Virtual Reality and Health - UNC Health Sciences Library · Virtual Reality and Health Jason...

Jason Jerald, PhD @TheVRBook

Virtual Reality and Health

Jason Jerald, PhD

@TheVRBook

Jason Jerald, PhD20+ years of VR expertise40+ organizations70+ projects

What is Virtual Reality?

“A computer-generated digital environment

that can be experienced as if that

environment was real.”

—The VR Book

What is Virtual Reality(video)

The XR Continuum

Reality

Virtual

Reality

VR is not New!1830s to 1990s

Images Courtesy of The VR Book (with permissions from original sources)

VR Applications Beyond Entertainment• Real Estate• Medical Visualization• Command & Control• Scientific Visualization• Computer-Aided Design• Education• Simulation & Training• Telepresence• Tourism• Design Review/Markup• Proposals

• Advertising and Marketing• Location Based Exhibits• Retail• Crime Scene Investigation• Psychological studies• Human performance/factors

engineering• Rehabilitation• Pain Distraction• Immersive Film• Sports

Today’s Two VR Applications

• Medical Visualization• Neuroscience Education

Medical Visualization

iMedic by Immersive Medical Environment for Distributed Interactive Consultation

Congressional funding provided by the U.S Army’s Telemedicine & Advanced Technology Research Center

iMedic by Immersive Medical Environment for Distributed Interactive Consultation

Congressional funding provided by the U.S Army’s Telemedicine & Advanced Technology Research Center

Medical Teleconsultation

iMedic by

(video)

iMedic—how does it work?

– 3D Multitouch• Appropriate for abstract non-realistic interactions• Content/data independent• Written Specifically for immersive interaction• Solves gorilla arm• Reduces sim sickness

Education• What does our workforce need in the future?

• The ability to operate across a broader span of tasks and

situations, creating new demands:

–Increased complexity of work

–Continuous competency development

–Different ways of thinking

–Cognitive overloadSource: US General Services Administration

Education

“Tell me and I will forget.Teach me and I will remember.Involve me and I will learn.”

—Benjamin Franklin

Education

Image Courtesy of The VR Book (adapted from Dale [1969])

Neuroscience education by

Education

Funding provided by

Education(video)

EducationVR Immigrants

• Conventional speed• Linear processing• Text first• Step by step• Stand-alone• Passive• Work• Patience• Reality• Technology-as-foe

VR Natives

• Twitch speed• Parallel processing• Graphics first• Random access• Connected• Active• Play• Payoff• Fantasy• Technology-as-friend

Education

“The illiterate of the 21st century will not be

those who cannot read and write, but those

who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.”

—Alvin Toffler

Jason Jerald, PhD @TheVRBook 25

Questions

Additional Slides

Adverse Health Effects—Challenges• Injury• Motion sickness• Headset Fit• Hygiene• Aftereffects• Seizures

• Physical Fatigue• Eye strain

– Flicker– Accommodation-vergence

conflict– Occlusion-binocular

Conflict

Factors of Adverse Health EffectsSystem

• Latency• Calibration• Tracking accuracy & precision• Field of View• Refresh rate• Judder & Flicker• Display response & persistence• Vergence/Accommodation• Stereoscopic cues• Real world peripheral vision• Fit/Weight/center of mass• Motion platforms• Hygiene• Temperature• Dirty screens

Application

• Frame rate• Locus of control• Visual acceleration• Physical head motion• Duration• Vection• Binocular-occlusion conflict• Virtual rotation• Gorilla arm• Standing vs sitting• Rest frames• Binocular disparity• VR entrance & exit• Luminance• Repetitive strain

• History of motion sickness• VR experience• Health• Thinking about Sickness• Belief• Gender• Age• Mental model/expectations• Interpupilary distance• Not knowing• Sense of balance• Flicker fusion frequency

threshold• Real-world task experience• Migraine history

Adverse Health Effects

Cables and Safety– Sit in a Chair– Safe audio levels– Use a human spotter– Constrain/limit haptics– Provide harnesses, railing, and/or padding– Spend the time to arrange cables nicely. Cable tie them to

desk, etc. And then leave them.

Adverse Health Effects

Warning Grids

Motion SicknessThe Basics• The biggest problem is motion sickness

– Varies greatly from person to person

• As users:– Stop at the first sign of sickness– Be well-hydrated– Not hungry– Not hung over

• As demoers– Remind users not to “tough it out”– Choose comfortable applications

Motion Sickness

• Sensory Conflict• Evolution/Poison Theory• Postural Instability Theory• Rest Frame Hypothesis• Eye Movement Theory

Locomotion

• Physical walking• Teleportation• Dynamic field of view• Dynamic rest frames

Physical Walking

• Real-world one-to-one walking• Treadmill walking• Redirected walking• Walking in place

Teleportation

• Popularized byCloudHead Games

• Zero motion sickness

• Results in disorientationBowman & Hodges 199

Trainexus by

Dynamic Field of View

Image Courtesy of

Fernandes & Feiner 2016

Rest Frames

• Stabilized cues relative to real world Prothero & Parker (2003)

• Reduces sensory conflict between what you are seeing and what you are feeling

• Example: Cockpit

EVE Valkyrie by CCP Games

Rest Frames

Dynamic Rest Frames

Looking ahead with no DRF Looking ahead with DRF Looking to Right with DRF

Head-Mounted Displays

The Nanomanipulator

DDRIVE by and

Phones & Tablets

Zoo-AR by

VR Input Devices

Try the Merge Things for Yourself!

Go toBit.ly/MThings

Today’s Five VR Applications

• Training• Medical Visualization• Computer-Aided Design• Retail• Education

Computer-Aided Design

• Immersive modeling challenges– Not just polygons & special effects– Large number of options– Precision

by , , &

Computer-Aided Design(video)

by , , &

Where is Technology Going?The Past

• Expensive• Dedicated hardware• Train key jobs• Formal• Defense dominates• Experts create• Sequential learning• Accidental engagement

The Future

• Inexpensive• Multiuse (e.g., phones)• Train many jobs• Informal• Commercial dominates• Users create• Free-form learning• Intentional Fun

The Future

“The best way to predict the future is to invent it.”

—Alan Kay

Virtual Reality and Health - UNC Health Sciences Library · Virtual Reality and Health Jason...

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