Unit 3 Review Atoms and Atomic Structure. 1. The letter “X” in the diagram above marks the:...

Unit 3 Review

Atoms and Atomic Structure

1. The letter “X” in the diagram above marks the:

A. Location of the neutronsB. Region of greatest densityC. Electron cloudD. Location of the protons

2. The region labeled "Y" in the diagram has a charge that is:

A. Positive B. NegativeC. NeutralD. None of the above

3. Isotopes (such as hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2, and hydrogen-3) are atoms of the same element that differ

in:

A. The number of protons in the nucleusB. The number of electronsC. The atomic numberD. The number of neutrons in the nucleus

4. The atomic number of an element is equal to:

A. the number of protons in the nucleusB. the number of protons plus the number of

electronsC. the number of protons plus the number of

neutronsD. the number of neutrons in the atom

5. The charge and mass number of an electron are:

A. charge = 0, Mass number = 1B. charge = +1, Mass number = 0C. charge = +1, Mass number = 1D. charge = -1, Mass number = 0

6. A fictitious element X is composed of 10.0 percent of the isotope X-55 , 20.0 percent of the isotope X-56 , and 70.0 percent of the isotope X-57 . Estimate the atomic mass of

element X.

A. 57 amuB. 57C. 56.6 amuD. 56.6

7. Which of the following descriptions apply to the nucleus?

A. DenseB. SmallC. Mostly empty spaceD. Positively chargedE. All of the aboveF. A, B, and CG. A, B, and D

8. The letter "Y" in the diagram above marks the:

A. Location of the neutronsB. Region of greatest densityC. Location of the protonsD. NucleusE. All of the above

9. The laws of electrostatics consistently demonstrate that "like" (identical) charges:

A. destroy one anotherB. attractC. repel

10. Which of the following is true about subatomic particles?

A. Electrons are negatively charged and are the heaviest subatomic particle.

B. Protons are positively charged and the lightest subatomic particle.

C. Neutrons have no charge and are the lightest subatomic particle.

D. The mass of the neutron nearly equals the mass of a proton.

11. The mass number of an atom is determined by:

A. the number of protons onlyB. adding the neutrons and electronsC. adding the neutrons and protonsD. adding the protons and electrons

12. The nucleus of most atoms is made up of:

A. electrons and protonsB. protons and electronsC. neutrons and electronsD. protons and neutrons

13. In which of the following sets is the symbol of the element, number of protons, and the

number of electrons given correctly?

A. In, 49 protons, 49 electronsB. Zn, 30 protons, 60 electronsC. Cs, 55 protons, 132.9 electronsD. F, 19 protons, 19 electrons

14. The _______________ constitute(s) most of the volume of an atom.

A. neutronsB. electron cloudC. protonsD. nucleus

Isotope Mass number

Atomic number Protons Neutron

sElectro

ns

_______________-27         13

15. Complete the table above:

A. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: aluminum, 27, 13, 13, 14B. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: silicon, 27, 14, 13, 13C. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: aluminum, 27, 13, 14, 13D. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: cobalt, 40, 27, 13, 27

16. Which of the following is correct concerning subatomic particles?

A. The electron was discovered by Goldstein in 1886.

B. The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932.

C. The proton was discovered by Thomson in 1880.

D. Cathode rays were found to be made of protons.

17. All atoms of the same element share the following in common:

A. the same number of electronsB. the same atomic numberC. the same mass numberD. the same number of neutronsE. the same number of protonsF. A, B, E are all correctG. A, B, D are correctH. None of the above are correct

18. Which of the following is necessary to calculate the average atomic mass of an element?

A. The atomic mass of carbon-12.B. The atomic number of the element.C. The relative masses of the element’s protons

and electrons.D. The masses & relative abundances of each

isotope of the element.

19. An atom of uranium-238 differs from an atom of uranium-235 in the following way:

A. Uranium-238 has a larger electron cloud than uranium-235

B. Uranium-238 has three more neutrons than uranium-235

C. Uranium-238 has three more protons than uranium-235

D. Uranium-238 has three more electrons than uranium-235

20. The atomic number of an atom is determined by:

A. adding the neutrons and protonsB. the number of protons onlyC. adding the neutrons and electronsD. adding the protons and electrons

21. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Atoms of the same element can have different masses.

B. Atoms of isotopes of an element have different numbers of protons.

C. The nucleus of an atom has a positive charge.D. Atoms are mostly empty space.

22. Complete the table above:

A. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: 209, 209, 82, 82, 82B. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: 209, 127, 82, 82, 82C. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: 127, 209, 127, 82, 82D. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: 82, 127, 209, 127, 127

Isotope Mass number

Atomic number Protons Neutron

sElectro

ns

Lead - _______        127

23. Which of the following accurately summarizes the isotope Argon-40?

A. 18 protons, 18 electrons, 22 neutronsB. 39.95 protons, 39.95 electrons, 21.05

neutronsC. 22 protons, 22 electrons, 18 neutronsD. 40 protons, 40 electrons, 18 neutrons

24. Complete the table above:

A. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: 45, 21, 21, 24, 21 B. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: 24, 21, 45, 21, 21 C. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: 21, 45, 24, 21, 21 D. The blanks, respectively, would be filled: 21, 45, 21, 21, 24

Isotope Mass number

Atomic number Protons Neutron

sElectro

ns

Scandium-45      

25. Which of the following was NOT among Democritus’ ideas?

A. Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms.B. Atoms are indivisible.C. Atoms retain their identity in a chemical

reaction.D. Atoms are indestructible.

26. Which of the following is NOT a part of Dalton’s atomic theory?

A. All elements are composed of atoms.B. Atoms are always in motion.C. Atoms of the same element are identical.D. Atoms that combine do son in simple whole-

number ratios.

27. As a consequence of the discovery of the nucleus by Rutherford, which model of

the atom is thought to be true?

A. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are evenly distributed throughout the volume of the atom.

B. The nucleus is made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

C. Electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy almost all the volume of the atom.

D. The nucleus is made up of electrons and protons.

28. How is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom calculated?

A. Add the number of electrons and protons together.

B. Subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons.

C. Subtract the number of protons from the mass number.

D. Add the mass number to the number of electrons.

29. Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37. The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45. Which of these two isotopes of chlorine is more abundant?

A. Cl-35B. Cl-37

30. A fictitious element X is composed of 40.0 percent of the isotope X-51, 10.0 percent of the isotope X-52, and 50.0 percent of the isotope. Estimate the atomic mass of element X-

53.

A. 52.1B. 52.1 amuC. 52D. 52 amu

Answers

1. C 9. C 17. F 25. C2. A 10. D 18. D 26. B3. D 11. C 19. B 27. C4. A 12. D 20. B 28. C5. D 13. A 21. B 29. A6. C 14. B 22. A 30. B7. G 15. A 23. A8. E 16. B 24. A