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Variation of COVariation of CO22
mole fractionmole fraction
iin the lower n the lower free troposphere, in the boundary layerfree troposphere, in the boundary layer
andand
at the surfaceat the surface
L.
Haszpra1, M. Ramonet2, M. Schmidt2, Z. Barcza3, Zs. Pátkai1, K. Tarczay1, C. Yver4, J. Tarniewicz2, P. Ciais2
1
Hungarian Meteorological Service, Budapest, Hungary2
Laboratoire
des Sciences du Climat
et de l’Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France3
Department of Meteorology, Eötvös
Loránd
University, Budapest, Hungary4 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA,
U.S.A.
3D CO3D CO22
distribution is needed bydistribution is needed by•• transport models (operation, development, transport models (operation, development,
validation)validation)
•• calibration/validation remote sensing instruments calibration/validation remote sensing instruments (satellites, FTIR etc.)(satellites, FTIR etc.)
Tall towers: up to 100Tall towers: up to 100--500 m500 m
estimation of boundary layer mean may be estimation of boundary layer mean may be possible during intensive vertical mixingpossible during intensive vertical mixing
Exchange between the PBL and the lower Exchange between the PBL and the lower free tropospherefree troposphere
Information is also needed from above the PBLInformation is also needed from above the PBL
Aircraft, Aircraft, baloonbaloon, kite etc. , kite etc. sampling/in situ measurementssampling/in situ measurements
HUNGARYHUNGARY
HegyhHegyháátstsááll
TV/radio TV/radio transmitter tower (135 m)transmitter tower (135 m)
located in a flat region, in located in a flat region, in rural environment in rural environment in western Hungarywestern Hungary(see Haszpra et al., Atm. (see Haszpra et al., Atm. EnvirEnvir. 42 [2008], . 42 [2008], 87078707--8716.)8716.)
115 m
82 m
48 m
10 m
In situ COIn situ CO22
measurements at measurements at 4 elevations since Sept. 19944 elevations since Sept. 1994
NOAA air sampling since NOAA air sampling since March 1993 (site code: HUN)March 1993 (site code: HUN)
3000 m
2500 m
2000 m
1500 m
1000 m
500 m
200 m
115 m82 m48 m10 m
Flask air sampling at 7 elevations between 2001 and 2008 (1 flight/month)
Analyses by LSCE, France
In situ measurements (AOS Inc., Boulder, CO, USA) 200-3000 m in 2006 and 2008 (1 flight/week)
24 June 2008
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
375 380 385 390 395
CO2 (ppm)
elev
atio
n (m
)
ascent descent tower
top of
PBL
Estimation of the mean PBL CO2
mole fraction using
• in situ aircraft measurements+
• tower measurements
Comparison of the PBL-mean with the measurements on the tower
115 m (tower) minus PBL-mean = 0.35±0.85
μmol
mol-1
(annual average)
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
tow
er m
inus
PB
L-m
ean
(μm
ol m
ol-1
)
115 m
48 m
10 m
Ad t
summer: -0.41 μmol
mol-1
winter: +1.11 μmol
mol-1
annual summer winter115 m 0.35 -0.41 1.1148 m 0.25 -0.83 1.3310 m -0.24 -1.96 1.48
peak-to-peak amplitude:
2500-3000
m: 10.7 μmol
mol-1
10 m: 28.5 μmol
mol-1
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 31 61 92 122 153 183 214 244 275 305 336 366day of year
μmol
mol
-1
>2500 m
1500-2500 m
500-1500 m
115 m (f light days)
10 m (f light days)
CCGCRV data processing software by Kirk Thoning, NOAA
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
0 31 61 92 122 153 183 214 244 275 305 336 366day of year
μmol
mol
-1
>2500 m
1500-2500 m
500-1500 m
115 m (f light days)
10 m (f light days)
MBL
Caution! Potential fair weather bias
Maximum:
10-115 m: late Dec
500-1500 m: ~10 March
1500-2500 m: ~17 March
2500-3000 m: ~24 March
MBL*: ~15 April
Minimum: ~20 August
* GLOBALVIEW, 2010
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 31 61 92 122 153 183 214 244 275 305 336 366day of year
μmol
mol
-1
all w eather
f light days only
tower, 115 m
fair weather bias only
• in winter,
• at low elevation
Haszpra et al., 2012: Variation of CO2
mole fraction
in the lower free troposphere, in the boundary layer
and
at the surface. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussion 12, 11539-11566. (4 May 2012)
Aerial pictures by Martin Simon, pilot
Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention
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