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Urban Settlement Patterns
Why Urban settlement?• Prior to agricultural revolution, every
individual was required to find enough food to survive.
• Agricultural Revolution – ancient times – 10,000 years ago - spared some people from agricultural work because farms produced food surpluses
• This allowed people to become specialists in other fields (metal working, government, carpenter, medicine...)
Mesopotamia
Urban Land Use
Residential
• Where people live• 40% of a cities lands• Ex. Single-family houses to apartment
buildings• Low Density – Single Detached Housing
• Medium Density - High Density- Townhouses - Apartments
Residential Density – the number of housing units/hectare
Transportation Land Use
• Roads– Expressways, Arterial Roads, Collector Roads,
Local Roads
• Transit Systems – Train tracks• Facilities- Airports, Bus Station, Parking Lots
Low Order Goods
• Require only a small population• Used by a small amount of customers on a
frequent basis• Ex. A Post Office, convenience store,
elementary school, gas station
Middle Order Goods
• Stores that sell entertainment, cars, clothing, office supplies...
• Include family services such as doctors offices and hair salons
• While we need these services from time to time, there are fewer customers shopping for them
• Ex. high school, Canadian Tire, Silver City, Ford Dealership, Future Shop
High Order Goods• Requires a large population• These goods and services are expensive and
are purchased infrequently• Thus, you need a large population to establish
one for business• Ex. Children’s Hospital, College and University,
Sports team (major league), Ferrari Dealership, profession theatre/ concert
Commercial Land Use
• About 5% of the city’s land is used for commercial activity
• These activities include the buying and selling of goods and services in retail establishments, financial services, and other businesses
• They provide jobs and bring money into the community.
Types of Commercial Land Use
• 1 –Local Service Centers• 2 –Neighbourhood Plazas• 3 –Community Shopping Centers• 4 –Power Centers• 5 –Regional Shopping Centers• 6 –Downtown or Central Business District
Local Service Centres
• Street corner shops• Low order goods and services for people in
surrounding area
Neighbourhood Plazas
• Small shopping centres contain a number of small to medium sized stores with parking lots
Community Shopping Centres
• Malls are found at major street intersections in large cities.
• They are usually anchors for the mall.• Ex. Canadian Tire
Power Centres
• The “Big Box” Stores found in Canada.• Companies that need a large amount of floor
space for their store.• Famous Players, Best Buy, Staples, The Bay
Regional Shopping Centres• Large regional shopping malls that have
specialized stores for high threshold pop.• Located near major highways and in large
suburbs• High and middle order goods
Central Business District• The CBD is what most people call “downtown”• High demand for office space raises land value• Developers build tall buildings to maximize the
use of this expensive land• Found in Canada’s largest cities
Industrial land Use
• On average, about 6% of urban land use• Light Industries – Maple Leaf foods• Heavy Industries – Ford, Dofasco• Warehouses – along the highway and traffic
routes
Institutional Land Use
• About 10% of urban land use• Schools• Government Buildings• Court Houses• Prisons
Parks and Recreation Space
• About 7% of urban land use• City Parks • YMCA• Sports arenas • Pools...
1. Basic vs Non-Basic Industry
• Basic Industry– Businesses that bring money into the community
by attracting people into the community or selling outside of the community• Stelco, Ski Resort, Ford
• Non-Basic Industry– Sells within the community, does not bring profits
into the community• Grocery Store, fast food restaurant
Central Place Theory• Good and services offered by Central Places• They vary in size and area and support a
specific area
• Threshold Population– The number of population needed to support a
good or a service. The more expensive the good is the more population needed to support it
Central Place Theory
Multiplier Effect
• Explains how a city will grow by the addition of a Basic Industry
• Ratio – 1 Basic job will create 3 Non Basic Jobs
Ford Plant - 1000 workers - 3000 non-basic jobs will be created
Different Urban Places
• Diversified Urban Centres– A City with many functions – Toronto, Vancouver• Services, Manufacturing, Transportation, Culture,
Tourism
• Resource Towns – Sudbury, Timmins• Manufacturing Cities- Hamilton, Sarnia• Transportation Cities- Thunder Bay• Tourist Cities – Collingwood, Banff• Government Centres – Ottawa, Fredericton
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