide plenty of sunshine to all sides of bonsai.

• Do thorough watering until water comes out of drainage hole.

• Check regularly drainage as water logging is very harmful.

• Inspect often for insect-pests and diseases.

• Develop a design suitable for the species.

• Design must be well balanced and natural looking.

• Give your love and affection by proper and constant care to bonsai.

Important Don’ts• Avoid choosing plants with large leaves, flowers and fruits.

• Do not choose a style unsuitable for the species.

• Avoid use of blunt cutting implements.

• Avoid unnatural objects for decoration.

• Do not be in hurry for getting flowers or fruits before getting desired shape.

• Do not mix chemicals and fertilizers in the same solution.• Do not mix chemicals and fertilizers in the same solution.

• Do not keep bonsai on the ground.

• Do not tie wire very tightly as it remains its dents after removal.

• Do not retain wires for a long duration.

• Avoid hard pruning in conifers.

• Do not give heavy fertilizers.

• Avoid freakish appearance of bonsai.