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Violence Reduction
“The Shared Agenda”
John Carnochan QPM
Detective Chief Superintendent
Scottish Violence Reduction Unit
““More Law, Less Order”More Law, Less Order”Prof Irvine WallerProf Irvine Waller
“Truth springs from argument
amongst friends”
David Hume 1711-1776
Violence ChallengeViolence Challenge
• Straightforward = Command and Control
• Complicated = Management and Process
• Wicked = Leadership and Change
The The “How?”“How?”
“Interpersonal violence – violence between individuals in families and communities – is a public health problem.”
Etienne KrugDirector
Department of Injuries and Violence PreventionWorld health Organisation
2004
The The “How”“How”
Surveillance
Systematic data collection
Identify risk / protective factors
Research why it occurs
Develop and evaluate interventions
Find out what works.
Implement
Scale up and evaluate effective programmes
Partners: A&E AdmissionsPartners: A&E Admissions
Understand Causes of Understand Causes of ViolenceViolence
Two components to Violence:
• The propensity to be violent - personal factors
• The triggers of violence - social factorsThe Wave Report 2005 “Violence and what to do about it”
DeprivationDeprivation
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Literacy skills
Using numbers
Advanced IT or software skills
Strategic management skills
Basic computer literacy / using IT
Written communication skills
Other technical and practical skills
Oral communication skills
Team working skills
Problem solving skills
Customer handling skills
Planning and organising
What do Employers Want?What do Employers Want?
Percentage of Employers reporting an employee skill gap.
Future Skills Bar Chart. See Future Skills Scotland Website, Employer Survey 2004, p27, fig 15.
Rates of Return to Human Capital
Secondary
Preschool
Primary
Higher Education
Rates of Return to Human Rates of Return to Human CapitalCapital
Public Health ModelPublic Health Model
IndividualRelationship
Community
Societal
Parenting Lack of knowledge Friends that engage in violencePrevalence of gang cultureViolent families – siblings/parentsLack of significant adults/positive role model
Cultural norms Legitimisation of violenceAccess to and use of alcoholLack of aspiration Dependancy
Lack of punishment for pre cursor offences – knife carryingLack of visible swift justiceLinks to deprivationScottishness
Lack of communication skillsPoor behavioural controlImpulsivenessAggressive behaviourLack of skills to deal with conflict Lack of “life” skillsExclusion from Services/SchoolsNutrition Diet HealthAlcohol Lack of employment opportunities
The Big SevenThe Big Seven
1. Enrich Early Years Experience
2. Develop Adolescent Life Skills
3. Reduce Access to Alcohol
4. Reduce Access to Lethal Means
5. Promote Gender Equality
6. Change Cultural and Social Norms
7. Victim Identification and support
World Health Organisation
Liverpool JMU
birth
Early Years Framework
GIRFEC
Curriculum for Excellence
YJ Framework
Promoting Positive Outcomes (ASB)
Achieving our Potential (Poverty)
Equally Well (Health Inequalities)
Road to Recovery (Drugs)
Alcohol framework
181610
Purpose
Government Economic Strategy
National Outcomes
SOAs
NATIONAL POLICIES
NATIONAL PERFORMANCE
LIFE JOURNEY
Valuing our Young People
More Choices More Chances
National perspective - violence
• Wicked problem – for leaders not technicians• Partnership in action – policy and practice• Outcomes not processes• Public health inspired response
– Interdisciplinary (partnership)
– Evidence-led (problem profile – outcome evaluation)
– Prevention focused (earlier, more effective intervention – further upstream)
– Whole population/targeted (ecological model)
Challenges
• Joining up– Widening the coalition – health, education . . .– Dilution - everyone’s a partner; no-one’s responsible– Push me/pull me - Links between national policies and local
policy/delivery.– Outcomes – shared language? A new jargon?
• Scaling up– Fragmented delivery landscape– Lack of robust outcome evaluation (What works?)– Resources – state of public finances – opportunity?
• Wising up– Leadership – working the system - out of the comfort zone – doing
things differently. This is a highly adaptive challenge not a technical problem.
It is only with the positive commitment of strategic architects like you, that we can hope to make a real difference to the future of Scotland. The Violence Reduction Alliance Pledge is our shared vision to start building our alliance for a safer Scotland. We would appreciate your continued support in building that alliance.
Do you agree with the pledge? YES NO
If you disagree, please explain why:
The Action on Violence website www.actiononviolence.com has been developed to share information on events and initiatives andpromote best practice, between alliance
members and other interested parties.
I would like to receive updates on what is happening in Action on Violence
I would like to be a member of the Violence Reduction Alliance (I agree to my details below, being added to the website so as to share good practice on violence reduction across Scotland)
Name……………………………..
Organisation……………………..
Email Address………………………
Contact Telephone No…………….
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