Utility Smart Grid The Smart Substation · 2011-09-01 · Why is the Smart Substation •...

The Smart Utility M t Th S t G id

The SmartMeets The Smart Grid

The Smart SubstationSubstation

Bob UluskiQuantaQuanta 

Technology

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Why is the Smart Substation important?• Key power apparatus for maintaining the 

reliability and efficiency of the T&D system resides in the substations

• Effective monitoring and “smart” control capabilities in the substation can help achieve overall SG objectives 

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Why is the Smart Substation • Substations contain many of the most intelligent devices used forimportant?• Substations contain many of the most intelligent devices used for 

monitoring, protecting and controlling the power apparatus – the substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)

• Arguably, the substations include more intelligence (“smarts”) per square foot than any other field location

• Just like the AMI devices, IEDs provide a wealth of new information about the equipment status and performance that can assist in “smart” decision makingg

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Why is the Smart Substation C i l d PC d t t t dimportant?• Can include PCs, data concentrators, and other such facilities for preprocessingi f ti b f it i f d d tinformation before it is forwarded on to “decision makers”

• Effective mechanism for prioritizing and filtering the large volume of data from the “SmartGrid” and routing the info to the appropriate decision maker

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Why is the Smart Substation important?• Substations are becoming important communication 

hubs (centers) of the T&D system• Numerous technologies are available for bringing data in• Numerous technologies are available for bringing data in 

from “nearby” locations (line switches, capacitor banks, distributed sensors, etc) for preprocessing and forwardingforwarding

• Many utilities are implementing high bandwidth, high reliability, high security fiber optic communication f ili i h ( ) l i i f dfacilities that can move (route) large quantities of data to upstream locations

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Characteristics of the “Smart b ”Substation”

Secure Line SharingSwitchChannel Bank

DS0 forVoice

Channel

DS0 forTeltoneRemoteAccess

T1 Interface toAlcatel Sonet

NodeConitel SerialConnection

Voice Circuits

Operational Data &

Switch(e.g. Teltone Gauntlet)

Router/Firewall

Channel Bank

RemoteAccess

Ops and Non-Ops IPData VLANs

384kbps

D20 RTU

Ethernet Switch

GPS Receiver(Time Sync)

IRIG-B

D t C t t DNP3

IRIG-B

Access toIEDs & RTU via network

TCP/IPIRIG B

pNon Operational

Data Dial-Up Modemwith Security

Surveillance Camera (Open LAN Only)

Local

Access

D20 RTU

DFR/SER

(Time Sync)

Data Concentrator Data Concentrator

Data Concentrator

SEL

Ethernet TCP/IP

DNP3RS232

TCP/IPIRIG-B

Ethernet Switch

UserInterface

Hardwired Inputsand Outputs

Hardwired Inputs

Data Concentrator

Al

Data Concentrator"Interleave"Protocol

RS 232Vendor SpecificProtocol "(Passth h")

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

SELIED

Non-SELIED

AlarmAnnun

PLC

SELIED

SELIED

AlarmAnnun

PLC

SELIED

DNP3

Non-SELIED

through")

The Wealth of New DataThe Wealth of New Data

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

More dataMore data

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Cooling Fan MonitoringCooling Fan Monitoring

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Battery Charger MonitoringBattery Charger Monitoring

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Getting the Data to the Decision MakersBilling, SettlementsCustomer ServiceEngineeringPlanning Maintenance

..

WANSystem GIS Metering CIS

CascadeMMS

SCADASCADASCADA

Data Warehouse(PI)

SCADAData Warehouse

(PI)

gMV90

CIS

IED Non-OpData Servers

Dispatchers

SEL PMLION

PQNode

Secure S/SNetwork

CISCO

2701

RelayLAN

RTULAN

J-MUX

PQ/MeterLAN

DFRLAN

Laptop

CorporateAccess

Fiber

2030

2701

421Relay

500Series

IED

300SeriesIEDs

QEIHouseRTU

DymacDFR

PMLION

GPS

IRIG

DNP3

PQNode

p p

Telephone

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

yIED IED

(587)IEDs

DNP3

Substation

Operational DataBilling, SettlementsCustomer ServiceEngineeringPlanning Maintenance

..

WANSystem GIS Metering CIS

CascadeMMS

SCADASCADASCADA

Data Warehouse(PI)

SCADAData Warehouse

(PI)

gMV90

CIS

VLANs

Dispatchers

SEL PMLION

PQNode

IED Non-OpData Servers

Secure S/SNetwork

Operational Data• Real-time Telemetry

Al• Alarms• Events • SOE Data CISCO

RelayLAN

RTULAN

J-MUX

PQ/MeterLAN

DFRLAN

Laptop

CorporateAccess

Fiber

2030

2701

421Relay

500SeriesIED

300SeriesIED

QEIHouseRTU

DymacDFR

PMLION

GPS

IRIG

DNP3

PQNode

Laptop

Telephone

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

RelayIED IED

(587)IEDs

DNP3

Substation

Data Portal for Non‐Operational DataBilling, SettlementsCustomer ServiceEngineeringPlanning Maintenance

..

WANSystem GIS Metering CIS

CascadeMMS

SCADASCADASCADA

Data Warehouse(PI)

SCADAData Warehouse

(PI)

gMV90

CIS

IED Non-OpD t S

VLANs

Dispatchers

SEL PMLION

PQNode

Data ServersSecure S/SNetwork

Non-Operational Data• Real-Time I/O• Historical I/O• Oscillography data• Oscillography data• Event Files•PQ data•OtherMaintenance Data• Setting and

CISCO

RelayLAN

RTULAN

J-MUX

PQ/MeterLAN

DFRLAN

Laptop

CorporateAccess

Fiber

gConfiguration• Asset Information• Other

2030

2701

421Relay

500SeriesIED

300SeriesIED

QEIHouseRTU

DymacDFR

PMLION

GPS

IRIG

DNP3

PQNode

Laptop

Telephone

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

RelayIED IED

(587)IEDs

DNP3

Substation

Real‐Time Equipment Rating

– Base equipment ratings on actual conditions rather than conservative assumptions

– Squeeze more capacity out of existing equipment

– Example: Transformer “Hot Spot” Monitoring• Monitor the true winding hot spot temperature

• Derive loadability from the results

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

“Predictive Maintenance”Equipment Condition Monitoring

• Potential Role of SmartPotential Role of Smart Substation– Monitor specialized sensors and– Monitor specialized sensors and “regular” IEDs

– Perform “expert system”Perform  expert system  analysis

– Inform engineers or dispatchersInform engineers or dispatchers of possible problems (“incipient” problems)

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

– Supply “non‐operational” data to maintenance management 

Expert System ProcessingExpert System ProcessingRule based expert system Emulate reasoning of a human expert maintaining the circuit breakers. Compare the extracted signal features against the empirically obtained values.

(defrule R61(d l ( li 1280))

p g g p yEach type of circuit breaker has set of rules used in the decision-making process

(declare (salience -1280))(initial-fact)(closing)(not (R61_fired))(or (R69_fired) (R72_fired) (R75_fired))(R24_2_fired)

=>>(assert (R61_fired))(printout t crlf " R61: Stuck breaker while closing!"crlf)

(printout outFile " R61: Stuck breaker while closing!"crlf)

)

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

The Smart Substation – An “Enabler” ffor DA

Feeder L ti

DA Logic Resides On All Controllers

Control Feeder DA Logic

Resides Here

Control Center

Locations

S b t tiDrawn by R Uluski EnerNex Corp

Substation Master

Control Center Locations

SubstationDrawn by R. Uluski, EnerNex

Substation Master

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

SubstationDrawn by R. Uluski, EnerNex Corp

The Smart Substation – An 

Control Center

“Enabler” for DA

SCADA/EMS(Telvent)

Substation Data Concentrator(Cybectec, Subnet) Feeder Devices

Application

Unlicensed Spread Spectrum

Radio

Bus Tie Circuit Breaker

Protective Relay IED

Feeder Circuit Breaker

Protective Relay IED

Feeder Circuit Breaker

Protective Relay IED

Switch C t ll

Radio

Switch C ll

Radio Line Switch(Cooper,

S&C)

Switch Controller

RadioRadioppServer

Line Switch(Cooper,

S&C)

Controller

Line Switch(Cooper,

S&C)

Controller S&C)

Substation

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Integrated Volt‐VAR Control Componentsp

• IVVC Software– Optimal powerflow solution versus “rule‐

based” approach • Interfaces to field devicesbased  approach• Processor For Running IVVC Software

– Centralized master station– Substation based processor

Interfaces to field devices– Substation LTC transformers– Substation and line regulators– Substation and line capacitor banks– Voltage monitors (optional)

• Communication facilities (2 way preferred)( y p )

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Example of “Smart Substation” Centered Feeder Automation

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Fault LocationFault Location

Known fault

location

M t

Probable fault locations

Measurements

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: “Intelligent” Bus Failover

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: “Intelligent” Bus Failover

TransformerFault

Occurs

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Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: “Intelligent” Bus Failover

TransformerFault

Occurs

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Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: “Intelligent” Bus Failover

TrfProtectionOperates

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Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: “Intelligent” Bus Failover

Bus TransferScheme

O t

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Operates

Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: “Intelligent” Bus Failover

Shed LoadIf Necessary

To Adjacent

Substation

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

Automatic Control in the Smart Substation: “Intelligent” Bus Failover

Restore LoadRestore LoadUsing FeederAutomation

To Adjacent

Substation

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

The ChallengesThe Challenges

• Data managementData management

• Maintenance of substation databases, models, displaysdisplays

• Interface difficulties – use of industry d dstandards

• Loss of visibility to automatic control actions by control room 

• Security – “Resist Attack” (cyber, physical)

© 2010 Quanta Technology LLC

y ( y , p y )

• Others?.....