Unit 10 Social Issues

Unit 10 Social Issues

By FENG Pengpeng

Outline

• Text A conversation: An Encounter with the Homeless

• Text B Calling for More Care for Left-behind Children

• Exercises

Text A conversation: An Encounter with the Homeless

Encounter: n. a meeting, especially one that happens by chance 遇见，偶然碰到e.g. This meeting will be the first encounter between the party leaders since the election. Homeless: adj. without a home 无家可归的E.g. Accommodation needs to be found for thousands of homeless families.

An Overview

• Peter is a junior student helping his professor doing some research on the homeless in the United States. He has interviewed 50 people and now is talking to John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area.

• Peter: Excuse me. Do you have a minute?• John: Who wants to know? • Peter: My name is Peter, and I’m a college

student doing a study of life on the streets. Would you mind if I ask you a few questions?

• John: Go ahead. I have all the time in the world. Would you like me to do your portrait?

• Peter: Okay. Why not?

• John: Thanks. What do you want to know? • Peter: I know it’s none of my business, but

how did you end up on the streets?• John: Well, I was working late one night. I

used to work as a cartoonist. Freelancing, I mean. I fell asleep for a moment or two. Next thing I knew was the place was in flames.

• Peter: Your apartment was on fire?• John: Yup. It was caused by the cigarette I

was smoking. • Peter: Were you injured?

• John: My right hand was burnt. I was told I’d never be able to draw again.

• Peter: How do you survive now? • John: I’m on welfare, but it’s not enough to

pay for a decent home. I’ll tell you, I’d rather live here under the clear blue sky than in one of those low-income housing projects.

• Peter: Are you looking for work now? • John: Come on. No one would hire me now.

• Peter: What do you do during the winter? It must get cold out here.

• John: The police try to take us into shelters, but I always hide from them. It’s really not so bad. You get used to the cold and the hunger. It’s surprising to see how well we human beings can adapt. Here, your portrait is ready.

• Peter: Wow! That’s pretty good. Thanks. It’s been nice talking to you, but I’m afraid I must be leaving now. How much do I owe you?

• John: Don’t worry about it. I’ve enjoyed talking to you. I don’t always get company, you know?

Detailed reading

• Peter is a junior student helping his professor doing some research on the homeless in the United States. He has interviewed 50 people and now is talking to John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area.

Peter is a junior student helping his professor doing some research on the homeless in the United States.

• a junior student 大学三年级学生 (freshman/ sophomore/ junior/ senior/ postgraduate)

• helping his professor doing some research on… – Help sb doing sth 帮助某人做某事 e.g. Would

you please help me filing these documents?– Do research on sth 研究某事 e.g.

She is part of the group of scientists doing research on people’s diets.

They are carrying out research on dolphin’s language.

He has interviewed 50 people and now is talking to John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area.

• Interview: v. to ask someone questions in an interview e.g. – We've had 200 applicants for the job,

but we only plan to interview about 20 of them.

– Who's the most famous person you've ever interviewed on TV?

• … John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area. 非限制性定语从句

翻译• Peter is a junior student helping his

professor doing some research on the homeless in the United States. He has interviewed 50 people and now is talking to John, who lives under a bridge in the downtown area.

• 彼得是大学三年级的学生，正在帮他的教授开展一项关于美国无家可归之人的研究。他已经访谈了 50 个人，现在正在和约翰谈话。约翰住在市中心的一座天桥下面。

• Peter: Excuse me. Do you have a minute?• John: Who wants to know? • Peter: My name is Peter, and I’m a college

student doing a study of life on the streets. Would you mind if I ask you a few questions?

• John: Go ahead. I have all the time in the world. Would you like me to do your portrait?

• Peter: Okay. Why not?

--Excuse me. Do you have a minute?--John: Who wants to know? --Peter: My name is Peter…• Excuse me 向不熟悉的人打听情况或提出

请求 • Do you have a minute? 你有时间吗 ? • Who wants to know? 询问说话人的身份

Conversation skill: starting a conversation

Excuse me 用法• 用来向不熟悉的人打听情况或提出请求 ( 其实质用

法是引人注意 ) 。如： Excuse me, does this bus go to the railway station? 请问这公共汽车去火车站吗 ?

• 用来客气地打断别人的话。 如： Excuse me, what you said was wrong. 对不起，你说错了。

• 作从别人面前经过时的礼貌用语。如： Excuse me, could I get past? 劳驾，让我过去好吗 ?

• 表示中途退席或暂时告退。 如： Excuse me, I’ll be back in a minute. 对不起，我一会儿就回来。

• Do a study of sth 做关于……的研究 e.g.– They start to do a study of the

relationship between watching TV and getting depression

• doing a study of … 在此是现在分词短语做定语 , 修饰 college student 。

I’m a college student doing a study of life on the streets.

Conversation skills

--Would you mind if I ask you a few questions?

--Go ahead. … Would you like me to do your portrait?

--Okay. Why not?• would you mind if… 与 would you

like me to … 两个句型都是向对方提出要求。此处回答均为肯定，分别用 go ahead 和 Okay, why not 。

• Would you mind if I ask you a few questions?

• 用 mind 询问是否介意，可以用以下结构：– would you mind doing sth– would you mind sth– would you mind if 从句

本句也可以说 Would you mind my asking you a few questions?

• Go ahead. 在此表示同意• Go ahead 的用法

– 表示同意或允许，如：A ： May I start? 我可以开始了吗 ?B ： Yes, go ahead. 好，开始吧。 ORA ： Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你介意吗 ?B ： No, go ahead. 不介意，你抽吧。– 表示继续做某事，如：

Go ahead, we’re all listening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听着呢 !Go ahead, what are you waiting for? 往前走呀，你在等什么 ?

– 表示请对方先走或先做某事，可译为：你先走上步；你先请。如：You go ahead. I’ll join you shortly. 你们先开始，我一会儿就来 ( 和你们一块儿干 ) 。

– 表示有进展或有进步。如：Work is going ahead. 工作有进展

• Would you like me to do your portrait?– portrait: n. a painting, photograph,

drawing, etc. of a person or, less commonly, of a group of people 肖像 , 画像 e.g.

The portrait flatters her.  这幅画像比她本人美。 The portrait looks real.  这肖像看起来栩栩如生。 – do one’s portrait: 为某人画像

翻译

• Peter: Excuse me. Do you have a minute?• John: Who wants to know? • Peter: My name is Peter, and I’m a college

student doing a study of life on the streets. Would you mind if I ask you a few questions?

• John: Go ahead. I have all the time in the world. Would you like me to do your portrait?

• Peter: Okay. Why not? • 彼得：打扰一下，请问您有时间吗？• 约翰：你是谁？• 彼得：我是彼得，正在做一项关于街头生活的研究。您

介意我问您几个问题吗？• 约翰：问吧。我反正时间多得是。你愿意我给你画幅肖

像吗？• 彼得：好啊，可以啊。

• John: Thanks. What do you want to know? • Peter: I know it’s none of my business, but

how did you end up on the streets?• John: Well, I was working late one night. I

used to work as a cartoonist. Freelancing, I mean. I fell asleep for a moment or two. Next thing I knew was the place was in flames.

• Peter: Your apartment was on fire?• John: Yup. It was caused by the cigarette I

was smoking. • Peter: Were you injured?

• I know it’s none of my business, but how did you end up on the streets?– It’s none of my business. 不关我事。

It’s none of your/his/their business. 不关你的 / 他的 / 他们的事。

– end up: to finally be in a particular place or situation e.g She'll end up penniless if she carries on spending like that.

• I was working late one night. I used to work as a cartoonist. Freelancing, I mean.– was working late... 过去进行时– used to: a particular thing always happened

or was true in the past 过去经常做…… e.g.She used to live in Guangzhou.

You don't come and see me like you used to.

• cartoonist n. a person who specializes in drawing cartoons.漫画家

• Freelance n. somebody who is self-employed and isn't committed to an employer for too long 自由职业者 （ freelancer, or freelance worker ）

• I fell asleep for a moment or two. Next thing I knew was the place was in flames. – for a moment or two 一会儿– next thing I knew 定语从句– the place was in flames 表语从句– in flames 燃烧，处于火焰中 （ flame: n. 火焰）

The building was soon enveloped in flames. 那幢建筑物很快就陷入了火海之中。

• Your apartment was on fire?– on fire 着火 e.g.

His house was on fire when he came back.

• Yup. It was caused by the cigarette I was smoking. – yup: yes 是的，对。– It was caused by the cigarette I was smoking.

定语从句 – caused by 由 ...... 引起

• John: Thanks. What do you want to know? • Peter: I know it’s none of my business, but

how did you end up on the streets?• John: Well, I was working late one night. I used

to work as a cartoonist. Freelancing, I mean.• 约翰：谢谢。你想问什么？• 彼得：我知道这跟我没关系，可您是怎么流落街头的呢？

• 约翰：哦，一天晚上我工作得很晚。我过去是个漫画家，我是说自由职业者。

I fell asleep for a moment or two. Next thing I knew was the place was in flames.

• Peter: Your apartment was on fire?• John: Yup. It was caused by the cigarette I was

smoking. • Peter: Were you injured?

我睡着了一小会儿，接下来我就知道房子着火了。• 彼得：您的公寓着火了？• 约翰：对。是我抽烟引起的。• 彼得：您受伤了吗？

• John: My right hand was burnt. I was told I’d never be able to draw again.

• Peter: How do you survive now? • John: I’m on welfare, but it’s not enough to

pay for a decent home. I’ll tell you, I’d rather live here under the clear blue sky than in one of those low-income housing projects.

• Peter: Are you looking for work now? • John: Come on. No one would hire me now.

• How do you survive now?– Survive: v. to continue to live or exist, especially after

coming close to dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening situation 生存；活着 e.g.

– The family are struggling to survive on very little money.

– The front passengers were lucky to survive the accident.

I’m on welfare, but it’s not enough to pay for a decent home.

• on welfare: receiving financial help from the state because you are poor or have not been employed for a long time 领取政府救助– welfare n. help given, especially by the state or an

organization, to people who need it, especially because they do not have enough money 福利 e.g.

– This national fund pays for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay.

• decent adj. 体面的，相当好的 e.g. – He dreamed of living in decent conditions. 他梦想

着过体面的生活。

• I’ll tell you, I’d rather live here under the clear blue sky than in one of those low-income housing projects. – Would rather… than…宁愿 e.g. He'd rather die than (= He certainly does not

want to) let me think he needed help.– low-income housing projects 廉租房

low-income adj. paid low wages 低收入的 e.g. They are among the low-income workers

in the country.

conversation skills

• Are you looking for work now? • Come on. No one would hire me now.

• come on 的用法：在此处表示不同意别人的观点，翻译为 “得了吧” “算了吧”。

• hire: v. 雇佣 e.g. – We hired an advertising company for help to

sell our product. 我们雇用了一家广告公司来推销我们的产品。

• John: My right hand was burnt. I was told I’d never be able to draw again.

• Peter: How do you survive now? • John: I’m on welfare, but it’s not enough to pay for a

decent home. I’ll tell you, I’d rather live here under the clear blue sky than in one of those low-income housing projects.

• Peter: Are you looking for work now? • John: Come on. No one would hire me now. • 约翰：我烧伤了右手，医生说我再也不可能画画了。• 彼得：那您现在怎么生活？• 约翰：我靠福利，不过那点钱不够负担一个像样的家。老实说，

我宁愿在这里生活在清澈的蓝天下，也不愿意住在那些低收入住房里。

• 彼得：您如今在找工作吗？• 约翰：得了吧，没有人愿意雇用我。

• Peter: What do you do during the winter? It must get cold out here.

• John: The police try to take us into shelters, but I always hide from them. It’s really not so bad. You get used to the cold and the hunger. It’s surprising to see how well we human beings can adapt. Here, your portrait is ready.

• It must get cold out here. – must 表示猜测 – 例题 Tom has several houses in london, so he _______ be very rich. D. may B. must

C. can D. might

B

The police try to take us into shelters, but I always hide from them. • shelter n. (a building designed to give)

protection from bad weather, danger or attack 庇护所 e.g. – The trees gave/provided some shelter fro

m the rain. – They opened a shelter to provide temporary

housing for the city's homeless. • hide from sb. 隐瞒某人，隐藏

– The valley was hidden from view in the mist. 溪谷隐没在雾霭之中，看不见了。

You get used to the cold and the hunger.

• get used to sth./ doing sth. 对某事物已习惯，已适应– 其他类似表达： become/ be used to – e.g. The food in England is strange at

first but you will soon get used to it. 英国食物乍一吃很不习惯，但不久就能适应了。

• the cold/ the hunger: the+形容词充当名词，又见 the homeless

• It’s surprising to see how well we human beings can adapt. – It's surprising to see... 中， it 是形式主语，

句子的真正主语是 to see 这一不定式结构。– how well we human beings can adapt 是宾

语从句，语序是陈述句语序。– adapt: v. to change something to suit differen

t conditions or uses 适应 e.g. – We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timeta

ble. – Mary is good at adapting to new environment.

• Peter: What do you do during the winter? It must get cold out here.

• John: The police try to take us into shelters, but I always hide from them. It’s really not so bad. You get used to the cold and the hunger. It’s surprising to see how well we human beings can adapt. Here, your portrait is ready.

• 彼得：您如何过冬？这里肯定很冷。• 约翰：警察试图带我们去收容所，不过我总是躲起来不让他

们找到。这里也不差，人逐渐就适应了寒冷和饥饿。很惊讶吧，看到我们人类有这么强的适应力。给你，你的肖像画好了。

• Peter: Wow! That’s pretty good. Thanks. It’s been nice talking to you, but I’m afraid I must be leaving now. How much do I owe you?

• John: Don’t worry about it. I’ve enjoyed talking to you. I don’t always get company, you know?

• It’s been nice talking to you, but I’m afraid I must be leaving now.– 通常出现在对话的末尾，礼貌地表示即将结束

对话。– I'm afraid 我恐怕，口语中使语气听

起来更加委婉。– I must be leaving now: must 后

跟进行时表示即将发生的动作。

• How much do I owe you?– Owe: v. HAVE DEBTS 欠

（债） e.g. – I owe you a drink for hel

ping me move. – I think you owe (= shoul

d give) me an explanation/apology .

• I’ve enjoyed talking to you. I don’t always get company, you know? – enjoy doing sth. e.g.– 动名词常跟在某些动词如 enjoy, finish, mind,

can't help(禁不住 ), suggest( 建议 ), advise, consider(考虑 ), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词 insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。 e.g. Do you mind my smoking here?

• get company 有伴• company: n. when you are with a person

or people, or the person or people you are with 陪伴；伙伴 e.g.

• I just enjoy his company. • I travelled in the company of two friend

s.

• Peter: Wow! That’s pretty good. Thanks. It’s been nice talking to you, but I’m afraid I must be leaving now. How much do I owe you?

• John: Don’t worry about it. I’ve enjoyed talking to you. I don’t always get company, you know?

• 彼得：哇，很不错啊。谢谢。跟你谈话很开心，不过恐怕我得离开了。我需要付您多少钱？

• 约翰：别担心这个。我也很高兴跟你聊天，我没什么伴，知道吗？

Idiomatic Study: taking leaves

The following phrases are useful when you want to say good-bye to someone or you want to indicate that you want to leave.

• Well, it’s been nice talking to you.

• Well, it’s been nice seeing you again.

• I’ve enjoyed talking to you.

• I’d love to continue the conversation, but I’d rather get going.

• Sorry I have to run off like this. • I think I should be/ get going now. • I’ve (really) got to go now. • I need to go now. • I have to run.

• Let’s get together again.

• I hope we’ll see each other again soon.

• Give me a ring sometime soon.

• Let’s stay in touch. • I’ll talk to you later. • Take care. • Good-bye. • See you soon.

The following phrases are common when you need to say good-bye.

Text B Calling for More Care for Left-behind

Children

Getting Started

• What is “left-behind children”?Children whose parents both become migrant workers in the cities and who are left behind back at home in the countryside with the care of other relatives. In Chinese they are called

Main idea

• Para 1: introducing the phenomenon of left-behind children.

• Para 2: describing the status of left-behind children

• Para 3-4: analyzing the problems raised by parents’ absences

• Para 5: taking methods to help left-behind children

Detailed-reading: Para. 1

• There are about 58 million left-behind children in rural China and over 40 million of them are under 14 years old, according to a report concerning the status of the left-behind children released by the All-China Women’s Federation early this February.

• There are about 58 million left-behind children in rural China– Rural: adj. in, of or like the countryside 乡下的

– The area is still very rural and undeveloped.

– The rural scenery was so beautiful that he decided to stay one more week.  乡村风光太美了，以致于他决定再多呆一星期。

• according to a report concerning the status of the left-behind children released by the All-China Women’s Federation early this February. – according to: as stated by 根据 e.g.According to our records you owe us

$130.

– a report concerning… released by…中， concerning 与 released都修饰 report

– concerning: prep. about 关于 E.g. I've had a letter from the tax authorities concerning my tax payments.

– Release: v. to allow something to be shown in public 发表，发行 e.g.

The new film will be released next month.  这部新的电影下个月发行。The latest developments have just been released to the media.  最新的进展情况已向大众传播媒介发表。

• All-China Women’s Federation• an organization of women established in

China in March 1949 • The basic functions of the federation are to

represent and safeguard the rights and interests of women and promote equality between men and women.

• 全国妇女联合会

翻译

•据全国妇联今年 2 月初发布的一个关于留守儿童状态的报道，在中国农村有 5800万留守子女，其中 4000 多万人的年龄低于 14岁。

Para. 2

• The report found more than half of the children left behind don’t live with either parent. The telephone is often the only way they can contact their mother or father. The report indicates that 8.7 percent left-behind children have no contact with their parents at all. The survey also found 49.7 percent of left-behind children prefer to live with their parents, and 44.1 percent of left-behind children do not want to live with their parents. 24.2 percent of left-behind children do not speak much with their caregiver.

• The report found more than half of the children left behind don’t live with either parent.– found后面是宾语从句– 从句主语 children被过去分词 left behind 修饰，表示被动关系

– Either ： used when referring to a choice between two possibilities 两者中的任何一个 e.g. Either candidate would be ideal for the job.

"Would you like the metal or plastic one?" "Either will do."

关于 either 和 neither 的一些用法• 用作形容词。起定语作用，常放在单数名词前，表

示“这个或者那个”。– You may use either book ．两本书你可以随便用一

本。 – Neither answer is right ． 两个答案都不对。

• 用作代词。范围多限定于两者之间，常用作主语。作主语时后面跟单数动词。 either 表示 “ 二者之一 ” ； neither 表示 “ 两者都不 ” ，其反义词是 both 。如： – Either of the knives is useful ． 两把刀都有用。 – Neither of them was in good health, but both

worked very hard ． 他们两人身体都不好，但都努力地工作。

• 用作副词。 either 只用于否定句中，表示 “ 也（不） ” ； neither 通常用在句子的开头，表示 “ 也不 ” ，其后要用倒装语序。如： I don’t speak French. She doesn’t, either ． ( ＝ Neither I nor she speaks French ． )  我不会讲法语，她也不会讲法语。

• 用作连词。构成短语 either…or… 与 neither…nor… ，分别表示“要么 …… 要么 ……”和“既不 …… 也不 ……”。常用来连接两个并列成分。　　– Neither the teacher nor the students are going to

Huashan. 老师和同学们都不打算去华山。 – You can either ride a bike or take a bus to go there ．你

可以骑车或坐公共汽车去那里。

例题

• —Can I park my car here ？• —Yes ， you can park on ______ side

of the street.A. eitherB. neitherC. bothD. all

A

• We asked John and Henry some easy questions ， but ______ of them could answer them.

•　　 A. none•　　 B. both•　　 C. all•　　 D. neither

D

• ___________ Lily ______________ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.

•　　 A. Not only ； but also•　　 B. Neither ； nor•　　 C. Both ； and•　　 D. Either ； or

D

• The report indicates that 8.7 percent left-behind children have no contact with their parents at all.– indicate v. 显示，表明 He indicated his

willingness with a nod of his head.  他点头表示愿意

– Contact: n/ v. 联系；联络 e.g. I tried to contact him at his office, but he wasn't in.

• The survey also found 49.7 percent of left-behind children prefer to live with their parents…– survey: n. 调查，研究 This survey is the work

of a real professional.  这份调查是真正内行人做的 .

– prefer: to like, choose or want one thing rather than another 更喜欢 e.g. Do you prefer hot or cold weather?

I prefer red wine to white.

• 24.2 percent of left-behind children do not speak much with their caregiver.

• Caregiver: n. a person who is responsible for attending to the needs of a child 照顾者

• E.g. From caregiver to cared- for, from cared- for to caregiver, our relationship had come full circle.  一方从关爱者变为受照顾者，另一方则从受照顾者变为关爱者，两人的关系倒了个个儿。

翻译

•报道发现，半数以上的留守儿童不与父母中的任何一方共同生活。电话往往是他们与母亲或父亲保持联系的唯一途径。该报道表明，8.7% 的留守儿童与父母亲完全不联系。调查还发现， 49.7% 的留守儿童愿意和父母亲一起生活，而 44.1% 的留守儿童不愿意和父母亲一起生活， 24.2% 的留守儿童与他们的看护者之间没有太多交谈

Para. 3

• Since most of these children are at a critical stage of development, experts fear that they may develop psychological problems stemming from their parents’ absences.

• Since most of these children are at a critical stage of development– since 表示原因– at a criticla stage of development 处于发育的关键阶段

– critical: adj. of the greatest importance to the way things might happen 关键的 e.g. a critical report The report is highly critical of safety standards at the factory.

because/since/ for/ as 表示原因• —Did you return Fred’s call?

—I didn’t need to__________I’ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because

• Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,__________this was a memory she especially treasured. A. asB. if C. when D. where

D

A

• He found it increasingly difficult to read,__________his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so

• ______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight. A. For B. Since C. Before D. While

B

B

• …experts fear that they may develop psychological problems stemming from their parents’ absences. – expert: n. 专家– stem from 源于……– absence n. 缺席，不在场

• Psychological: adj. relating to the human mind and feelings 心理的

• E.g. psychological problems • psychological research • We are concerned with the

physical and psychological well-being of our employees.

• Stem from sth: to start or develop as the result of something 源于

• E.g. Her problems stem from her difficult childhood.

• Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.

• absence: n. failure to be present 不在，缺席 (absent adj. 反义词 presence)– Please look after my house during my

absence.  我不在时，请帮我看房子。– We must invent an excuse for our

absence.  我们必须为缺席编造一个藉口。– We are in the absence of experience. 

我们缺乏经验。

翻译

• 由于大多数的这些孩子处于发育的关键阶段，专家担心，因其父母亲不在身边，他们可能会滋生出一些心理问题。

Para. 4

• Sun Yunxiao, a youth expert with the China Youth Research Centre said: “The younger the child is, the more family care the child requires. Intimate family care is indispensable to every child's growth. The biggest risk for left-behind children is that they lack family intimacy. They need good care and instructions in their everyday lives, including emotional support, study help and recreational time.”

• The younger the child is, the more family care the child requires.– The more…, the more…: 越……越…… e.g. The

more you plan, the cheaper your trip will be. – _________, the more severe the winters are.

A. The more north you go B. The farther you go the northC. The more you go north D. The farther north you go

D

• Intimate family care is indispensable to every child's growth.

• Intimate a. 亲密的 ,私人的 ,秘密的She is my intimate friend.  她是我的密友。 He should listen to his intimate feelings.  人应当倾听自己的内心感觉。

• Indispensable: adj. so good or important that you could not manage without them 必要的

• E.g. This book is an indispensable resource for researchers.

• Water is indispensable to plants. • Dictionaries are indispensable in

English study.

• The biggest risk for left-behind children is that they lack family intimacy.– Risk: n. the possibility of something bad

happening 危险； 冒险性 E.g. – In this business, the risks and the

rewards are high.– It's a low/high- risk strategy.– The risk (that) we might fail made us

work twice as hard.

• Intimacy: n. when you have a close friendship or sexual relationship with someone 亲密 ,亲密关系

• E.g. Intimacy between teachers and students is not recommended.

• They need good care and instructions in their everyday lives, including emotional support, study help and recreational time.”– Instruction: n. something that someone

tells you to do 指导 e.g. – The police who broke into the house

were only acting on/under instructions. – He gave me strict instructions to get

there by eight o'clock.

• everyday lives: 日常生活• everyday 是形容词，只作定语，表示日常的

the everyday English shoulded be learnt by heart. 日常用语应该记住

• every day 是副词词组 作状语，表示 每天 天天we speak English every day. 我们天天讲英语

• emotional: a. 感情的 , 情绪的– The boy got very emotional when I had to

leave, and started to cry.  当我不得不离开时，这个孩子情绪异常激动，忍不住哭了起来。

– Women are often said to be more emotional than men.  人们常说女人比男人更富于感情。

• Recreational: adj.娱乐性的；供消遣的 　 e.g.– They avoided all recreational activity. – Many modern recreational facilities have been

built in Tibet.

翻译

• 中国青少年发展中心工作的青年专家孙云晓说：“儿童的年龄越小，需要的家庭关怀越多。密切的家庭关怀对每个孩子的成长都不可或缺。留守儿童面对的最大风险就是他们缺少家庭的亲情。他们在日常生活中需要精心的照顾和指导，包括情感支持、学习帮助和娱乐时间等方面。”

Para. 5

• Many provinces in China have now set up special schools to care for these children. Some provinces have also established charity funds for their future development. But experts add that with the numbers of left-behind children rising rapidly, more efforts will be needed by schools, society and rural families to care for children in China's rural areas.

• Many provinces in China have now set up special schools to care for these children.– province: n. 省– set up: to formally establish a new company,

organization, system, way of working, etc 成立 E.g. She plans to set up her own business. They've set up a fund for victims of the earthquake.

– care for 关心，喜欢

care for 用法

• He likes pop; he doesn‘t care for classic music.  他喜欢流行歌曲，不喜欢古典音乐。

• Would you care for a drink?  你要不要来点儿喝的？

• He's entrusted his children to my care for a day.  他托我照看一天孩子。

• Some provinces have also established charity funds for their future development.– Establish: v. to start a company or

organization that will continue for a long time 建立 e.g. The charity fund was established in 1822.

– charity fund 慈善基金

• But experts add that with the numbers of left-behind children rising rapidly, more efforts will be needed by schools, society and rural families to care for children in China's rural areas.– 长句子： But experts add为主句， that 引导宾语从句，宾语从句中： with结构作状语，more efforts wil be needed by…to care for children 是主要结构。

• with the numbers of left-behind children rising rapidly ： with结构（ with + n. + v-ing ）

• with结构中包括with+n./pron.+补足语，补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词

•充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件

例题• The students were sitting in the classroom

with their eyes______on the teachers. A.fixing B.fixed C.were fixed D.being fixed

• With him ________ ， we felt quite relieved. A. take care ofB. taking care ofC. were taken care ofD. taken care of

B

B

• A little boy with two of his front teeth _______ ran into the house.A. miss B. missedC. being missed D. missing

• With the boy ______ the way ， we found the house easily. A. lead B. ledC. being led D. leading

D

D

翻译

• 在中国，许多省份目前已经建立起照顾这些儿童的专门学校。一些省份还建立了帮助他们未来发展的慈善基金。然而，专家进一步指出，随着留守儿童数量的迅速增加，学校、社会和农村家庭更需要竭尽所能去关怀中国农村地区的儿童。

• Unit 10• Text B Compehension Questions

1. In this passage, “left-behind children” are _______________.A. children whose parents go abroadB. children who do not live with one or two of

their parentsC. children who fail to perform well in schoolD. children who live in rural areas under 14 years

oldP2: The report found more than half of the children left behind don’t live with either parent.

2. Which of the following describes the status of the left-behind children?A. Left-behind children are born in cities. B. Left-behind children are all teenagers. C. Left-behind children stay in touch with

their parents mostly by phone. D. Left-behind children do not stay in touch

with their parents at all. The report indicates that 8.7 percent left-behind children have no contact with their parents at all.

3. The experts’ concern for the left-behind children is that ______________A. they may develop mental problemsB. they may commit crimeC. they may want to live with their parents

D. they may have no caregivers

P3: Since most of these children are at a critical stage of development, experts fear that they may develop psychological problems stemming from their parents’ absences.

4. According to Sun Yunxiao, the biggest challenge left-behind children are faced with is _________________.A. the lack of financial supportB. the lack of recreational timeC. the lack of study help

D. the lack of family love

P4: “The younger the child is, the more family care the child requires. Intimate family care is indispensable to every child's growth. The biggest risk for left-behind children is that they lack family intimacy.

5. Which of the following hasn’t been done to help the left-behind children?A. Setting up special schools.B. Offering charity funds.C. Paying attention to their future development.

D. Bringing them to the cities to live with their parents.

P5: Many provinces in China have now set up special schools to care for these children. Some provinces have also established charity funds for their future development. But experts add that with the numbers of left-behind children rising rapidly, more efforts will be needed by schools, society and rural families to care for children in China's rural areas.

I. Conversation

1. — Mary, I’m afraid I have to be leaving now.

— ___________________.A. That sounds wonderful.

B. Oh, so early? C. Not at all. D. Good luck!

2. —Goodbye Julia, and thanks for inviting me. I had a lovely time.

— Goodbye. _______________________. It was a pleasure meeting you.A. Go home with me.

B. Thank you for coming. C. Do you have to get going? D. I’m a little tired.

3. — Nice talking to you. But it’s late. I really should be going.— Okay. _____________________.

A. See you soon. B. Is it so late?C. So fast? D. Let’s make it Friday.

4. — I'd like to say goodbye to everyone. My plane leaves at 7:25.— Well, ______________________.A. sounds great

B. good for youC. goodbye and have a good trip

D. it’s emergent

5. — I wonder if I could use your computer this afternoon? — _______________________.A. Sure, go ahead. B. I don’t know. C. It doesn’t matter. D. Who cares?

II. Reading Comprehension

• America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways — education, medicine, and business. Quietly the graying of America. has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.

• A person’s age no longer tells you anything about his/her social position, marriage or health. There’s no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn’t as strong as it used to be.

• It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public notions are changing.

• Many people say, "I am much younger than my mother — or my father — was at my age." No one says "act your age" anymore. We've stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.

1. It can be learnt from the text that the aging of the population in America _________.

A. has made people feel youngerB. has changed people’s social positionC. has changed people’s understanding of ageD. has slowed down the country’s social

development

P1: Quietly the graying of America. has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.  

2. The underlined word “one” refers to_______ .

A. a society B. America C. a place D. population

Quietly the graying of America. has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.  

3. We can infer from the text that if a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer would most probably consider it _________.

A. normal B. wonderful C. unbelievable D. unreasonable

P2: There’s no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. 

4. “Act your age” means people should ____ .

A. be active when they are oldB. do the right thing at the right ageC. show respect for their parents

young or oldD. take more physical exercise suitable

to their age

5. This passage is mainly about ____________________.

A. why American society is different B. suitable behaviors at different age in

American’s eyesC. how older people act in youthful ways

in AmericaD. how American people’s ideas about

age have changed

III. Vocabulary and Structure

1. This meeting will be the first _________ between the party leaders since the election.A. occasion B. encounterC. experience D. time

2. We've had 200 applicants for the job, but we only plan to _________ about 20 of them.A. interfere B. interpretC. interview D. interrupt

3. They opened a _____________ to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless.A. shadow B. shieldC. shuttle D. shelter

4. “Knowledge is power” may be the truest saying and access to information may be the most ______________ requirement of all people today.A. critical B. critiqueC. critic D. criticize

5. The firemen entered the building _____ fire through the roof.

A. at B. in C. with D. on

6. Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses _________.A. in betweenB. far apartC. among themD. from each other

7. Had you come five minutes earlier, you _______ the bus to the airport. But now you missed it. A. would catch B. would have caughtC. could catch D. should catch虚拟式条件句，从句用 had done sth 表示与过去相反，主句用 would/should/could have done sth

If I had waken up earlier, I would not have been late for school.

8. Today’s weather is _________ worse than yesterday’s.A. very B. muchC. very much D. much too

可修饰比较级的词： a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等；还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

9. Neither John ________ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A. or B. but C. and D. nor

10. Charles regretted _______ the TV set last year. The price has now come down.

A. buying B. to buy

C. bought D. buy

与 stop/ remember相似， regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

Unit 10

IV. Cloze

• Most people feel lonely __1__, but it usually only lasts __2__ a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. __3__, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

• The first kind of loneliness is temporary( 暂时的 . This is the __4__ common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any __5__ attention.

• The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation---- __6__ example, a family problem, the death of a __7__ one, or moving to a new place.

• Although this kind of loneliness __8__ cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. __9__ the second type, chronic(长期的 ) loneliness usually last more than two yeas and has no specific cause.

• People who experience habitual loneliness have problems becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lone people think there is __10__ or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

• Most people feel lonely __1__, but it usually only lasts __2__ a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. __3__, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

1. A. some time B. sometime C. Sometimes D. some times

2. A. for B. between C. during D. until3. A. In fact B. To be frank C. However D. Surprisingly

The first kind of loneliness is temporary( 暂时的 . This is the __4__ common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any __5__ attention.

4. A. so B. much C. very D. most5. A. special B. especial C. unique D. only

• The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation---- __6__ example, a family problem, the death of a __7__ one, or moving to a new place.

6. A. in B. for C. as D. to7. A. loved B. loving C. lovely D.

love

• Although this kind of loneliness __8__ cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. __9__ the second type, chronic(长期的 ) loneliness usually last more than two yeas and has no specific cause.

8. A. must B. need C. can D. should9. A. like B. dislike C. likely D. unlike

• People who experience habitual loneliness have problems becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lone people think there is __10__ or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

10. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

V. Translation: Put the following sentences into Chinese.

• 1. There are about 58 million left-behind children in rural China and over 40 million of them are under 14 years old.

在中国农村有 5800万留守子女，其中 4000多万人年龄低于 14岁。

• 2. The report found more than half of the children left behind don’t live with either parent.

报告发现这些留守儿童中半数以上不与父母任何一方住在一起。

• 3. Since most of these children are at a critical stage of development, experts fear that they may develop psychological problems stemming from their parents’ absences.

由于这些儿童中大多数都处于发育的关键阶段，专家们担心他们可能因为父母的缺席而发展出心理问题。

• 4. The younger the child is, the more family care the child requires.

孩子越小，需要的家庭照顾越多。

• 5. Many provinces in China have now set up special schools to care for these children.

中国许多省份现在都开办了专门学校，照顾这些儿童。

VI. Writing

• You are required to write a composition on the topic “Population Control in China ” with no less than 80 words based on the outline given below.

• 人口问题是当前中国最迫切的社会问题之一；• 人口过剩带来了一些问题；• 解决该问题的建议。

sample• 人口问题是当前中国最迫切的社会问题之一；

• With a population accounting for about 1/5 of that of the world, overpopulation has become one of the most serious problems in China.

• 人口过剩带来一些问题；

• Overpopulation has brought about a series of negative effects to economic development and social security. It imposes a heavy burden on environment, and becomes the source of social unrest as the supply of labor exceeds the demand of the society.

• 解决该问题的建议。• Serious as the problem seems, we

have to take measures to tackle it. Family planning policy must be further carried on, and education needs to be strengthened to increase the awareness of the harms of overpopulation.

Additional Information

• Social Issues in USA

Social issues

• Social issues are matters which directly or indirectly affect many or all members of a society and are considered to be problems, controversies related to moral values, or both.

• Social issues include poverty, violence, pollution, injustice, suppression of human rights, discrimination, and crime, as well as abortion, gay marriage, gun control, and religion, to name a few.

• Social issues are related to the fabric of the community, including conflicts among the interests of community members, and lie beyond the control of any one individual.

Social issues in the United States

• Educational system – State governments since the 1970s have grappled

with these issues of educational equity. Despite these attempts, in 1992, the U.S. General Accounting Office stated, "Although most states pursued strategies to supplement the local funding of poor school districts, wealthier districts in 37 states had more total (state and local combined) funding than poor districts in the 1991-92 school year. This disparity existed even after adjusting for differences in geographic and student need-related education costs

• Access to health insurance – United States does not have universal health

care or a system of socialized medicine, although programs such as Medicare and Medicaid provide basic health insurance to elderly, disabled, and poorer residents. For most Americans, health insurance is provided as an employee benefit, while unemployed, part-time, and self-employed workers must pay for their own insurance.

– A recent Harvard University study found that medical bills are a leading cause of bankruptcy in the United States.

• Illegal immigration – Illegal immigration in the United States

has been a growing controversy in the United States in the last few years. An estimated 23 million illegal aliens, have passed through American borders predominantly from Latin America. The debate over illegal immigration has sparked protests and rallies on both sides of the debate.

• Sexuality – Controversies regarding sexuality have

become important in American politics and legislation, focusing especially on matters concerning abortion and LGBT issues.

• Cost of living – Every time the government raises the

minimum wage, prices must rise as well. Some states have a cost of living wage that requires a business to add an additional wage to the minimum wage. The workers make more money, then spend more money, and this gradual inflation is related to the rise in cost of living.

The End. Thank you!