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very large linear molecules
very large linear molecules
examples: DNA and examples: DNA and RNARNA
examples: DNA and examples: DNA and RNARNA
contain C, H, N, O, Pcontain C, H, N, O, Pcontain C, H, N, O, Pcontain C, H, N, O, P
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen
base
nucleotide
store genetic store genetic information, help to information, help to
make proteinsmake proteins
store genetic store genetic information, help to information, help to
make proteinsmake proteins
made up of nucleotides made up of nucleotides containing a sugar, containing a sugar,
phosphate and a N-basephosphate and a N-base
made up of nucleotides made up of nucleotides containing a sugar, containing a sugar,
phosphate and a N-basephosphate and a N-base
Rules for Base Pairing:
B. Adenine = Thymine
(A = T)
A. Cytosine Guanine
(C G)
the lines between the letters are hydrogen bonds
Fun Facts
If you wrote down all of the
bases in one cell, you would
fill a stack of 1,000 phone
books with A's, T's, G's and C's
Fun Facts
If you unraveled all your chromosomes from all of your cells and laid out the DNA end to end, the strands would stretch from the Earth to the Moon about 6,000 times.
Rules for Base Pairing:
B. Adenine = Uracil
(A = U)
A. Cytosine Guanine
(C G)
Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine)
* helps to make protein
Types of RNA
A. Messenger (mRNA)
B. Transfer (tRNA)
C. Ribosomal (rRNA)
What is the function of RNA?
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA RNA
Sugar is deoxyribose
Sugar is
ribose
Adenine base is present
Cytosine base is present
√
√
√ √
√ √
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA RNA
Guanine base is present
Thymine base is present
Uracil base is present
Shape is double helix
√ √
√
√
√
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA RNA
Shape is single stranded
Located in nucleus
Located in cytoplasm
Stores genetic information
√
√ √
√
√
Comparing DNA & RNA
DNA RNA
Functions in protein synthesis
Composed of nucleotides
Template for synthesis of proteins
Transcribes the Template
√ √
√ √
√
√
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