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International Atomic Energy Agency
US NRC Research Reactor Decommissioning Regulations, Release Criteria and Guidance
R2D2P Workshop on Release of Buildlings and Sites/Final Survey Research Reactors
Eureka, CA September 28 - Oct 2, 2015
Bruce Watson, CHPChief, Reactor Decommissioning Branch
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission
International Atomic Energy Agency
U. S. Research Reactor Experience Recent US Research Reactor License TerminationsCornell UniversityUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of Arizona University of IllinoisWorcester Polytechnic InstituteUniversity of MichiganResearch Reactors in DecommissioningState University of New York at BuffaloVeterans Affairs – OmahaGeneral Atomics (2)GETR
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International Atomic Energy Agency
US Radiological Release Criteria Unrestricted Release
• Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) ≤ 25 mrem (0.25 mSv/a) and As Low As is Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)
• Average member of the critical group• All pathways• Period of performance - 1000 years
Restricted release• ≤ 25 mrem (0.25 mSv/a) TEDE and ALARA, with
institutional controls in effect• Legally enforceable institutional controls• If institutional controls fail, doses do not exceed 1
mSv/a, or 5 mSv/a, under specific circumstances• Financial assurance - independent third party• Licensee and NRC public input / outreach requirements
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International Atomic Energy Agency
From Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations:
1) 10 CFR 50.75(f)
Preliminary Decommissioning Plan
• Two years prior to end of operation
• Decommissioning Cost estimate and funding assurance
• Updated assessment of Decommissioning Factors
– Decommissioning Alternative (Strategy)
– Necessary Technical actions for safe decommissioning
– Waste disposal facilities
– Residual radioactivity criteria
– Site Specific factors
Research Reactor Decommissioning Requirements
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International Atomic Energy Agency
From Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations:
2) 10 CFR 50.82
Licensee must apply for license termination within 2 years
Application must include a proposed Decommissioning Plan (DP)
Detailed DP must be approved prior to start of activities
If decommissioning is not immediate, a separate decommissioning fund must be established
Research Reactor Decommissioning Requirements
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Required (Final) Decommissioning Plan Contents
Selected Decommissioning Alternative (Strategy) • Delays are to be minimal• Deferred dismantling is rare for RTRs• Description of activities involved
Description of controls and procedures
• For occupational and public health and safety
Description of planned final radiation survey
Updated cost estimate, and
• Evaluation of adequacy of funds
Description of Technical Specifications, including• Quality Assurance plans, and • Physical Security plans
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Decommissioning Plan ReviewRegulatory Guidance
•NUREG-1537, Part 2, Guidelines for Preparing and Reviewing Applications for the Licensing of Non-Power Reactors, Standard Review Plan and Acceptance Criteria, February 1996, Chapter 17•NUREG – 1757 Volume 2, Consolidated Decommissioning Guidance•NUREG – 1575, Multi-Agency Radiological Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM)•NUREG – 1507, Minimum Detectable Concentrations with Typical Radiation Survey Instruments for Various Contaminants and Field Conditions
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Decommissioning Plan Review Areas of Review
• Management and Organizational Structure• Methods, Techniques, and Equipment for radiological assessment• Methods, Techniques, and Equipment for removing contaminated
material• Methods for Controlling radioactivity for acceptable disposal• Methods for assessing and limiting personnel exposures to
radiation– i.e. monitoring & protecting from undue external exposure and
internal doses from ingestion, inhalation or skin contact• Methods, Techniques, and Equipment for accurately measuring low
exposure rates and concentrations of residual radioactivity• Approach and Format for reporting radiological information of final
radiation survey
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Decommissioning Plan Review, 2
Safety Evaluation Report (Safety Case)
DP must accomplish the following:• Show that the licensee will comply
with technical & regulatory requirements
• Describe methods to properly dispose of radioactivity
• Demonstrate that the licensee has resources needed to complete decommissioning
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International Atomic Energy Agency
NRC Decommissioning Plan Areas of Review
Summary
Activities• Alternative (Strategy)• Facility Radiological Status
– Operating History– Current Radiological Status– Release Criteria
• Tasks & Schedule• Organization and Responsibilities• Training• Contractor Assistance• Documents and Guides
Protection of Health & Safety of Workers and Public• Radiation Protection (ALARA-dose optimization)• Radioactive Waste Management (including fuel)
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International Atomic Energy Agency
NRC DP Areas of Review, 2
Radiological Accident Analyses
Proposed Final Radiation Survey Plan
Technical Specifications
Physical Security Plan
Emergency Plan
Environmental Report
Changes to the Decommissioning Plan• Procedures indicating when NRC approval will be
required.• Typically any change that could result in leaving more
residual radioactivity• See NUREG-1700 Appendix 2, for an example
References
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Thank You!
Questions???
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