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Lesson 66: The Reason for
Secession Dec 1860-June 1861: 11 states secede
from Union.
TN was last
Their goal: wanted to run their states w/out US gov interference (main issue: slavery)
Lincoln said he would allow slavery, but
Southerners didn’t trust Republicans
April 1861 – Confederates attacked US’s
Fort Sumter
Showed that South was willing to fight
South’s goal: for Union to leave them alone
North’s goal: to keep the country united
Lesson 66: The Reason for Secession
Differences between North and South
Population: North had twice as many people
Economy: North – industry (97% of all guns!) South – scattered
industry
Transportation: North – solid infrastructure, South – poor
transportation lines
Military: North – US army/navy, South – no army previously
formed
Leaders: South had higher concentration of experienced
military leaders
Allies: South hoped foreign powers would ally with them (b/c of cotton)
Lesson 66: The Reason for Secession
Military Strategies/Goals
North (Union)
1. Navel blockade (Cut off
South from trade)
2. Defend Washington D.C.
and attack the Confed
capital (Richmond, VA)
3. Divide the South by
controlling major
waterways: Mississippi,
Tennessee, and
Cumberland rivers (all in
TN)
South (Confederacy)
Defend their land
Fight well enough to
keep Union from winning
Hoped that England or
France would join war
on their side
Hoped that Northern
public opinion would
change
Lesson 66: The Reason for Secession
Preparing for War in TN
When TN seceded, many in
East TN wanted to leave the
state
Eventually the TN governor sent the militia (state’s army)
to East TN to keep control
Many East TN’s moved to
the North and about 31,000
joined the Union army (more
than from any other
Confederate state combined)
Lesson 66: The Reason for Secession
Preparing for War in TN
When TN seceded, many in
East TN wanted to leave the
state
Eventually the TN governor sent the militia (state’s army)
to East TN to keep control
Many East TN’s moved to
the North and about 31,000
joined the Union army (more
than from any other
Confederate state combined)
Neither side had single army
Lesson 67: TN Attacked by the Union
Fort Henry
Fort
Donelson
Fall of
Nashville
Battle of
Shiloh
Fall of West
TN
Battle of
Stones River
Lesson 67: TN Attacked by the Union
Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation
Issued during Battle of Stone’s River (Jan 1, 1863)
Lincoln: “Slaves in Confederate States are free!”
(Did not apply to TN, in Union hands, slaves already freed)
Why did Lincoln change his position?
1. To weaken the South (labor force)
2. Gave the North a clear moral cause
3. Prevented England/France from helping South
“The war to preserve the Union also became a war to guarantee
freedom for the slaves.” (p. 184)
Lesson 68: The War’s Last Years
Union Forces Take Control of Knoxville
Knoxville was impt
regional railroad hub
Public opinion divided
Knoxville occupied by
Confeds early in war
Aug 1863 – Union
General Ambrose
Burnside took control of
city (residents cheered
take over)
Lesson 68: The War’s Last Years
Chattanooga Falls to Union Army
Also major RR hub (Atlanta access)
Fall 1863 –Union forces take Chattanooga
By years’ end, all of TN was under Union control (and most fighting occurred outside of TN until late 1864)
Lesson 68: The War’s Last Years
Battles of Franklin and Nashville
Nov 1864 - Battle of Franklin
(Atlanta had fallen, war nearly over)
Confed Gen Hood retreated to Chattanooga (hoping to reconnect with Gen Lee via Kentucky)
Moved from Chattanooga to try to capture Union-held Nashville, was defeated at Franklin
Dec 1864 – Union forces attacked Hood’s army and defeated it. Ended fighting in TN (and the West)
Lesson 68: The War’s Last Years
Defeat for the Confederacy and
Victory for Union
April 1865 - Gen Lee surrendered to Gen Grant in VA
Union forces moved back into Fort Sumter and raised the flag on April 14, 1865 (exactly 4 yrs after the fort surrendered)
That same night, President Lincoln was shot while attending a play and died the next morning
Lesson 69: TN’s Involvement in the War
Admiral David Farragut
Born near Knoxville
Long-serving officer in US Navy
Led the naval takeover of New
Orleans (April 1862)
Summer 1864 – Conquered Mobile
Bay, became hero
1866 – Made Admiral (first person to
hold that rank)
City of Farragut in East TN is named
for him
Lesson 70: Profiles
Sam Davis
1. With your table, read his
story (page 189)
2. Discuss – Do you think
he was a hero? Do you
think he was serving
God?
3. Share in general
discussion
Lesson 70: Profiles
Nathan B. Forrest
1. With your table, read his
story (page 189-190)
2. Discuss – Should we
continue to honor him
(state park, statues, etc)?
3. Share in general discussion
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