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United States History to 1877. Review. Which body of water was the gateway to the west?. Ohio River. Which body of water located in the Midwest would you find inland port cities?. The Great Lakes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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United States History to 1877
Review
Which body of water was the gateway to the west?
Ohio River
Which body of water located in the Midwest would you find inland port
cities?
The Great Lakes
Which body of water provided the French and Spanish with
exploration routes to Mexico and other parts of America?
Gulf of Mexico
Which body of water was a highway for explorers, early
settlers, and later immigrants?
Atlantic Ocean
Which body of water was explored by Lewis and Clark?
Columbia River
Which body of water forms the border between Mexico and the
United States?
Rio Grande
Which two bodies of water were transportation arteries for industrial
and farm products?
Mississippi and Missouri Rivers
Which bodies of water was have allowed the United States access to
other areas of the world?
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
How do bodies of water create links to other areas?
Support trade, transportation, and
settlement
Which geographical region has broad lowlands and many excellent
harbors?
Coastal Plain
Which geographical region is located along the Atlantic Ocean
and Gulf of Mexico?
Coastal Plain
Which geographical region has rolling flat lands with many rivers?
Interior Lowlands
Which geographical region has broad river valleys and grassy hills?
Interior Lowlands
Which geographical region is located west of the Coastal Plain?
Appalachian Mountains
Which geographical region has the oldest mountain range in North
America?
Appalachian Mountains
Which geographical region extends from eastern Canada to western
Alabama?
Appalachian Mountains
Which geographical region has eroded mountains?
Appalachian Mountains
Which geographical region is wrapped around the Hudson Bay
and shaped like a horseshoe?
Canadian Shield
Which geographical region has hills worn by erosion and hundreds of
lakes carved by glaciers?
Canadian Shield
Which geographical region is located west the Appalachian
Mountains and east of the Great Plains?
Interior Lowlands
Which geographical region is located west of the Interior
Lowlands and east of the Rocky Mountains?
Great Plains
Which geographical region has flat land that gradually increases in
elevation westward?
Great Plains
Which geographical region consist of grasslands?
Great Plains
Which geographical region is located west of the Great Plains
and east of the Basin and Range?
Rocky Mountains
Which geographical region has rugged mountains stretching from
Alaska almost to Mexico?
Rocky Mountains
Which geographical region contains the Continental Divide?
Rocky Mountains
Which geographical region consist of high elevations?
Rocky Mountains
Which geographical region is located west of the Rocky
Mountains and east of the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades?
Basin and Range
Which geographical region is consist of Death Valley?
Basin and Range
What is the lowest point in North America?
Death Valley
Which geographical region contains isolated mountain ranges?
Basin and Range
Which geographical region has rugged mountains along the Pacific
Coast?
Coastal Range
Which geographical region contains fertile valleys?
Coastal Range
Which geographical region stretches from California to
Canada?
Coastal Range
Which American Indian group inhabited present day Alaska and
Northern Canada?
Inuit
Which American Indian group lived in Arctic areas?
Inuit
Which American Indian group lived in freezing temperatures?
Inuit
Which American Indian group inhabited the Pacific Northwest
Coast?
Kwakiutl
Which American Indian group lived in a rainy mild climate?
Kwakiutl
Which American Indian group lived in the heavily forested Northeast?
Iroquois
How did geography and climate impact how American Indian groups
met their basic needs?
Shelter was made of resources found in their environment.
What are some examples of resources used by Native
Americans to build their shelter?
Sod, stones, animal skins, and wood.
Which American Indian group inhabited the Southwest?
Pueblo
Which American Indian group inhabited present-day New Mexico
and Arizona?
Pueblo
Which American Indian group inhabited desert areas and areas bordering cliffs and mountains?
Pueblo
Which American Indian group inhabited the interior of the United
States characterized by dry grasslands?
Lakota
Which American Indian group inhabited the Eastern Woodlands?
Iroquois
Name the American Indian group for each location on the
map.
What economic reasons motivated explorers?
Gold, natural resources, and trade
What religious reason encouraged European exploration?
Spread of Christianity
How did competition encourage exploration?
Build an empire and belief in superiority
of own culture
Name four obstacles to exploration?
• poor maps and navigational tools
• fear of the unknown• disease/starvation,• lack of adequate supplies
What are three accomplishments of exploration?
• Exchanged goods and ideas• Improved navigational tools and ships• Claimed territories
Who claimed the Southwest for Spain?
Francisco Coronado
What settlement did Samuel Champlain establish?
Quebec
What area did Robert La Salle claim?
Mississippi River Valley
What area did John Cabot explore?
Eastern Canada
Which explorer settled each of these areas?
From which European country did these explorers travel?
What area did the Portuguese explore?
West Africa
What European group conquered and enslaved the American
Indians?
Spanish
What European country brought Christianity to the New World?
Spanish
Which European country brought diseases that destroyed Native
American population?
Spanish
Which European country established trading posts?
French
Which European country was most influential in spreading Christianity?
French
Which European country established settlements and claimed ownership of land?
English
Which European country learned farming techniques from the
American Indian?
English
Which European country traded with the First Americans?
English
Which interactions between Europeans and American Indians were examples of cooperation?
• Europeans brought weapons and metal tools
• Trade• Crops
Which interactions between Europeans and American Indians
were examples of conflict?
• Land• Competition for trade• Differences in cultures• Disease• Language difference
Which three west African societies became powerful by controlling
trade?
• Mali• Songhai• Ghana
From 300 to 1600 AD, which area did Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
dominate?
West Africa
What did the Portuguese trade with African societies to obtain gold?
Metals, cloth, and other manufactured goods from Europe
Which colony was established as an economic venture but was NOT
successful?
Roanoke Island
What was the first permanent English settlement in North
America?
Jamestown
Which colony was started in 1607 as an economic venture for
England?
Jamestown
Who financed the first permanent English settlement?
Virginia Company
Who settled the Plymouth Colony?
Separatists from the Church of England
Why was the Plymouth colony settled?
Separatists who wanted to avoid
religious persecution
What religious group settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Puritans
For what reason was the Massachusetts Bay Colony settled?
Puritans who wanted to avoid religious
persecution
What religious group settled Pennsylvania?
Quakers
Who settled Georgia?
People who had been in debtor’s
prisons in England
What did English debtors hope to do in the New World?
Experience a new life in the colony and
economic freedom
Which colonial region would have hilly terrain, rocky soil and a jagged
coastline?
New England
Which colonial region would you find many diverse religions?
Mid-Atlantic
Which colonial region would you find market towns?
Mid-Atlantic
Which colonial region contains the Boston Harbor?
New England
Which colonial region would laws have been in town meetings?
New England
Which colonial region would you find religious reformers?
New England
Which colonial region would the Church of England be the
center of life?
South
Which colonial region would people have made a living by fishing,
shipbuilding, and naval supplies?
New England
Which colonial region would you find the geographical features:
Piedmont and the Atlantic Coastal Plain?
South
Which colonial region would you find a humid climate?
South
Which colonial region would you find large plantations, cash crops
and slavery?
South
Which colonial region would there be counties with few cities, few
schools?
South
Livestock, grain, and fish are examples of specialization for
which colonial region?
Mid-Atlantic
Which colonial region would large land owners live in mansion on
plantations?
South
What were the capital resources for all colonial regions?
Tools and buildings
Unskilled and skilled workers were human resources for which colonial
region?
Mid-Atlantic
The New England colonies depended on the Southern colonies
for crops such as tobacco, rice, cotton, and indigo, and for forest products such as lumber, tar, and pitch. They depended on the Mid-Atlantic colonies for livestock and
grains. Of what is this an example?
Mid-Atlantic
What is an indentured servants?
Men and women who did not have money for passage to the
colonies and agreed to work without pay for the person who
paid for their passage
Which colonial groups relied on family members for labor?
farmers
What colonial group worked as craftsmen?
artisans
What colonial group worked as caretakers, houseworkers, and
homemakers?
women
What colonial groups could not vote?
Women and free African
Americans
What colonial group were sold and treated as property?
Enslaved African Americans
Who controlled colonial trade?
England
Why did England need to tax the colonies?
To pay for the French and Indian War
What did colonies trade for manufactured goods?
Raw materials
Who enforced colonial laws?
Colonial governors
Who made colonial laws?
Colonial legislatures
Who appointed the colonial governors?
The King or the proprietor
What was the economical relationship between England and
the colonies?
England tried to establish and maintain control over
colonial trade
What was the political relationship between England and the colonies?
Colonists had to obey English laws
What were two reasons for Britain’s taxation of the colonies?
• finance the French and Indian War• Help maintain British troops in the
colonies
What were sources for colonial dissatisfaction?
• No representation in Parliament• Colonial resentment of the power of the
colonial governors• Opposition to taxes• Proclamation of 1763
What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
Restricted the western movement
of settlers
What British law-making body did the colonists feel that they had no
representation?
Parliament
Why did Britain want to control the colonies?
• Britain wanted to remain a world power
• Raise revenue to pay for the French and Indian War
In what document is this excerpt? “People have certain unalienable
rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
Declaration of Independence
Whose ideas were used in the Declaration of Independence?
European Philosophers
Which document addresses the inalienable rights of life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness?
Declaration of Independence
What are the key points of the Declaration of Independence ?
• People have certain inalienable rights• People establish governments to
protect those rights• People have a right and duty to
change a government that violates their rights
Which document proclaimed independence from England?
Declaration of Independence
From where did Thomas Jefferson believe government derived its
power?
The people
Why are governments established?
To protect the rights of the
people
What can people do when governments fails to protect their
rights?
Have the duty and right to change the
government
What inherent rights did the Declaration of Independence
emphasize?
Natural RightsLife, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Who was the British king during the Revolutionary era?
King George III
Who was the British general who surrender to Yorktown?
Lord Cornwallis
Who was the commander of the continental army?
George Washington
What colonial leader championed the cause of independence?
John Adams
Who was the major author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What outspoken member of the House of Burgesses proclaimed,
“Give me liberty or give me death!”?
Patrick Henry
What prominent member of the Continental Congress help frame the Declaration of Independence?
Benjamin Franklin
What former slave wrote poems and plays supporting American
independence?
Phyllis Wheatley
What patriot warned the colonist, “The British are coming!”?
Paul Revere
In which event were colonist shot after taunting British soldiers?
Boston Massacre
In which event did Samuel Adams and Paul Revere lead patriots to
throw tea in a harbor?
Boston Tea Party
In which event did delegates meet to discuss problems with England
and promote independence?
First Continental Congress
In which event did the first armed conflict occur during the American
Revolution?
Battle of Lexington and Concord
When was the Declaration of Independence approved?
July 4, 1776
Which battle was the turning point of the American Revolution?
Battle of Saratoga
What was the final battle of the Revolutionary War?
Surrender at Yorktown
What did the battle at Yorktown signify?
Marked the end of the Revolutionary
War
Who was defeated at Yorktown?
Lord Cornwallis
What document recognized American independence?
Treaty of Paris
Why were the colonist able to defeat Great Britain?
• Colonist:–were defending their own land,
principles, and beliefs–Had support from France–Had strong leadership
What was the first written plan of government for the nation?
Articles of Confederation
Name the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
• Weak national government• Congress had no power to tax or regulate
commerce among states• No common currency• Each state had one vote regardless of size• No executive or judicial branch
The Articles of Confederation provided for what type of national
government?
Weak
The Articles of Confederation gave each state how many votes?
One
The Articles of Confederation did not provide for which two branches
of government?
Executive and Judicial
The Articles of Confederation did not give Congress the ability to do
what regarding trade?
regulate
The Articles of Confederation lead to the construction of which
document?
The Constitution of the United States
Why did state delegates met in Philadelphia?
To decide not to revise the Articles of Confederation but
to write a new constitution
Who was elected president of the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
What did delegates debated?
how much power should be given to the new national
government and how large and small states should be
represented in the new government
What did the Great Compromise decided?
how many votes each state would have in the Senate and the
House of Representatives
What was signed at the end of the convention?
The Constitution
A minimum of how many of the thirteen states had to vote in
favor of the Constitution before it could become law.
Nine
What was based on the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Virginia Statute for Religious
Freedom?
The Bill of Rights
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the first ten amendments to the Constitution
called?
The Bill of Rights
What are three specific written guarantees of individual rights in
the Bill of Rights?
Freedom of Speech, Freedom
of Religion
Under which of the first five presidents was the federal court
system established?
George Washington
Under which of the first five presidents did the Bill of Rights
become a part of the US Constitution?
George Washington
Under which of the first five presidents did plans for the national
capital develop?
George Washington
Under which of the first five presidents did Benjamin Banneker help complete the designs for the
national capital?
George Washington
Under which of the first five presidents did the two party system
emerge?
John Adams
Under which of the first five presidents was the Louisiana
territory purchased?
Thomas Jefferson
Under which of the first five presidents had Lewis and Clark
explore the land west of the Mississippi?
Thomas Jefferson
Under which of the first five presidents did the War of 1812
occur?
James Madison
What was the result of the War of 1812?
European nations gained respect for the United States
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
Warned European nations to not interfere in the Western Hemisphere
Which of the first five Presidents gave a warning to European
nations?
James Monroe
Who was the famous African American astronomer and surveyor who helped to design the national
city?
Benjamin Banneker
What new territories were added between 1801 and 1861?
• Louisiana Territory• Florida• Texas• Oregon• California
Which territory was purchased from France?
Louisiana Purchase
Which territory doubled the size of the United States?
Louisiana Territory
Which territory was gained through a treaty with Spain?
Florida
Which territory was added after it became an independent republic?
Texas
Which territory was divided by the United States and Great Britain?
Oregon
Which territory was gained as a result of war with Mexico?
California
How far did Lewis and Clark explore the Louisiana Purchase?
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean
Name the Territories on the map.
What two factors influenced westward expansion prior to the
Civil War?
Geography and Economy
How did population in the east influence westward movement?
Population grew in eastern states which forced people west
What economic factors encouraged westward movement?
• Gold (California Gold Rush),• logging, • farming, • freedom (runaway slaves)
What economic opportunities were available in areas like California?
Gold
What types of transportation made westward movement cheaper and
faster?
•Rivers and Canals•steamboats
What canal made it faster for steamboats to pass through?
Erie Canal
What overland trails allowed for westward movement?
Oregon and Santa Fe
What is Manifest Destiny?
The idea that expansion was for the good of the
country and was the right of the country
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
How did the cotton gin impact the need for slave labor?
It increased the production of cotton
and more slaves
What invention did Jo Anderson and Cyrus McCormick
create?/Which of them was an entrepreneur?
ReaperCyrus McCormick
How did the reaper impact the farm production?
Increased the productivity of the American farmer
Who was Robert Fulton?
The entrepreneur who improved the steamboat
How did the steamboat help to connect?
Provided for faster river transportation connecting Southern plantations to
Northern industries
What impact did the steam locomotive have transportation?
Provided for faster land transportation
What did abolitionist believe?
Slavery was morally wrong, cruel and inhumane, and violated the principles of
democracy
What was the Suffrage movement?
The movement led by strong women who began their
campaign before the Civil War and continued after the war
ended
Who were three abolitionist and?
Harriet TubmanWilliam Lloyd Garrison
Frederick Douglass
In which movement would you most likely hear “All men and women
were created equal”?
Suffrage Movement
Three prominent leaders during the Suffrage Movement?
Isabel Sojourner TruthSusan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Who was Susan B. Anthony?
Suffrage Movement leader
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
Suffrage Movement leader
What did the South begin to proclaim as a means of self-
protection from the North prior to the Civil War?
States’ rights
What was the North’s belief regarding the Nation prior to the
Civil War?
The nation was a union and could not
be divided
What type of issues divided the nation prior to the Civil War?
• Cultural• Economic• Constitutional• Slavery
How did the issue of slavery divide the nation?
The South relied on slave labor while the
North did not
How did the North and South differ in culture?
• North was mainly an urban/manufacturing society
• South was primarily agricultural
How did many people in the urban North earn a living?
People held jobs in factories
What characterized the culture of the South?
People lived in small villages and on farms
and plantations
How did the cultural issues make it difficult for the North and the
South?
It became very difficult for the two to agree on
social and political issues
What were some economic issues that divided the North and South?
The North was a manufacturing region while the South was agricultural
region
Why did the North favor tariffs?
Tariffs protected factory owners and workers from
foreign competition
Why did the South oppose tariffs?
Tariffs would cause prices of manufactured goods
to increase
How would tariffs impact Southern economy prior to the Civil War?
England may stop buying cotton from the South if
tariffs were added
What was the constitutional difference between the North and
South?
States’ rights versus a strong central
government
If the South did not agree with a federal law, what did they believe
they should have the power to do?
The South believed they had the power to declare any national law illegal
What did the North believe was the power of the national government?
The North believed the national government was supreme over that of the
states
How did the South feel about slavery?
South- abolition of slavery would
destroy the region
How did the North feel about slavery?
North- abolition of slavery for moral
reasons
What compromises did the nation attempt to resolve their issues prior
to the Civil War?
• Missouri Compromise (1820)• Compromise of 1850• Kansas-Nebraska Act
What was the Missouri Compromise in 1820?
Missouri would enter the union as a slave state, while Maine would enter as a free
state
What was the Compromise of 1850?
California was a free state, while the Southwest
territories would decide about slavery
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
People decided the slavery issue
The concept of having the people decide the slavery issue is an
example of what?
Popular sovereignty
What prompted Southern Secession?
Abraham Lincoln’s election
What began the Civil War?
Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter
in South Carolina
How did many Southerners view states and the formation of the
Union?
States freely created and joined the union and could
freely leave the union
How did Abraham Lincoln and many Northerners view states and
the formation of the Union?
United States was on nation that could not be
separated or divided
On which side did these states fight? Alabama, Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Tennessee, and Virginia
The South-They seceded from the Union
Of the states that remained with the Union, which states were Border
states (slave states)?
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and
Missouri
Who issued the Emancipation Proclamation?
Abraham Lincoln
Who was president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
Who was general of the Union army that defeated Lee?
Ulysses S. Grant
Who was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia?
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Who was a former slaver who escaped to the North and became
an abolitionist?
Frederick Douglass
Who was offered the command of the Union forces, but chose to not
fight against Virginians?
Robert E. Lee
Who opposed secession, but did not believe the union should be
held together by force?
Robert E. Lee
Who urged Southerners to accept defeat at the end of the war and
reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue to fight ?
Robert E. Lee
Who wrote the Gettysburg Address?
Abraham Lincoln
Who was determined to preserve the Union by force if necessary?
Abraham Lincoln
What was the Gettysburg Address?
Speech given by Abraham Lincoln in which he said the Civil War was to preserve a
government “of the people, by the people, and for the
people.”
What battle began the Civil War?
Firing on Fort Sumter, S.C.
What battle was the first major battle?
Battle of Manassas
What is another name for the Battle of Manassas?
Bull Run
How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact the Civil War?
It made “freeing the slaves” the new focus
of the war
What was the significance of the Battle of Vicksburg?
It divided the South and the North controlled the Mississippi River
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?
It was the turning point of the war. The North
repelled Lee’s invasion.
What was the significance of Appomattox Court House?
Lee surrender to Grant in 1865 which ended
the war.
What southern ports did the Union block?
Savannah, Charleston, and New Orleans.
Which locations were examples of each forces trying to capture capital
cities?
RichmondCapital of the Confederacy
Washington, D.C.
Which location was an attempt to move to higher ground during the
Civil War?
Gettysburg
How were families impacted by the Civil War?
Families were often pitted against one
another
How did Southern troops compare to Northern troops?
Southern troops were increasingly younger and poorly equipped
and clothed
How did the Civil War impact much of the South?
Much of the South was devastated - Atlanta and Richmond were
burned
Who was Clara Barton?
Civil War nurse and creator of the Red
Cross
How were women impacted by the Civil War?
Women were left to run businesses in the North
and farms and plantations in the South
When the Confederacy collapsed, what happened to Confederate
money?
It was worthless
How did the Civil War impact African Americans?
• fought for Union/Used ship workers, cooks, laborers and camp workers in the both the Confederacy
• Less pay• Discrimination• Served in segregated units
Who was Robert Smalls?
a sailor and later a Union naval captain
What was Robert Smalls honored for during the Civil War?
Bravery and heroism
What did Robert Smalls do after the Civil War?
He became a Congressman
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