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Understanding special needs. Resources and equipment 24 th January 2011. Benefits and entitlements. Advocacy. Advocacy . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Understanding special needs
Resources and equipment24th January 2011
Benefits and entitlements
Advocacy
Advocacy
Official definition – including services in which the interests of a person seeking a social service are represented in getting entitlements to such service but does not include legal representation
Easier definition – speaking on behalf of a person or empowering that person to speak for themselves – tries to redress the imbalance of power within society
Comhairle has some ongoing projects in this area
Traditionally mainly associated with adults
Types of advocacy
Self advocacy – where the individual speaks up for his or her rights
Citizen advocacy – where one advocates for another voluntarily
Peer advocacy – where advocacy is provided to persons with mental health difficulties
Collective advocacy – where self- advocates unite to speak up for their rights
Family advocacy – where a family member advocates for a person with a disability
Professional advocacy – where advocacy is provided by an expert (e.g. legal professional)
The goals of advocacy
To safeguard the rights of vulnerable citizens
To empower these citizens It promotes social inclusion and
heightens awareness across wider society to the obstacles faced by people with disabilities
Advocacy allows for all voices and opinions to be considered when services and policies are developed
Advocacy in Ireland
Not enshrined in legislation until Advocacy amendment Act 2004
Associations linked with advocacy include Irish Advocacy Network Comhairle The Disability Federation of Ireland The Forum of People with Disabilities
Advocacy for children
Movement for child advocacy started in USA in the 1960’s
In the UK it is enshrined in their children’s legislation
Children with special needs are those least likely to speak up for themselves and their rights
Therefore will need an adult to act as advocate, interpreting and facilitating for them
An advocate will listen, interpret, liaise, negotiate to secure children’s rights
Advocacy for children continued..
This advocate could be a parent or someone else
A parent may need empowering to do this
Where a child’s needs appear to be overruled or ignored and advocate can help the parent gain information and support
When advocacy is helpful
When parents have insufficient knowledge of English to make themselves understood
When parents lack knowledge about services and resources available to their child and family
When professionals will not listen to the child or parents
Some questions….
Who might act as an advocate on behalf of a child with special needs?
Why might the parents of a child with special needs require an advocate?
Aids and appliancesEquipment
General issues
Caring for a child with a disability can be very challenging for parents and carers
It can involve activities such as Dressing Undressing Lifting/moving Bathing Feeding etc.
General issues
Dressing/undressing a child who has severe limb contractures or muscle spasms can be very difficult and it may cause back/neck problems for parents/carers
Loose fitting clothing may be recommended to ease this activity
General issues
Families/carers need to seek the best and most suitable equipment available to support the child in maximising their full potential and to minimise the risk of developing further deformities/difficulties..
Child must be assessed by most appropriate professionals and appropriate equipment recommended. The equipment must be suitable for the home, pre-school, school etc
The child’s equipment needs must be reviewed regularly and changed as necessary
Lifting and handling Ensure the child’s comfort and safety at
all times Explain to the child what you are going
to do as the child may be nervous or frightened if they do not know what is happening
Do not lift on your own – seek help unless the child is very small
Adhere to safety regulations as advised in lifting and handling training
Aids and appliances
There is a great range of equipment available to assist people with disabilities in carrying out many activities that otherwise prove difficult for them Feeding aids Mobility aids Sensory aids Communication aidsEtc.
Aids and appliances
Information about specific equipment can be obtained from the manufacturer or the local Physio or OT
Equipment can be bought new, second hand or can be trialled for short periods and in some cases then hired
In some cases, depending on the disability and the local budgetary situation, it may be bought by the Health Board
Special equipment
Modern computerised equipment is increasingly used to help children with special needs
Some equipment is fairly technical and parents, carers, teachers and children them selves need help to understand how they work
One-to-one demonstrations, advice, information booklets, programmes plus training videos may be necessary for the more sophisticated equipment
Equipment continued
For every piece of equipment a child in your care uses ask yourself: How dependant is the child on it What could go wrong with it and how would the
child be affected if it failed in some way How accessible is 24 hour emergency back up
support and advice if there is a problem with it How must it be stored/maintained (check
manufacturers instructions)
Equipment continued There are less complicated aids e.g. walking
frames, hearing aids Other children may be curious about these Talk to them about the different aids, how they
are used and cared for Let them try one out with permission to help
demystify them“By helping children to understand the specific
technology on which they depend, you are encouraging them to be independent and take control of a part of their life.” Dale and O’Donovan (2002)
Mobility aids
Mobility aids assist movement e.g. Wheelchairs Walking aid Rolator Hoist Grab rails Stick Crutch
Swimming aids
These are a form of mobility aid e.g. Arm bands Neck support Life jacket Floats
Bathing
There is a range of aids available to assist bathing and showering e.g. Hoists Bath cradles High/low baths Shower trolleys Shower chairs Non-slip mats
Feeding aids
Plate surrounds Easy grip cutlery Straw – some are specialised Feeding beaker Non-slip mats Two handle cups Special teats Special spoons
Communication aids (AAC)
Low tech Communication board/book
Symbol Picture
Sign language e.g.lamh, makaton, BSL etc. High tech
Big macs Alpha talker Liberator Voice synthesizers
Sensory aids
Hearing aids – various Braille Talking watch Guide dogs Hearing dogs Vibrating alarm clock Audio tapes
Using equipment The cost of purchasing and storing equipment is
considerable It is important that the child is assessed
properly and receives the best equipment at the most appropriate time for child
The child, if appropriate, can be given explanations on how the equipment works and how to care for it.
Parents/carers and others need to be aware of how to get the most out of all the equipment that the child has
Adhere to correct standards
Maintaining equipment
Care should be taken to maintain the equipment
Always ensure equipment is in good working order before using it – broken equipment is dangerous
Report any problems to the appropriate person or fix it, replace it.
Equipment should be stored safely and kept clean
Storing equipment
Points to be considered Never block the exits Store neatly to avoid the slips, trips
and falls Ensure necessary items are charged
ready for use Remove/destroy/write off any
outdated equipment
Useful contacts addresses
National Disability Resource Centre
44 North Great George St, Dublin
01 874 7503
www.codicom.ie www.glencar.ie –
01 846 0435 www.tools-for-livin
g.co.uk
“For most of us technology makes things easier, for people with disabilities it makes things possible.”
Education for persons with special educational needs Act 2004
Aims of the act
To make further provision for the education of people with special educational needs
To provide that their education takes place, as far as is possible, in an inclusive environment
To provide that they have the same right as everyone else to avail of, and benefit from, appropriate education
Aims continued
To help children with special educational needs to leave school with skills necessary to participate, to the level of their capacity, in an inclusive way in the social and economic activities of society and to live independent and fulfilled lives
To provide for the greater involvement of parents of children with special educational needs in relation to the education of their children
Aims continued
To establish the National Council for Special Education
To confer certain functions on the HSE in relation to the education of people with special educational needs
To establish an independent appeals system – the Special Education Appeals Board
Resources in school
National council for education
Statutory body set up in Jan 2004 Network of special educational
needs organisers – Research and advisory role Since Jan 2005 has taken over from
Dept of Education and Science for the processing of applications for resources for children with disabilities who have special educational needs
National Council for Special Education
Main functions Plan and co-ordinate provision of
education and support services to children with SEN
Conducts research Advises the Minister in relation to
special education matters
Role of the SENO
Allocation of resources to schools Teaching SNA Transport Special equipment Establishing special classes
Co-ordination of local service delivery Provide information to schools and
parents SENO’s do not assess children
Pre-school Education
There is a right to certain health services which are related to education Psychology Speech and language therapy
Small number of special pre-school class units for children with ASD attached to primary schools
Pre-school support workers – via HSE
Primary education
Responsibility of Dept of Education and Science
Psychological assessments carried out by NEPS or approved private assessors
Response to child’s assessed needs may be provided in special dedicated schools, in special dedicated classes attached to ordinary schools or on an integrated basis in ordinary schools
The policy is to have integrated education as far as possible
Right to free education up to 18 years HSE is responsible for providing SLT
Learning Support teachers
Guidelines issued to all primary schools for identifying and selecting children for supplementary teaching
Psychological assessment does not occur until efforts have been made by the class teacher and the learning support teacher to address the child’s problems
Resource teachers and SNA’s
Following psychological assessment by NEPS or private assessor
New system of weighted allocation of resources for all primary schools to cater for pupils with higher incidence SEN (i.e. borderline mild and mild learning disability and specific learning disability and those with learning support needs (i.e. functioning at or below 10th percentile on a standardized test for reading and/or maths)
Resource teachers and SNA’s
Allows for individual allocations in respect of pupils with lower incidence SEN
NCSE looks after applications for resources
Children who do not meet the criteria but who do have a specific learning disability may be looked after by the learning support teacher and/or the class teacher
Special classes and special schools
Max pupil teacher ratio of 8:1 SNA support provided where
required Schools get extra money for the
child plus for equipment Special school transport system,
including an escort service Children may transfer from special
schools and classes but will need a review assessment
Visiting teacher service
For children with a visual impairment and for children who are deaf or have a hearing impairment
Each teacher responsible for a particular region
Links with all relevant people Available form when disability is
diagnosed through third level education
Referral via dept of education and science
Home tuition
Provided for children who are unable to attend school because of a serious medical condition or for children who are waiting to be allocated a school place
May also be provided during the month of July for children with ASD and children with severe and profound learning disability who have specific needs
Lengthy and complex process to be assessed as suitable for home tuition
NEPS
Est. in 1999 for primary and secondary schools
4 main strands of work: Casework with individual children Consultation and support for teachers
and parents Project work in schools Promotion of mental health in schools
Secondary education
Mainstream secondary education Special classes Special schools Funding available for technology needs of
individual students Resource teaching posts, SNA’s and
additional teaching hours are allocated to secondary schools to cater for special needs pupils. Each case is considered on its merit
Third level
Apply via CAO Some institutions reserve a number
of places for students with disabilities
Disability liaison officers Grants as per any other student but
there is a special fund for 3rd level students with disabilities administered by DOES
Special schools in the area
Holy Family School Darley School – hearing impaired Language classes Special classes Autism units Private pre-schools/schools
Recommended