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Unit # 4:The Founding PeriodPart 2
Ms. Jennifer L. Blank10tth Grade Global Studies
SPECIAL NOTE:
THIS POWER POINT DOES NOT CONTAIN EVERYTHING …
MANY CONTENT ITEMS WILL BE DISCUSSED IN CLASS!
Constitution and New Republic,1776-1800
Introduction to the Constitution:• Not the 1st form of US govt.• What was that? Watch the Knowmia lesson to find out!
• Not easily adopted (ratified)
• Need to understand historical timeline to understand the Constitution
• This was a brand new form of govt. – “a great experiment for the world”• Alexis de Tocqueville
A of C: 1781 - 1787• One branch (legislative)
• States had ability to ignore national directives• National directives = directions from the national government
• Could not levy taxes• Levy means assign or charge
• Could not raise or maintain an army
• Could not coin money
• Nat. govt. could not pay war debt
• Nat. govt. could not protect the new nation from foreign powers
• Nat. govt. could not enforce laws
I KNOW WHAT YOU ARE THINKING …
MS. BLANK THERE IS SO MUCH ON THAT SLIDE!!
WHAT AM I SUPPOSED TO PUT ON MY NOTECARD??!!??
Note Cards:• Remember, you do not want to write EVERYTHING down because you
will not be able to remember all of it
• Try combine the basic idea of what you are studying into a few concepts
• Example: Articles of Confederation• Date or Date Range
• 1781 - 1787• Basic Description
• Confederal government• No strong national government • States could ignore directions from national government
• Historical Significance• 1st form of government in the U.S.• Could not effectively govern the nation• Created the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Introduction to the Constitution:• Complex structure
• Advocated limited govt.
• Based on a Federalist system (Federalism)• Division of power between a national govt. and several state govts.• We were the 1st nation to ever try this
• Founders did not trust common people to make intelligent decisions• Feared tyranny of the majority• Masses were uneducated and unprepared for the responsibilities of
governing
Constitution
3 branches
Separation of Powers
Checks &
Balances
Federalism
Each wing of chart supports &
influences the others – they are
all connected!
Start here!
Breakdown of Constitution Chart:
Constitution
3 branches
Legislative
Executive
Judiciary
Separation of Powers
Checks & Balances
Federalism
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Each wing of chart supports &
influences the others – they are
all connected!
Start here!
Breakdown of Constitution Chart:
Constitution
3 branches
Separation of Powers
Each branch has separate
& distinct powers
Prevents concentration
of powerChecks & Balances
Each branch checks the
powers of the others
Each branch can overrule the others in
some way
Federalism
Breakdown of Constitution Chart:
Each wing of chart supports &
influences the others – they are
all connected!
Start here!
Legislative Branch
Makes laws
Bi-cameral Congress
Power of the purse: Taxing & Spending
Executive Branch
Enforces laws
President
Power of the sword: Military
Judicial Branch
Judges constitutionality of
laws
Supreme Court
Power of Judicial Review:
Can declare laws unconstitutional
3 Branches & Separation of Powers:
As we will learn later, some of these power intersect or are concurrent
Federalists vs. Anti-federalists:
Federalists
• Hamilton, Washington, Adams
• Strong central govt.
• A of C = bad times
• Feared the common man making national decisions
• No Bill of Rights needed
Anti-federalists
• Jefferson, Madison, Henry
• Limited power to central govt.
• A of C = good times if tweaked
• Had faith in the common man to make good decisions
• Bill of Rights needed
The Federalist Papers:• Basic Description• A series of 85 essays describing the new government and
explaining why it was the way to go
• Authors• John Jay• Alexander Hamilton• James Madison (Father of the Constitution)
• Date • 1787 - 1788
• Historical Significance:• Successfully convinced people to ratify the Constitution• Serves as a guide to the intent of the Founders when courts
interpret the Constitution
Federalist # 10:• What problem was Madison trying to solve?
• Why did he think that the problem was so important? Why was he trying to solve it?
• What solutions did he propose to solve it?
• Do you think those solutions work?
• Why or why not?
• Do you think this document still has meaning today?
• In other words, can we practically apply Madison’s suggestions in today’s society and does the problem he identifies still exist?
Bill of Rights:• 1st 10 amendments to the Constitution
• Anti-federalists would NOT ratify without it
• We should all thank the Anti-Federalists for this!
• Amendments 1-9 dealt with basic rights
• Amendment 10 dealt with states’ rights
• Welcome to sectionalism!!
Sectionalism:• Key problem from the start of our country
• States’ Rights vs. Federal Authority
• Still a topic of intense debate to this day!
• Major cause of the Civil War
END OF PART 2
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